BAGAIMANA JOB STRESS DAPAT MENYEBABKAN EMPLOYEE DEVIANCE? SEBUAH TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS
Abstract
Tinjauan literatur sistematis ini mengkaji hubungan antara Job Stress dan Deviance Workplace Behavior dengan mensintesiskan temuan dari 12 studi empiris di berbagai konteks budaya dan jenis pekerjaan. Tinjauannya adalah untuk menyelidiki bagaimana job stress didefinisikan, apa saja anteseden dan penyebabnya, serta efek langsung dan tidak langsungnya terhadap deviance workplace behavior. Studi-studi tersebut secara konsisten mendefinisikan job stress sebagai keadaan psikologis negatif yang dihasilkan dari ketidakseimbangan antara tuntutan pekerjaan dan sumber daya untuk menyelesaikannya. Bukti-bukti secara umum mendukung hubungan positif antara job stress dan deviance workplace behavior, dimana karyawan yang mengalami tingkat stres yang lebih tinggi cenderung terlibat dalam penyimpangan (deviance) yang diarahkan pada organisasi, interpersonal, dan pelanggan. Namun, kekuatan hubungan ini bergantung pada karakteristik individu (kegigihan, efikasi diri, fokus pada peraturan) dan faktor kontekstual (kesesuaian individu-organisasi, dukungan sosial). Beberapa studi juga menunjukkan potensi adanya mediasi, seperti emotional exhaustion dan moral diengagement, yang dapat menjelaskan bagaimana stres diterjemahkan menjadi perilaku deviance. Tinjauan ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman yang lebih berwarna tentang hubungan antara job stress dan deviance workplace behavior, mengidentifikasi kerangka kerja teoritis, serta menawarkan implikasi praktis untuk memitigasi deviance workplace behavior dengan mengatasi stresor di tempat kerja.
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