Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Telemedicine Dengan TAM Sebagai Variabel Intervening Terhadap Beban Kerja Tenaga Kesehatan (Studi Kasus 3T Covid-19 Di Puskesmas Kota Bandung)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31539/costing.v7i5.12024Keywords:
Telemedicine, Workload, TAM, COVID-19, PuskesmasAbstract
Beban kerja tenaga kesehatan merupakan salah satu faktor yang penting dalam mempertahankan sistem pelayanan kesehatan. Seiring dengan adanya pandemi COVID-19 yang mengguncang sektor kesehatan dunia, hal tersebut membuat pemerintah Indonesia mempercepat perluasan cakupan pemanfaatan teknologi seperti telemedicine di berbagai lapisan hingga ke fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama seperti Puskesmas. Pemanfaatan telemedicine memiliki hubungan tidak langsung terhadap beban kerja yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Terdapat sebuah model sebagai penghubung yang menjelaskan beberapa faktor tersebut yang dikenal dengan TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). Pada penelitian ini, tenaga kesehatan yang bekerja di Puskesmas dikaji persepsinya terkait implementasi telemedicine dengan TAM terhadap beban kerja. Penelitian ini dilakukan di enam Puskesmas yang mewakili masing-masing wilayah di Kota Bandung dengan metode analitik verifikatif corss-sectional pada 135 tenaga kesehatan. Dari hasil Kuesioner yang disebarkan, analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh telemedicine terhadap beban kerja secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui TAM. Hasil penelitian ini merupakan mediasi parsial (VAF = 0,24) dari TAM yang sejalan dengan fenomena lapangan bahwa sebagian tenaga kesehatan memberikan persepsi telemedicine meningkatkan beban kerja dan sebagian memberikan persepsi penurunan beban kerja.
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Pai, F. Y., & Huang, K. I. (2011). Applying the Technology Acceptance Model to the introduction of healthcare information systems. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(4), 650–660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2010.11.007
Provenzano, D. A., Sitzman, B. T., Florentino, S. A., & Buterbaugh, G. A. (2020). Clinical and economic strategies in outpatient medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 45(8), 579–585. https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2020-101640
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Bernadetha Aurelia Oktavira, S. H. (2019). Aturan tentang Konsultasi Dokter Jarak Jauh (Telemedicine). https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/detail/ulasan/lt5db2b3d5e618b/aturan-tentang-konsultasi-dokter-jarak-jauh-itelemedicine-i/
CNN. (2021, July 1). PPKM Mikro Darurat. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20210701142904-4-257468/resmi-ini-dia-aturan-khusus-ppkm-mikro-darurat
Dahlan, M. (2017). Statistik untuk Kedokteran dan Kesehatan; Deskriptif, Bivariat, dan Multivariat dilengkapi Aplikasi dengan Menggunakan SPSS. In Salemba Medika.
Dalgleish, T., Williams, J. M. G. ., Golden, A.-M. J., Perkins, N., Barrett, L. F., Barnard, P. J., Au Yeung, C., Murphy, V., Elward, R., Tchanturia, K., & Watkins, E. (2016). RENCANA KERJA PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH KABUPATEN BANDUNG TAHUN 2016. In Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.
Dastgeer, G., ur Rehman, A., & Ali Asghar, M. (2020). Selection and use of Mediation Testing Methods; Application in Management Sciences. Business & Economic Review, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.22547/ber/12.3.3
Davis, F., Bagozzi, R., & Warshaw, P. (1989). User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models. Management Science, 35, 982–1003. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.8.982
Fong, B., Fong, A. C. M., & Li, C. K. (2010). Telemedicine Technologies: Information Technologies in Medicine and Telehealth. In Telemedicine Technologies: Information Technologies in Medicine and Telehealth. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470972151
Hamilton, C. (2013). The WHO-ITU national eHealth strategy toolkit as an effective approach to national strategy development and implementation. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-289-9-913
Hasan, B., & Ahmed, M. U. (2007). Effects of interface style on user perceptions and behavioral intention to use computer systems. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2006.08.016
Hasan, M. (2020). Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Kinerja Keuangan Sebagai Variabel Intervening. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Akuntansi, 9(8).
Hayati, A. F. (2020). Perbedaan Hasil Belajar Siswa Menggunakan Bimbingan Belajar Online. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Ekonomi (JIPE). https://doi.org/10.24036/011085130
Heredia-Calzado, M., & Duréndez, A. (2019). The influence of knowledge management and professionalization on the use of ERP systems and its effect on the competitive advantages of SMEs. In Enterprise Information Systems (Vol. 13, Issue 9). https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2019.1640393
Holden, R. J., & Karsh, B. T. (2010). The Technology Acceptance Model: Its past and its future in health care. In Journal of Biomedical Informatics (Vol. 43, Issue 1, pp. 159–172). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2009.07.002
IDI. (2020). Pedoman standar perlindungan dokter di era covid-19 PB IDI agustus 2020.
Indonesia, M. K. R. (2019). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 43 Tahun 2019 Tentang Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat. FLEPS 2019 - IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems, Proceedings, 6(1).
Kemenkes RI. (2019). Peraturan menteri kesehatan republik indonesia nomor 20 tahun 2019 tentang penyelenggaraan pelayanan telemedicine antar fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan.
Kemenkes RI. (2020a). Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Germas.
Kemenkes RI. (2020b). Petunjuk Teknis Pelayanan Puskesmas Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. In kemenkes RI.
KEMENTRIAN RI. (2014). PERATURAN MENTERI KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 75 TAHUN 2014. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 85(1), 2071–2079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.06.007
Krismadinata, K., Sari, W. J., Ganefri, G., & Verawardina, U. (2020). PENGUKURAN TINGKAT KEBERGUNAAN SISTEM INFORMASI ANALISIS JABATAN DAN BEBAN KERJA MENGGUNAKAN TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL. SISTEMASI, 9(3), 409–418. https://doi.org/10.32520/stmsi.v9i3.719
Kristianto, E. (2013). E-health di Indonesia. Jurnal Teknik Dan Ilmu Komputer.
Liu, Y. C., Kuo, R. L., & Shih, S. R. (2020). COVID-19: The first documented coronavirus pandemic in history. In Biomedical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2020.04.007
Liu, Y., Wang, Z., Ren, J., Tian, Y., Zhou, M., Zhou, T., Ye, K., Zhao, Y., Qiu, Y., & Li, J. (2020). A COVID-19 risk assessment decision support system for general practitioners: Design and development study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(6). https://doi.org/10.2196/19786
Mangkunegara, C. N., Azzahro, F., & Handayani, P. W. (2019). Analysis of factors affecting user’s intention in using mobile health application: A case study of halodoc. 2018 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems, ICACSIS 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACSIS.2018.8618174
Markowitz, J. S. (2018). Multivariate analysis. In SpringerBriefs in Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77203-5_8
Menteri Kesehatan RI. (2016). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No 44 Tahun 2016 tentang Manajemen Puskesmas.
Naryono, E. (n.d.). TELEMEDICINE STRATEGY CONCEPTS IN HANDLING COVID-19 IN INDONESIA IN 2021. https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/view/
Nugraha, D. C. A., & Aknuranda, I. (2017). An overview of e-Health in Indonesia: Past and present applications. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i5.pp2441-2450
Ohannessian, R., Duong, T. A., & Odone, A. (2020). Global Telemedicine Implementation and Integration Within Health Systems to Fight the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call to Action. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance. https://doi.org/10.2196/18810
Pai, F. Y., & Huang, K. I. (2011). Applying the Technology Acceptance Model to the introduction of healthcare information systems. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(4), 650–660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2010.11.007
Provenzano, D. A., Sitzman, B. T., Florentino, S. A., & Buterbaugh, G. A. (2020). Clinical and economic strategies in outpatient medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 45(8), 579–585. https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2020-101640
Ramadhani, N. R., Prasetyo, A. K. N., & Wijayanti, A. C. (2018). Evaluasi Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis Terpadu (SITT) di Rumah Sakit Paru Respira Yogyakarta dan Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dengan Metode Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). http://eprints.ums.ac.id/id/eprint/68506
Rusli, Y., Nusri, T. M., & Farich, A. (2013). Analisis Beban Kerja Dokter dan Perawat di Poli Umum Puskesmas Kedaton Kota Bandar Lampung dengan Metode Workload Indicator Staff Needs (WISN). Dunia Kesmas, 2(1).
Sari, G. G., & Wirman, W. (2021). Telemedicine sebagai Media Konsultasi Kesehatan di Masa Pandemic COVID 19 di Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi, 15(1).
Sarmah, H. K., & Bora Hazarika, B. (2012). Determination of Reliability and Validity measures of a questionnaire. Indian Journal of Education and Information Management.
SATGAS COVID-19. (2021). 3T (Testing, Tracing, Treatment) - Masyarakat Umum | Covid19.go.id. Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19.
Stewart, A. (2016). Basic Statistics and Epidemiology: A Practical Guide (4th ed.).
Sugiyono. (2016). Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian. Sugiyono.
Sumiati, & Triono Sigit, H. (2018). Design of Android Application for Telemedicine System to Improve Public Health Services. MATEC Web of Conferences, 218. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821803005
Susilawati, S., Falefi, R., & Purwoko, A. (2020). Impact of COVID-19’s Pandemic on the Economy of Indonesia. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i2.954
Sutarsa, N., Astuti, A. S., Choy, M., & Moore, M. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic: Opportunity to Accelerate e-Health in Indonesia. Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive, 8(1).
WHO. (2021). WHO COVID-19 Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/.
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