KINERJA BANK DI INDONESIA DI TENGAH PERUBAHAN EKONOMI DENGAN COVID 19 SEBAGAI FAKTOR MODERASI: ANALISIS DAMPAK BI RATE, PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, DANA PIHAK KETIGA, DAN STRUKTUR ASET DENGAN PERAN COVID-19

Authors

Yosafat Hardjono Universitas Pelita Harapan

DOI:

Keywords:

Profitabilitas bank, BI Rate, Dana Pihak Ketiga, Struktur Aset, Covid-19.

Abstract

Analisia dalam penelitian ini menilai dampak faktor makroekonomi dan likuiditas perbankan terhadap profitabilitas bank yang direpresentasikan melalui Return on Asset (ROA) di Indonesia, dengan fokus peran moderasi pandemi Covid-19. Menggunakan pendekatan data panel yang tidak seimbang, penelitian ini menganalisis 46 bank yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BE) selama periode 2015-2024. Variabel independen yang digunakan yaitu BI Rate, pertumbuhan ekonomi, Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK), dan struktur aset, sementara variabel moderasinya yaitu Covid-19. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa BI Rate memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ROA selama periode Covid-19 yang mengindikasikan bahwa kebijakan suku bunga yang rendah membantu bank menurunkan cost of fund dan dapat mempertahankan margin keuntungan bank. Sebaliknya, DPK menunjukan pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap ROA selama pandemi, karena peningkatan likuiditas tidak sepenuhnya tersalurkan menjadi kredit produktif sehingga efisiensi penggunaan aset menurun. Selain itu, meningkatnya risiko kredit selama pandemi mendorong bank untuk meningkatkan pencadangan yang berdampak pada menurunnya profitabilitas bank. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya strategi pengelolaan likuiditas dan risiko yang efektif dalam menjaga kinerja perbankan selama krisis ekonomi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar bank mengoptimalkan alokasi dana serta regulator memastikan kebijakan moneter tidak hanya mendukung likuiditas, tetapi juga distribusi kredit yang produktif guna menjaga stabilitas keuangan jangka panjang.

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