ANALISIS FAKTOR KUNCI PARTISIPASI KOMUNITAS DALAM MENENTUKAN KEBERLANJUTAN FESTIVAL BUDAYA DI INDONESIA

Authors

Tazkia Qurrota 'Aini Universitas Airlangga
Bambang Suharto Universitas Airlangga

DOI:

Keywords:

Festival Berkelanjutan, Partisipasi Komunitas, Keberlanjutan Sosial, Pemberdayaan Komunitas, Perampasan Budaya

Abstract

Festival budaya telah berkembang menjadi instrumen strategis dalam penguatan identitas lokal dan kohesi sosial. Namun, keberlanjutan festival seringkali terhambat oleh praktik tata kelola yang bersifat top-down dan partisipasi komunitas yang semu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor kunci partisipasi komunitas yang menentukan keberlanjutan festival budaya di Indonesia melalui sebuah kajian pustaka (Literature Review). Penelitian ini menelaah berbagai artikel jurnal bereputasi dari basis data nasional dan internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya sebuah spektrum hasil partisipasi yang membentang dari pemberdayaan (empowerment) yang sinergis hingga perampasan (appropriation) yang ditandai oleh konflik dan marginalisasi. Posisi festival dalam spektrum ini ditentukan oleh interaksi dari empat klaster faktor kunci: tata kelola festival, pemanfaatan modal sosial dan budaya, mekanisme pemberdayaan, dan kualitas relasi antar-stakeholder. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pilar sosial merupakan fondasi fundamental bagi keberlanjutan festival, sekaligus memberikan implikasi praktis bagi para pemangku kepentingan untuk merancang festival yang lebih inklusif dan adil.

References

Adongo, R., Kim, S. S., & Kim, I. (2018). Festival stakeholders’ perceptions of their legitimacy, power and urgency: A sustainable festival framework. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(2), 218–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1514042

Ali, M., Suharto, B., Maulidy, R. A., Lestari, N. P., & Laksmi, D. A. (2023). Jember Fashion Carnaval: A model of sustainable cultural festival through community participation. Journal of Cultural Studies, 15(1), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.33153/brikolase.v15i2.5513

Andersson, T. D., & Getz, D. (2008). Stakeholder management strategies of festivals. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 9(3), 199–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/15470140802323801

Anjani, F. (2025). Collaborative governance in cultural festivals: A case study of Kampung Cempluk. Indonesian Journal of Cultural Policy, 12(2), 77–95. https://ojs.ruangpublikasi.com/index.php/jpim/article/view/434

Arcodia, C., & Whitford, M. (2006). Festival attendance and the development of social capital. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 8(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1300/J452v08n02_01

Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366908977225

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Crespi-Vallbona, M., & Richards, G. (2007). The meaning of cultural festivals. Event Management, 11(1–2), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599508783943262

Das, P., Mandal, S., Nedungadi, P., & Raman, R. (2025). Unveiling sustainable tourism themes with machine learning based topic modeling. Discover Sustainability, 6, 280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01065-4

Duran, E., Hamarat, B., & Özkul, E. (2014). A sustainable festival management model: The case of International Troia Festival. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(2), 173–193. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-04-2013-0017

Habib, M. H., Hasibuan, H. S., & Kurniawan, K. R. (2023). Cultural space as sustainability indicator for development planning (Case study in Jakarta coastal area). Sustainability, 15(17), 13125. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151713125

Jepson, A. S., & Clarke, A. (2011). Power and hegemony within a community festival. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 2(1), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.1108/17582951111116588

Mair, J. & Laing, J. (2012). The greening of music festivals: Motivations, barriers and outcomes. Applying the Mair and Jago model. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(5), 683-700. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.636819

Novianti, W., Noegroho, A., Yamin, M., Lotulung, L. J. H., & Desmiwati, D. (2025). Comparative study of the utilization of social media by indigenous religious organizations in Indonesia. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 25(2), 30–45. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v25i2.1032

Nursaid, D., Muhadli, R. A., & Zurinani, S. (2022). Ganenan, Pawon, dan Dieng Culture Festival: Media Interaksi dan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pariwisata Dieng. SBN: Jurnal Studi Budaya Nusantara, 6(2), 123-144. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.sbn.2022.006.02.05

Póvoa, R. (2023). Alter do Chão Film Festival and the politics of cultural appropriation in Brazil. Cultural Studies Review, 29(2), 57–75.

Robinson, Picard. (2006). Festivals, tourism and social change: Remaking worlds.

Rumanti, A. A., Daryanto, Y., Amelia, M., Rizaldi, A. S., Zulkarnain, I., & Andrawina, L. (2025). The role of organizational and stakeholder factors in strengthening digital literacy and communication for edu-tourism. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 11, 100618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2025.100618

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039

Stevenson, N. (2016). Local festivals, social capital and sustainable destination development: Experiences in East London. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(7), 990–1006. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1128943

Undianaï, N. N., Abdullah, A., Agustini, H., & Wirakusumah, T. K. (2025). Identity of the National Film Festival in Indonesia. Revista Guillermo de Ockham, 23(1), 157–173. https://doi.org/10.21500/22563202.7068

Van Niekerk, M. (2016). Applicability and usefulness of the stakeholder strategy matrix for festival management. Event Management, 20(2), 165–179. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599516X14610017108666

Wilks, L., & Quinn, B. (2016). Performing community: The place of music festivals in local and regional communities. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 26(1), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2224

Yolal, M., Gursoy, D., Uysal, M., Kim, H., & Karacaoglu, S. (2016). Impacts of festivals and events on residents’ well-being. Event Management, 20(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599516X14538326025039

Zou, Yongguang & Meng, Fang & Bi, Jian & Zhang, Qing. (2021). Evaluating sustainability of cultural festival tourism: From the perspective of ecological niche. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 48, 191-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.06.009