PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH DAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP PEMILIHAN KARIR SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31539/costing.v7i6.13497Keywords:
Lingkungan Sekolah, Orang Tua, Pemilihan Karir, Stereotip GenderAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh lingkungan sekolah dan orang tua terhadap pemilihan karir siswa sekolah menengah atas, serta peran stereotip gender sebagai variabel moderasi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode regresi linear berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan sekolah memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pemilihan karir siswa, dengan nilai koefisien regresi sebesar 0,196 dan nilai signifikansi 0,014 (< 0,05). Sebaliknya, orang tua tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pemilihan karir, dengan nilai koefisien regresi sebesar 0,149 dan nilai signifikansi 0,121 (> 0,05). Selanjutnya, stereotip gender tidak memoderasi pengaruh lingkungan sekolah terhadap pemilihan karir (koefisien regresi 0,004; signifikansi 0,745 > 0,05), tetapi stereotip gender memoderasi pengaruh orang tua terhadap pemilihan karir siswa (koefisien regresi 0,025; signifikansi 0,039 < 0,05). Penelitian ini mengungkapkan pentingnya peran lingkungan sekolah dalam mendukung siswa menentukan karir, serta menunjukkan bagaimana stereotip gender dapat memengaruhi hubungan antara pengaruh orang tua dan pemilihan karir.
References
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Chak-keung Wong, S., & Jing Liu, G. (2010). Will parental influences affect career choice? Evidence from hospitality and tourism management students in China. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(1), 82–102.
Chandra, Y., Rafiolla, R. H., & Adison, J. (2018). Stereotype Gender Dan Tingkat Aspirasi Karir Siswa Berjenis Kelamin Perempuan Serta Upaya Penanganan Dalam Perspektif Konseling. Proceeding IAIN Batusangkar, 1(2), Article 2.
Cheryan, S., Siy, J. O., Vichayapai, M., Drury, B. J., & Kim, S. (2011). Do Female and Male Role Models Who Embody STEM Stereotypes Hinder Women’s Anticipated Success in STEM? Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(6), 656–664.
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Dalimoenthe, I. (2021). Sosiologi gender. Bumi Aksara.
Dozan, W., & Supriadi, S. (2021). Peran Perempuan Dalam Meningkatkan Tarap Bekerja Terhadap Keluarga: Kajian Isu Gender Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an. AL-WARDAH: Jurnal Kajian Perempuan, Gender dan Agama, 15(2), 167–179.
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Ellis, L., Hershberger, S., Field, E., Wersinger, S., Pellis, S., Geary, D., Palmer, C., Hoyenga, K., Hetsroni, A., & Karadi, K. (2013). Sex differences: Summarizing more than a century of scientific research. Psychology Press.
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Fernandez, F. (2007). The effects of gender stereotype threat on female students’ math performance and the potential effects of moderating and mediating variables. State University of New York at Albany.
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Gupta, V. K., Turban, D. B., & Bhawe, N. M. (2008). The effect of gender stereotype activation on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of applied psychology, 93(5), 1053.
Halpern, D. F., Eliot, L., Bigler, R. S., Fabes, R. A., Hanish, L. D., Hyde, J., Liben, L. S., & Martin, C. L. (2011). The Pseudoscience of Single-Sex Schooling. Science, 333(6050), 1706–1707.
Hamalik, O. (2019). Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran. Bumi Aksara.
Hartung, P. J., Porfeli, E. J., & Vondracek, F. W. (2005). Child vocational development: A review and reconsideration. Journal of vocational behavior, 66(3), 385–419.
Haryati, H. (2012). Konstruktivisme bias gender dalam media massa. Observasi, 10(1).
Hassan, M., Luo, Y., Gu, J., Mushtaque, I., & Rizwan, M. (2022). Investigating the parental and media influence on gender stereotypes and young Student’s career choices in Pakistan. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 890680.
Kinanti, N. A., Syaebani, M. I., & Primadini, D. V. (2021). Stereotip Pekerjaan Berbasis Gender dalam Konteks Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen dan Usahawan Indonesia, 44(1).
Koburtay, T., Syed, J., & Haloub, R. (2019). Congruity between the female gender role and the leader role: A literature review. European Business Review, 31(6), 831–848.
Kong, L., Wang, J., & Zhang, X. (2023). How Gender Stereotypes Impact the Career Choice of High School Students. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 12, 254–265.
Latief, A. (2016). Pengaruh lingkungan sekolah terhadap hasil belajar pendidikan kewarganegaraan pada peserta didik di smk negeri paku kecamatan binuang kabupaten polewali mandar. Pepatudzu: Media Pendidikan dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan, 7(1), 13–26.
Leslie, S.-J., Cimpian, A., Meyer, M., & Freeland, E. (2015). Expectations of brilliance underlie gender distributions across academic disciplines.
Makarova, E., Aeschlimann, B., & Herzog, W. (2019). The gender gap in STEM fields: The impact of the gender stereotype of math and science on secondary students’ career aspirations. Frontiers in Education, 4, 60.
Marditama, T., Solihah, C., Fitria, L., Sandanafu, S., Yekti, S. M. P., Andriyani, W., Aridhayandi, M. R., Komalasari, Y., & Wisnujati, N. S. (2021). Women Empowerment. Zahir Publishing.
Maslikhah, M., Hapsyah, D. R., Jabbar, A. A., & Hidayat, D. R. (2019). Implementasi teori Donald E. Super pada program layanan BK karir di SMK. Ilmu dan Budaya, 41(64).
Munawaroh, F. H., & Hanafi, M. I. (2022). Manajemen Kelas. Scopindo Media Pustaka.
Nurchasana, A., Fitriana, S., & Nirmala, A. W. (2023). Analisis Peran Orang Tua Terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Karir Pada Peserta Didik SMA. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Bimbingan dan Konseling (SMAILING), 1(1), 150–158.
Oktiva Herry, C. (2010). Pemerolehan Stereotip Jender Pada Anak Usia Praoperasional - Operasi Formal. 148–154.
Palulungan, L., & Gosali, F. (2020.). Perempuan, Masyarakat Patriarki & Kesetaraan Gender.
Pavlova, M. A., Weber, S., Simoes, E., & Sokolov, A. N. (2014). Gender stereotype susceptibility. PloS one, 9(12), e114802.
Priadana, M. S., & Sunarsi, D. (2021). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Pascal Books.
Putra, A. K. (2018). Keterlibatan orang tua dalam perencanaan karir anak usia SMP di Dusun Jamburejo. Jurnal Riset Mahasiswa Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 4(9), 501–511.
Putri, A., Arifin, D., Manalu, A. W., & Cahyani, N. (2023). Implementasi Kesetaraan Gender pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. BUHUTS AL ATHFAL: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Anak Usia Dini, 3(1), 34–49.
Riswani -, & Hermansyah -. (2015). Streotipe Gender Dan Pilihan Kareer Di Kalangan Siswi Madrasah Aliyah (MA) Diniyah Puteri PekanbarU RIAU. Marwah: Jurnal Perempuan, Agama Dan Jender, 14(2), Article 2.
Ronkainen, N. J., Ryba, T. V., & Selänne, H. (2019). “She is where I’d want to be in my career”: Youth athletes’ role models and their implications for career and identity construction. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 45, 101562.
Rosyidah, F. N., & Nurwati, N. (2019). Gender dan Stereotipe: Konstruksi Realitas dalam Media Sosial Instagram. Share: Social Work Journal, 9(1), 10–19.
Rudman, L. A., & Glick, P. (2021). The social psychology of gender: How power and intimacy shape gender relations. Guilford Publications.
Soemarwoto, O. (2004). Ekologi lingkungan hidup dan pembangunan. Djambatan.
Sukardi, H. M. (2022). Metode penelitian pendidikan tindakan kelas: Implementasi dan pengembangannya. Bumi Aksara.
Sukendra, I. K., & Atmaja, I. (2020). Instrumen penelitian.
Suriani, N., Risnita, & Jailani, M. S. (2023). Konsep Populasi dan Sampling Serta Pemilihan Partisipan Ditinjau Dari Penelitian Ilmiah Pendidikan. IHSAN : Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 1(2), Article 2.
Suwanto, I., Mayasari, D., & Dhari, N. W. (2021). Analisis Peran Teman Sebaya dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Karier. Counsellia: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 11(2), 168–179.
Tabassum, N., & Nayak, B. S. (2021). Gender Stereotypes and Their Impact on Women’s Career Progressions from a Managerial Perspective. IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review, 10(2), 192–208.
Thorne, B. (2024). Gender Play: Boys and Girls in School. Rutgers University Press.
Tzu-Ling, H. (2019). Gender differences in high-school learning experiences, motivation, self-efficacy, and career aspirations among Taiwanese STEM college students. International Journal of Science Education, 41(13), 1870–1884.
Unaradjan, D. D. (2019). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Penerbit Unika Atma Jaya Jakarta.
Utami, T. R. (2024). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pilihan Karir Siswa: Pendekatan Kualitatif Dalam Konteks Pendidikan Menengah Atas. Educatus, 2(2), 34–40.
Wang, M.-T., & Degol, J. L. (2017). Gender Gap in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM): Current Knowledge, Implications for Practice, Policy, and Future Directions. Educational Psychology Review, 29(1), 119–140.
Waruwu, M. (2023). Pendekatan Penelitian Pendidikan: Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Metode Penelitian Kombinasi (Mixed Method). Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(1), 2896–2910.
Widyani, A. (2022). Analisis Stereotip Gender Dalam Pemilihan Karir (Studi Kasus Pada Siswi SMPN 1 Pallangga).
Women in leadership: Why it matters. Catalyst Report. (2020). The Rockefeller Foundation.
Yoel, S. R., & Dori, Y. J. (2021). FIRST high-school students and FIRST graduates: STEM exposure and career choices. IEEE Transactions on Education, 65(2), 167–176.
Yunus, N. M., Zainudin, Z. N., Mohamad, Y., Yusop, W. N. W. O., Engku, E. M., & Kamarudin, M. A. (2024). Understanding Career Decision-Making: Influencing Factors and Application of Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory.
Zahrani, A., & Jannah, A. H. (2024). Dampak Lingkungan Sosial Ekonomi dalam Pembentukan Karir: Analisis Sesuai Teori Krumboltz. RISOMA: Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan, 2(6), 54–67.
Akinlolu, M. (2022). Gender stereotypes and career choices: A cross-sectional study on a group of South African students in construction programmes. Acta Structilia, 29(2), 83–115.
Alexander, P. M., Holmner, M., Lotriet, H. H., Matthee, M. C., Pieterse, H. V., Naidoo, S., Twinomurinzi, H., & Jordaan, D. (2011). Factors Affecting Career Choice: Comparison Between Students from Computer and Other Disciplines. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 20(3), 300–315.
Ardiawan, K. N., Sari, M. E., Abdullah, K., Jannah, M., Aiman, U., & Hasda, S. (2022). Penelitian KuantitatiF. Zaini.
Blažev, M., Popović, D., & Šverko, I. (2024). Longitudinal Patterns in Gender-Typed Career Interests and Career Stereotypes Among Boys and Girls in Middle Adolescence. Journal of Career Assessment, 10690727241267757.
Bubić, A., & Ivanišević, K. (2016). The Role of Emotional Stability and Competence in Young Adolescents’ Career Judgments. Journal of Career Development, 43(6), 498–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845316633779
Carli, L. L. (2001). Gender and Social Influence. Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), 725–741.
Chak-keung Wong, S., & Jing Liu, G. (2010). Will parental influences affect career choice? Evidence from hospitality and tourism management students in China. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(1), 82–102.
Chandra, Y., Rafiolla, R. H., & Adison, J. (2018). Stereotype Gender Dan Tingkat Aspirasi Karir Siswa Berjenis Kelamin Perempuan Serta Upaya Penanganan Dalam Perspektif Konseling. Proceeding IAIN Batusangkar, 1(2), Article 2.
Cheryan, S., Siy, J. O., Vichayapai, M., Drury, B. J., & Kim, S. (2011). Do Female and Male Role Models Who Embody STEM Stereotypes Hinder Women’s Anticipated Success in STEM? Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(6), 656–664.
Copping, K. E. (2011). High school students’ career aspirations: Influences of gender stereotypes, parents, and the school environment.
Dalimoenthe, I. (2021). Sosiologi gender. Bumi Aksara.
Dozan, W., & Supriadi, S. (2021). Peran Perempuan Dalam Meningkatkan Tarap Bekerja Terhadap Keluarga: Kajian Isu Gender Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an. AL-WARDAH: Jurnal Kajian Perempuan, Gender dan Agama, 15(2), 167–179.
Dunlap, S. T., & Barth, J. M. (2023). Career Identities and Gender-STEM Stereotypes: When and Why Implicit Gender-STEM Associations Emerge and How They Affect Women’s College Major Choice. Sex Roles, 89(1–2), 19–34.
Eagly, A. H. (2013). Sex differences in social behavior: A social-role interpretation. Psychology Press.
Eagly, A. H., & Koenig, A. M. (2021). The Vicious Cycle Linking Stereotypes and Social Roles. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 30(4), 343–350.
Ellis, L., Hershberger, S., Field, E., Wersinger, S., Pellis, S., Geary, D., Palmer, C., Hoyenga, K., Hetsroni, A., & Karadi, K. (2013). Sex differences: Summarizing more than a century of scientific research. Psychology Press.
Evans, A. B., Copping, K. E., Rowley, S. J., & Kurtz-Costes, B. (2011). Academic Self-concept in Black Adolescents: Do Race and Gender Stereotypes Matter? Self and Identity, 10(2), 263–277.
Fernandez, F. (2007). The effects of gender stereotype threat on female students’ math performance and the potential effects of moderating and mediating variables. State University of New York at Albany.
Gergen, K. J. (2022). An invitation to social construction: Co-creating the future.
Gray, C., & Leith, H. (2004). Perpetuating gender stereotypes in the classroom: A teacher perspective. Educational Studies, 30(1), 3–17.
Gupta, V. K., Turban, D. B., & Bhawe, N. M. (2008). The effect of gender stereotype activation on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of applied psychology, 93(5), 1053.
Halpern, D. F., Eliot, L., Bigler, R. S., Fabes, R. A., Hanish, L. D., Hyde, J., Liben, L. S., & Martin, C. L. (2011). The Pseudoscience of Single-Sex Schooling. Science, 333(6050), 1706–1707.
Hamalik, O. (2019). Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran. Bumi Aksara.
Hartung, P. J., Porfeli, E. J., & Vondracek, F. W. (2005). Child vocational development: A review and reconsideration. Journal of vocational behavior, 66(3), 385–419.
Haryati, H. (2012). Konstruktivisme bias gender dalam media massa. Observasi, 10(1).
Hassan, M., Luo, Y., Gu, J., Mushtaque, I., & Rizwan, M. (2022). Investigating the parental and media influence on gender stereotypes and young Student’s career choices in Pakistan. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 890680.
Kinanti, N. A., Syaebani, M. I., & Primadini, D. V. (2021). Stereotip Pekerjaan Berbasis Gender dalam Konteks Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen dan Usahawan Indonesia, 44(1).
Koburtay, T., Syed, J., & Haloub, R. (2019). Congruity between the female gender role and the leader role: A literature review. European Business Review, 31(6), 831–848.
Kong, L., Wang, J., & Zhang, X. (2023). How Gender Stereotypes Impact the Career Choice of High School Students. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 12, 254–265.
Latief, A. (2016). Pengaruh lingkungan sekolah terhadap hasil belajar pendidikan kewarganegaraan pada peserta didik di smk negeri paku kecamatan binuang kabupaten polewali mandar. Pepatudzu: Media Pendidikan dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan, 7(1), 13–26.
Leslie, S.-J., Cimpian, A., Meyer, M., & Freeland, E. (2015). Expectations of brilliance underlie gender distributions across academic disciplines.
Makarova, E., Aeschlimann, B., & Herzog, W. (2019). The gender gap in STEM fields: The impact of the gender stereotype of math and science on secondary students’ career aspirations. Frontiers in Education, 4, 60.
Marditama, T., Solihah, C., Fitria, L., Sandanafu, S., Yekti, S. M. P., Andriyani, W., Aridhayandi, M. R., Komalasari, Y., & Wisnujati, N. S. (2021). Women Empowerment. Zahir Publishing.
Maslikhah, M., Hapsyah, D. R., Jabbar, A. A., & Hidayat, D. R. (2019). Implementasi teori Donald E. Super pada program layanan BK karir di SMK. Ilmu dan Budaya, 41(64).
Munawaroh, F. H., & Hanafi, M. I. (2022). Manajemen Kelas. Scopindo Media Pustaka.
Nurchasana, A., Fitriana, S., & Nirmala, A. W. (2023). Analisis Peran Orang Tua Terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Karir Pada Peserta Didik SMA. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Bimbingan dan Konseling (SMAILING), 1(1), 150–158.
Oktiva Herry, C. (2010). Pemerolehan Stereotip Jender Pada Anak Usia Praoperasional - Operasi Formal. 148–154.
Palulungan, L., & Gosali, F. (2020.). Perempuan, Masyarakat Patriarki & Kesetaraan Gender.
Pavlova, M. A., Weber, S., Simoes, E., & Sokolov, A. N. (2014). Gender stereotype susceptibility. PloS one, 9(12), e114802.
Priadana, M. S., & Sunarsi, D. (2021). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Pascal Books.
Putra, A. K. (2018). Keterlibatan orang tua dalam perencanaan karir anak usia SMP di Dusun Jamburejo. Jurnal Riset Mahasiswa Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 4(9), 501–511.
Putri, A., Arifin, D., Manalu, A. W., & Cahyani, N. (2023). Implementasi Kesetaraan Gender pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. BUHUTS AL ATHFAL: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Anak Usia Dini, 3(1), 34–49.
Riswani -, & Hermansyah -. (2015). Streotipe Gender Dan Pilihan Kareer Di Kalangan Siswi Madrasah Aliyah (MA) Diniyah Puteri PekanbarU RIAU. Marwah: Jurnal Perempuan, Agama Dan Jender, 14(2), Article 2.
Ronkainen, N. J., Ryba, T. V., & Selänne, H. (2019). “She is where I’d want to be in my career”: Youth athletes’ role models and their implications for career and identity construction. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 45, 101562.
Rosyidah, F. N., & Nurwati, N. (2019). Gender dan Stereotipe: Konstruksi Realitas dalam Media Sosial Instagram. Share: Social Work Journal, 9(1), 10–19.
Rudman, L. A., & Glick, P. (2021). The social psychology of gender: How power and intimacy shape gender relations. Guilford Publications.
Soemarwoto, O. (2004). Ekologi lingkungan hidup dan pembangunan. Djambatan.
Sukardi, H. M. (2022). Metode penelitian pendidikan tindakan kelas: Implementasi dan pengembangannya. Bumi Aksara.
Sukendra, I. K., & Atmaja, I. (2020). Instrumen penelitian.
Suriani, N., Risnita, & Jailani, M. S. (2023). Konsep Populasi dan Sampling Serta Pemilihan Partisipan Ditinjau Dari Penelitian Ilmiah Pendidikan. IHSAN : Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 1(2), Article 2.
Suwanto, I., Mayasari, D., & Dhari, N. W. (2021). Analisis Peran Teman Sebaya dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Karier. Counsellia: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 11(2), 168–179.
Tabassum, N., & Nayak, B. S. (2021). Gender Stereotypes and Their Impact on Women’s Career Progressions from a Managerial Perspective. IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review, 10(2), 192–208.
Thorne, B. (2024). Gender Play: Boys and Girls in School. Rutgers University Press.
Tzu-Ling, H. (2019). Gender differences in high-school learning experiences, motivation, self-efficacy, and career aspirations among Taiwanese STEM college students. International Journal of Science Education, 41(13), 1870–1884.
Unaradjan, D. D. (2019). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Penerbit Unika Atma Jaya Jakarta.
Utami, T. R. (2024). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pilihan Karir Siswa: Pendekatan Kualitatif Dalam Konteks Pendidikan Menengah Atas. Educatus, 2(2), 34–40.
Wang, M.-T., & Degol, J. L. (2017). Gender Gap in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM): Current Knowledge, Implications for Practice, Policy, and Future Directions. Educational Psychology Review, 29(1), 119–140.
Waruwu, M. (2023). Pendekatan Penelitian Pendidikan: Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Metode Penelitian Kombinasi (Mixed Method). Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(1), 2896–2910.
Widyani, A. (2022). Analisis Stereotip Gender Dalam Pemilihan Karir (Studi Kasus Pada Siswi SMPN 1 Pallangga).
Women in leadership: Why it matters. Catalyst Report. (2020). The Rockefeller Foundation.
Yoel, S. R., & Dori, Y. J. (2021). FIRST high-school students and FIRST graduates: STEM exposure and career choices. IEEE Transactions on Education, 65(2), 167–176.
Yunus, N. M., Zainudin, Z. N., Mohamad, Y., Yusop, W. N. W. O., Engku, E. M., & Kamarudin, M. A. (2024). Understanding Career Decision-Making: Influencing Factors and Application of Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory.
Zahrani, A., & Jannah, A. H. (2024). Dampak Lingkungan Sosial Ekonomi dalam Pembentukan Karir: Analisis Sesuai Teori Krumboltz. RISOMA: Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan, 2(6), 54–67.
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2024-12-09
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