ANALISA DAMPAK EMPLOYEE CYNICISM DAN WORKPLACE OSTRACISM TERHADAP COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOR SERTA PERAN EMPOWERING LEADERSHIP SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI

Authors

Andiny Fitri Salsabila Universitas Ciputra Surabaya
Teofilus Teofilus Universitas Ciputra Surabaya

DOI:

Keywords:

Employee Cynicism, Workplace Ostracism, Counterproductive Work Behavior, Empowering Leadership, Industri Pendidikan, Indonesia, Pengelolaan Karyawan

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis dampak Employee cynicism dan workplace ostracism terhadap Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB) di Institusi X, serta peran empowering leadership sebagai variabel moderasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sinisme karyawan dan pengucilan di tempat kerja meningkatkan CWB, yang merugikan produktivitas dan kesejahteraan organisasi. Empowering leadership, dengan memberikan wewenang, dukungan, dan motivasi, mampu mengurangi dampak negatif sinisme dan pengucilan, serta meningkatkan keterlibatan dan kesejahteraan karyawan. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui survei pekerja di instansi pendidikan, memberikan wawasan berharga bagi pengelolaan karyawan di industri pendidikan Indonesia.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode MRA (Moderated Regression Analysis), Hasil menunjukkan EC berpengaruh signifikan terhadap CWB (β=0,307, t=4,538, p<0,05) dan WO juga signifikan terhadap CWB (t=2,325, p<0,05). Interaksi EL dan EC tidak signifikan terhadap CWB, namun peran potensial EL dalam memoderasi hubungan EC dengan CWB perlu dipertimbangkan. Interaksi EL dan WO menunjukkan kecenderungan hampir signifikan terhadap CWB (p=0,060). Persepsi karyawan terhadap CWB bervariasi berdasarkan lama waktu bekerja, dengan karyawan berpengalaman mungkin memiliki pandangan berbeda dibandingkan karyawan baru. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya disarankan untuk memperluas cakupan penelitian dengan lebih banyak variabel yang mempengaruhi CWB dan menguji peran variabel moderasi lainnya.

References

Amundsen, S., & Martinsen, Ø. L. (2014). Self–Other Agreement in Empowering Leadership: Relationships with Leader Effectiveness And Subordinates’ Job Satisfaction And Turnover Intention. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(4), 784–800.

Andersson, L. M. (1996). Employee Cynicism: An Examination Using a Contract Violation Framework. Human Relations, 49(11), 1395–1418.

Aslam, R., Shumaila, S., Azhar, M., & Sadaqat, S. (2011). Work-Family Conflicts: Relationship between Work-Life Conflict and Employee Retention–A Comparative Study of Public and Private Sector Employees. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business, 1(2), 18–29.

Attaullah, M., & Afsar, B. (2021). Workplace Ostracism and Counterproductive Work Behaviors in The Healthcare Sector: A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Job Stress and Emotional Intelligence. Dynamic Relationships Management Journal, 10(1), 73–92.

Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a Measure of Workplace Deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 349–360.

Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2003). The Past, Present, and Future of Workplace Deviance Research. University of Central Florida.

Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. Wiley.

Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (1993). The Practice of Nursing Research: Conduct, Critique and Utilization (2nd ed.). Saunders.

Chen, Y., & Li, S. (2020). Relationship Between Workplace Ostracism and Unsafe Behaviors: The Mediating Effect of Psychological Detachment and Emotional Exhaustion. Psychological Reports, 123(2), 488–516.

Chen, Z., Poon, K. T., DeWall, C. N., & Jiang, T. (2020). Life Lacks Meaning Without Acceptance: Ostracism Triggers Suicidal Thoughts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(6), 1423.

Chrisanty, F. N., Gunawan, M. S., Wijayanti, R. W., & Soetjipto, B. W. (2021). The Role of Transformational Entrepreneurship, Readiness to Change and Counterproductive Work Behavior in Enhancing Employee Performance. Organizacija, 54(1), 63–81.

Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The Empowerment Process:Integrating Theory and Practice. The Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 471–482.

Conte, J. M., Aasen, B., Jacobson, C., O’Loughlin, C., & Toroslu, L. (2019). Investigating Relationships Among Polychronicity, Work-family Conflict, Job Satisfaction, and Work Engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 34(7), 459–473.

Danim, S. (2007). Motivasi Kepemimpinan & Efektivitas Kelompok. Rineka Cipta.

De Clercq, D., Haq, I. U., & Azeem, M. U. (2019). Time-related Work Stress and Counterproductive Work Behavior: Invigorating Roles of Deviant Personality Traits. Personnel Review, 48(7), 1756–1781.

Dean, J. W., Brandes, P., & Dharwadkar, R. (1998). Organizational Cynicism. The Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 341–352.

Dong, Y., Seo, M. G., & Bartol, K. M. (2014). Affect-based Model of Developmental Job Experience No Pain , No Gain : An Affect-based Model of Developmental Job Experience and the Buffering Effects of Emotional Intelligence Department of Management University of Connecticut School of Business Myeong-G. Academy of Management Journal, 57(4), 1056–1077.

Emerson, R. M. (1976). Social Exchange Theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 2, 335–362.

Faheem, M. A. (2017). The Effects Of Workplace Incivility And Deviance On Turnover Intention And Job Performance Among Nurses In Pakistan. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

Ferris, D. L., Brown, D. J., Berry, J. W., & Lian, H. (2008). The Development and Validation of the Workplace Ostracism Scale. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1348.

George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference 11.0 Update. Allyn & Bacon.

Ghozali, I. (2021). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 26. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Griep, Y., Hansen, S. D., & Kraak, J. M. (2023). Perceived Identity Threat and Organizational Cynicism in The Recursive Relationship Between Psychological Contract Breach and Counterproductive Work Behavior. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 44(2), 351–384. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X211070326

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Hargreaves, A., & Fullan, M. (2020). Professional Capital After The Pandemic: Revisiting and Revising Classic Understandings of Teachers’ Work. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 5(3/4), 327–336.

Huy, Q. N. (2002). Emotional Balancing of Organizational Continuity and Radical Change: The Contribution of Middle Manager. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47(1), 31–69.

Indrayani, H., & Sunarto. (2019). Fandom : Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran 3.0 untuk Melanggengkan Fantasi Nasionalisme melalui Olahraga.Bricolage, 5(1), 15–30.

Iverson, R. D., Olekalns, M., & Erwin, P. J. (1998). Affectivity, Organizational Stressors, and Absenteeism: A Causal Model of Burnout and Its Consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 52(1), 1–23.

Kim, S. M., & Jo, S. J. (2024). An Examination of the Effects of Job Insecurity on Counterproductive Work Behavior Through Organizational Cynicism: Moderating Roles of Perceived Organizational Support and Quality of Leader-Member Exchange. Psychological Reports, 127(2), 957–993.

Kirkman, B. L., & Rosen, B. (1999). Beyond Self-Management: Antecedents and Consequences of Team Empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 42(1), 58–74.

Konczak, L. J., Stelly, D. J., & Trusty, M. L. (2000). Defining and Measuring Empowering Leader Behaviors: Development of an Upward Feedback Instrument. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60(2), 301– 313.

Koo, T. K., & Li, M. Y. (2016). A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 15(2), 155–163.

Li, S., & Chen, Y. (2018). The Relationship Between Psychological Contract Breach and Employees’ Counterproductive Work Behaviors: The Mediating Effect of Organizational Cynicism and Work Alienation. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 377154.

Liljequist, D., Elfving, B., & Skavberg Roaldsen, K. (2019). Intraclass Correlation–A Discussion and Demonstration of Basic Features. PloS One, 14(7).

Memon, M. A., Cheah, J. H., Ramayah, T., Ting, H., Chuah, F., & Cham, T. H. (2019). Moderation Analysis: Issues and Guidelines. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, 3(1), 1–11.

Neves, P. (2012). Organizational Cynicism: Spillover Effects on Supervisor– subordinate Relationships and Performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(5), 965–976.

Nurdin, I., & Hartati, S. (2019). Metodologi Penelitian Sosial. Media Sahabat Cendikia.

Nurfianti, A., & Handoyo, S. (2013). Hubungan Antara Keadilan Distributif dan Perilaku Kerja Kontraproduktif dengan Mengontrol Leader Member Exchange (LMX). Jurnal Psikologi Industri Dan Organisasi, 2(3), 183– 190.

O’Reilly, J., Robinson, S. L., Berdahl, J. L., & Banki, S. (2015). Is Negative Attention Better Than No Attention? The Comparative Effects of Ostracism and Harassment at Work. Organization Science, 26(3), 774– 793.

Ong, J. E. L. (2022). Workplace Ostracism And Banking Employees’ Counterproductive Work Behavior In The Malaysian Banking Sector. International Journal of Management Studies, 29(2), 23–44.

Oreg, S., & Berson, Y. (2011). Leadership and Employees’ Reactions to Change: The Role of Leaders’ Personal Attributes and Transformational Leadership Style. Personnel Psychology, 64(3), 627–659.

Özler, D. E., & Atalay, C. G. (2011). A Research to Determine The Relationship Between Organizational Cynicism and Burnout Levels of Employees in Health Sector. Business and Management Review, 1(4), 26–38.

Park, J. H., & Ono, M. (2017). Effects of Workplace Bullying on Work Engagement and Health: The Mediating Role of Job Insecurity. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(22), 3202– 3225.

Puspita, A., & Zakiy, M. (2020). Aspek Keadilan Organisasi dan Deviant Workplace Behavior Karyawan. Equilibrium: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 8(1), 41–62.

Rayan, A. R., Aly, N. A., & Abdelgalel, A. M. (2018). Organizational Cynicism and Counterproductive Work Behaviors: An Empirical Study. European Journal of Business and Management, 10(27), 70–79.

Redmond, M. (2016). Social Exchange Theory. Iowa State University.

Sackett, P. R., Berry, C. M., Wiemann, S. A., & Laczo, R. M. (2006). Citizenship and Counterproductive Behavior: Clarifying Relations Between the Two Domains. Human Performance, 19(4), 441–464.

Saunders, M., Lewis, P. T., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research Methods for Business Students. Pearson Education.

Shamaki, E. B. (2015). Influence of Leadership Style on Teacher’s Job Productivity in Public Secondary Schools in Taraba State. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(10), 200–203.

Sharma, N., & Dhar, R. L. (2022). From Curse to Cure of Workplace Ostracism: A Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 32(3), 100836.

Sliter, M., Jex, S., Wolford, K., & McInnerney, J. (2010). How Rude! Emotional Labor as A Mediator Between Customer Incivility and Employee Outcomes. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(4), 468.

Spector, P. E., Fox, S., Goh, A. P. S., & Bruursema, K. (2003). Counterproductive Work Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Are They Opposites. Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology.

Sprecher, S. (1998). Social Exchange Theories and Sexuality. Journal of Sex Research, 35(1), 32–43.

Stoll, L., & Louis, K. S. (2007). Professional Learning Communities: Divergence, Depth and Dilemmas. McGraw Hill.

Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Thompson, M. J., Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., & Vogel, R. M. (2020). The Cost of Being Ignored: Emotional Exhaustion in the Work and Family Domains. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(2), 186.

Wong, C. A., & Laschinger, H. K. S. (2015). The Influence of Frontline Manager Job Strain on Burnout, Commitment and Turnover Intention: A Cross-sectional Study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52(12), 1824–1833.

Yan, Y., Zhou, E., Long, L., & Ji, Y. (2014). The Influence of Workplace Ostracism on Counterproductive Work Behavior: The Mediating Effect of State Self-Control. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 42(6), 881–890.

Zahoor, I., Malik, N. I., & Atta, M. (2019). Relationship between Job Insecurity, Workplace Incivility and Counterproductive Work Behaviors among Employees: Role of Work Family Conflict. Foundation University Journal of Psychology, 3(2).

Zhu, Y., & Zhang, D. (2021). Workplace Ostracism and Counterproductive Work Behaviors: The Chain Mediating Role of Anger and Turnover Intention. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 761560.