Efektivitas Isometric Handgrip Exercise dan Slow Deep Breathing Exercise terhadap Perubahan Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi
Abstract
This study aims to identify the effectiveness of isometric handgrip exercise and slow deep breathing exercise on changes in blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Quasi experimental research design with a two group pretest posttest research design on 32 respondents. The results showed that there was a change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after an Isometric Handgrip Exercise intervention (t = 8,279, p = 0,000), (t = 6,154, p = 0,000), and changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after a slow deep intervention was given breathing exercise (t = 3,632, p = 0,002), (t = 4,226, p = 0,001). Conclusion, both isometric handgrip exercise and slow deep breathing exercise can significantly reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
Keywords: Hypertension, Isometric Handgrip Exercise, Slow Deep Breathing Exercise, Blood Pressure
References
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Ahmad, S. (2013). The Influence Of The 2: 1 Yogic Breathing Technique on Essential Hypertension, 57(1), 38–44
Amandeep. (2015). Effectiveness of Abdominal Breathing Exercise on Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Patients. International Journal of Therapeutic Applications 24, 39–49. Issn 2320-138x
Anderson, D. E., McNeely, J. D., & Windham, B. G. (2010). Regular Slow-Breathing Exercise Effects on Blood Pressure and Breathing Patterns at Rest. Journal of Human Hypertension, 24(12), 807–813. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2010.18
Anderson, E. (2015). Effect of Slow Deep Breathing to Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Hypertensive Patients at Adventist Hospital in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
Badrov, M. B., Horton, S., Millar, P. J., & Mcgowan, C. L. (2013). Cardiovascular Stress Reactivity Tasks Successfully Predict the Hypotensive Response of Isometric Handgrip Training in Hypertensives. Psychophysiology, 50(4), 407–414. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12031
Berne & Levy. (2009). Regulation of the Heart and Vasculature. In: Koeppen BM and Stanton BA.Berne and Levy physiology (6th ed.). Philadelpia: Thomson press
Black, J.M., & Hawks, J. H. (2009). Medical Surgical Nursing: Clinical Management for Positive Outcomes Vol. 2 (8th ed.). Singapore: Elsevier Pte Ltd
Carlson, D. J., Dieberg, G., Hess, N. C., Millar, P. J., & Smart, N. A. (2014). Isometric Exercise Training for Blood Pressure Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 89(3), 327–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.10.030
Diest, I. Van, Widjaja, D., & Vansteenwegen, D. (2014). Inhalation / Exhalation Ratio Modulates the Effect of Slow Breathing on Heart Rate Variability and Relaxation Inhalation / Exhalation Ratio Modulates the Effect of Slow Breathing on Heart Rate Variability and Relaxation, (May 2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-014-9253-x
Dinkes Provinsi bengkulu. (2016). Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Bengkulu Tahun 2015, 1–154
Garg, R., Malhotra, V., Dhar, U., & Tripathi, Y. (2013). The Isometric Handgrip Exercise as a Test for Unmasking Hypertension in the Offsprings of Hypertensive Parents. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 7(6), 996–999. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2013/5094.3043
Guyton, A.C & Hall, J. (2008). Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran (11th ed.). Jakarta: EGC
Hananta, D. (2011). Deteksi Dini dan Pencegahan 7 Penyakit Penyebab Mati Muda. (M. Pressindo, Ed.) (Cetakan). Yogyakarta
Hellosehat. (2018a). Apakah Hipertensi Bisa Disembuhkan? Retrieved July 20, 2018, from https://www.google.co.id/amp/s/hellosehat.com/hidup-sehat/tips-sehat/hipertensi-bisa-sembuh-atau-tidak/amp/
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Heriziana. (2017). The Risk Factors Incidence of Hypertension in Puskesmas Basuki Rahmat Palembang Menurut Data Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia, 31–39
Hidayat, A. (2011). Metode Penelitian Keperawatan dan Teknik Analisa Data. Jakarta: Salemba Medika
Ignatavicius & Workman. (2006). Medical Surgical Nurshing Critical Thingking for Collaborative Care (Vol. 2). Ohia: Elsevier sauders
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Kozier. Erb, B. S. (2010). Buku Ajar Fundamental Keperawatan: Konsep, Proses & Praktik, Volume : 1 (7th ed.). Jakarta: EGC
Mcgowan, C. L., Levy, A. S., Mccartney, N., & Macdonald, M. J. (2007). Isometric Handgrip Training Does not Improve Flow-Mediated Dilation in Subjects with Normal Blood Pressure. Clinical Science, 112(7), 403–409. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20060195
McGowan, C. L., Proctor, D. N., Swaine, I., Brook, R. D., Jackson, E. A., & Levy, P. D. (2017). Isometric Handgrip as an Adjunct for Blood Pressure Control: a Primer for Clinicians. Current Hypertension Reports, 19(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-017-0748-8
Millar, P. J., MacDonald, M. J., Bray, S. R., & McCartney, N. (2009). Isometric Handgrip Exercise Improves Acute Neurocardiac Regulation. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 107(5), 509–515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1142-2
Mortimer. (2011). Effect of Short-Term Isometric Handgrip Training on Blood Pressure in Middle-Aged Females, 22(5). Retrieved from www.cvja.co.za
Pal, G. K., Velkumary, S., & Madanmohan, A. (2004). Effect of Short-Term Practice of Breathing Exercises on Autonomic Functions in Normal Human Volunteers. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 120(2), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.1161/Hypertensionaha.112.194225
Parlindungan, T., & Lukitasari, A. (2016). Latihan Isometrik Bermanfaat Menurunkan Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi Helpful Isometric Exercise Lowers Blood Pressure in Patients Hypertension
Pramanik, T., Ph, D., Sharma, H. O., Mishra, S., Mishra, A., Prajapati, R., Singh, S. (2009). on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate, 15(3), 293–295. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2008.0440
Riskesdas. (2013). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013. Laporan Nasional 2013, 1–384. https://doi.org/1 Desember 2013
Sepdianto, T. C., Nurachmah, E., Gayatri, D., Kesehatan, P., Malang, D., & Tengah, J. (2010). Penurunan Tekanan Darah dan Kecemasan melalui Latihan Slow Deep Breathing pada Pasien Hipertensi Primer, 2–6
Singh, N. P., & Jain, A. K. (2009). Effect of Slow- and Fast-Breathing Exercises on Autonomic, 15(7), 711–717
Suiraoka. (2012). Penyakit Degeneratif, Mengenal, Mencegah dan Mengurangi Faktor Risiko 9 Penyakit Degeneratif. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika
Sundari, S., Aulani’am, A., S, D. W., & Widodo, M. A. (2013). Faktor Risiko Non Genetik dan Polimorfisme Promoter RegionGen CYP11B2 Varian T (-344) C Aldosterone Synthase pada Pasien Hipertensi Esensial di Wilayah Pantai dan Pegunungan. Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya, 27(3), 169–177. Retrieved from http://jkb.ub.ac.id/index.php/jkb/article/view/345
Sutanto. (2010). Cekal (Cegah dan Tangkal) Penyakit Modern : Hipertensi, Stroke, Jantung, Kolesterol, dan Diabetes (gejala-gejala, pencegahan dan pengendalian). Yogyakarta
Syamsyuriana Sabar. (2015). Pengaruh Isometric Handgrip Exercise terhadap Perubahan Tekanan Darah. Universitas Indonesia. Retrieved from http://lib.ui.ac.id/detail?id=20404253&lokasi=lokal
Tarwoto. (2011). Pengaruh Latihan Slow Deep Breathing terhadap Intensitas Nyeri Kepala Akut pada Pasien Cedera Kepala Ringan
Triyanto. (2014). Pelayanan Keperawatan Bagi Penderita Hipertensi Secara Terpadu. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu
Turankar, A. V., Jain, S., Patel, S. B., Sinha, S. R., Joshi, A. D., Vallish, B. N., … Turankar, S. A. (2013). Effects of Slow Breathing Exercise on Cardiovascular Functions, Pulmonary Functions & Galvanic Skin Resistance in Healthy Human Volunteers - A Pilot Study. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 137(5), 916–921
WHO (World Health Organization). (2015). Prevalence of Raised Blood Pressure. Retrieved from http:/gamapserver.who.int/gho/interactive_charts/ncd/risk_factors/blood_pressure_prevalence/atlas.html
Widiana, Made Restu. (2017). Prevalensi dan Karakteristik Hipertensi pada Pralansia dan Lansia di Dusun Tengah, Desa Ulakan, Kecamatan Manggis, 6(8)
Widiastuti. (2010). Perbedaan kadar Nitric Oxide dan Derajat Stenosis Pada Penderita Penyakit Jantung Koroner dengan dan Tanpa Diabetes Melitus. Semarang
Ahmad, S. (2013). The Influence Of The 2: 1 Yogic Breathing Technique on Essential Hypertension, 57(1), 38–44
Amandeep. (2015). Effectiveness of Abdominal Breathing Exercise on Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Patients. International Journal of Therapeutic Applications 24, 39–49. Issn 2320-138x
Anderson, D. E., McNeely, J. D., & Windham, B. G. (2010). Regular Slow-Breathing Exercise Effects on Blood Pressure and Breathing Patterns at Rest. Journal of Human Hypertension, 24(12), 807–813. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2010.18
Anderson, E. (2015). Effect of Slow Deep Breathing to Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Hypertensive Patients at Adventist Hospital in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
Badrov, M. B., Horton, S., Millar, P. J., & Mcgowan, C. L. (2013). Cardiovascular Stress Reactivity Tasks Successfully Predict the Hypotensive Response of Isometric Handgrip Training in Hypertensives. Psychophysiology, 50(4), 407–414. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12031
Berne & Levy. (2009). Regulation of the Heart and Vasculature. In: Koeppen BM and Stanton BA.Berne and Levy physiology (6th ed.). Philadelpia: Thomson press
Black, J.M., & Hawks, J. H. (2009). Medical Surgical Nursing: Clinical Management for Positive Outcomes Vol. 2 (8th ed.). Singapore: Elsevier Pte Ltd
Carlson, D. J., Dieberg, G., Hess, N. C., Millar, P. J., & Smart, N. A. (2014). Isometric Exercise Training for Blood Pressure Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 89(3), 327–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.10.030
Diest, I. Van, Widjaja, D., & Vansteenwegen, D. (2014). Inhalation / Exhalation Ratio Modulates the Effect of Slow Breathing on Heart Rate Variability and Relaxation Inhalation / Exhalation Ratio Modulates the Effect of Slow Breathing on Heart Rate Variability and Relaxation, (May 2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-014-9253-x
Dinkes Provinsi bengkulu. (2016). Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Bengkulu Tahun 2015, 1–154
Garg, R., Malhotra, V., Dhar, U., & Tripathi, Y. (2013). The Isometric Handgrip Exercise as a Test for Unmasking Hypertension in the Offsprings of Hypertensive Parents. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 7(6), 996–999. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2013/5094.3043
Guyton, A.C & Hall, J. (2008). Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran (11th ed.). Jakarta: EGC
Hananta, D. (2011). Deteksi Dini dan Pencegahan 7 Penyakit Penyebab Mati Muda. (M. Pressindo, Ed.) (Cetakan). Yogyakarta
Hellosehat. (2018a). Apakah Hipertensi Bisa Disembuhkan? Retrieved July 20, 2018, from https://www.google.co.id/amp/s/hellosehat.com/hidup-sehat/tips-sehat/hipertensi-bisa-sembuh-atau-tidak/amp/
Hellosehat. (2018b). Obat Darah Tinggi harus Diminum Bahkan Saat Tensi Darah Rendah. Retrieved from http://www.google.co.id/amp/s/hellosehat.com/hidup-sehat/tips-sehat/kapan-minum-obat-darah-tinggi/amp/
Heriziana. (2017). The Risk Factors Incidence of Hypertension in Puskesmas Basuki Rahmat Palembang Menurut Data Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia, 31–39
Hidayat, A. (2011). Metode Penelitian Keperawatan dan Teknik Analisa Data. Jakarta: Salemba Medika
Ignatavicius & Workman. (2006). Medical Surgical Nurshing Critical Thingking for Collaborative Care (Vol. 2). Ohia: Elsevier sauders
James, P. A., Oparil, S., Carter, B. L., Cushman, W. C., Dennison-Himmelfarb, C., Handler, J., Ortiz, E. (2014). Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults. Jama, 311(5), 507. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.284427
Kozier. Erb, B. S. (2010). Buku Ajar Fundamental Keperawatan: Konsep, Proses & Praktik, Volume : 1 (7th ed.). Jakarta: EGC
Mcgowan, C. L., Levy, A. S., Mccartney, N., & Macdonald, M. J. (2007). Isometric Handgrip Training Does not Improve Flow-Mediated Dilation in Subjects with Normal Blood Pressure. Clinical Science, 112(7), 403–409. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20060195
McGowan, C. L., Proctor, D. N., Swaine, I., Brook, R. D., Jackson, E. A., & Levy, P. D. (2017). Isometric Handgrip as an Adjunct for Blood Pressure Control: a Primer for Clinicians. Current Hypertension Reports, 19(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-017-0748-8
Millar, P. J., MacDonald, M. J., Bray, S. R., & McCartney, N. (2009). Isometric Handgrip Exercise Improves Acute Neurocardiac Regulation. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 107(5), 509–515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1142-2
Mortimer. (2011). Effect of Short-Term Isometric Handgrip Training on Blood Pressure in Middle-Aged Females, 22(5). Retrieved from www.cvja.co.za
Pal, G. K., Velkumary, S., & Madanmohan, A. (2004). Effect of Short-Term Practice of Breathing Exercises on Autonomic Functions in Normal Human Volunteers. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 120(2), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.1161/Hypertensionaha.112.194225
Parlindungan, T., & Lukitasari, A. (2016). Latihan Isometrik Bermanfaat Menurunkan Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi Helpful Isometric Exercise Lowers Blood Pressure in Patients Hypertension
Pramanik, T., Ph, D., Sharma, H. O., Mishra, S., Mishra, A., Prajapati, R., Singh, S. (2009). on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate, 15(3), 293–295. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2008.0440
Riskesdas. (2013). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013. Laporan Nasional 2013, 1–384. https://doi.org/1 Desember 2013
Sepdianto, T. C., Nurachmah, E., Gayatri, D., Kesehatan, P., Malang, D., & Tengah, J. (2010). Penurunan Tekanan Darah dan Kecemasan melalui Latihan Slow Deep Breathing pada Pasien Hipertensi Primer, 2–6
Singh, N. P., & Jain, A. K. (2009). Effect of Slow- and Fast-Breathing Exercises on Autonomic, 15(7), 711–717
Suiraoka. (2012). Penyakit Degeneratif, Mengenal, Mencegah dan Mengurangi Faktor Risiko 9 Penyakit Degeneratif. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika
Sundari, S., Aulani’am, A., S, D. W., & Widodo, M. A. (2013). Faktor Risiko Non Genetik dan Polimorfisme Promoter RegionGen CYP11B2 Varian T (-344) C Aldosterone Synthase pada Pasien Hipertensi Esensial di Wilayah Pantai dan Pegunungan. Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya, 27(3), 169–177. Retrieved from http://jkb.ub.ac.id/index.php/jkb/article/view/345
Sutanto. (2010). Cekal (Cegah dan Tangkal) Penyakit Modern : Hipertensi, Stroke, Jantung, Kolesterol, dan Diabetes (gejala-gejala, pencegahan dan pengendalian). Yogyakarta
Syamsyuriana Sabar. (2015). Pengaruh Isometric Handgrip Exercise terhadap Perubahan Tekanan Darah. Universitas Indonesia. Retrieved from http://lib.ui.ac.id/detail?id=20404253&lokasi=lokal
Tarwoto. (2011). Pengaruh Latihan Slow Deep Breathing terhadap Intensitas Nyeri Kepala Akut pada Pasien Cedera Kepala Ringan
Triyanto. (2014). Pelayanan Keperawatan Bagi Penderita Hipertensi Secara Terpadu. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu
Turankar, A. V., Jain, S., Patel, S. B., Sinha, S. R., Joshi, A. D., Vallish, B. N., … Turankar, S. A. (2013). Effects of Slow Breathing Exercise on Cardiovascular Functions, Pulmonary Functions & Galvanic Skin Resistance in Healthy Human Volunteers - A Pilot Study. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 137(5), 916–921
WHO (World Health Organization). (2015). Prevalence of Raised Blood Pressure. Retrieved from http:/gamapserver.who.int/gho/interactive_charts/ncd/risk_factors/blood_pressure_prevalence/atlas.html
Widiana, Made Restu. (2017). Prevalensi dan Karakteristik Hipertensi pada Pralansia dan Lansia di Dusun Tengah, Desa Ulakan, Kecamatan Manggis, 6(8)
Widiastuti. (2010). Perbedaan kadar Nitric Oxide dan Derajat Stenosis Pada Penderita Penyakit Jantung Koroner dengan dan Tanpa Diabetes Melitus. Semarang
Published
2018-11-23
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