EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF THE EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS OF INDONESIAN WOOD PRODUCTS USING RCA, RSCA, EPD, AND HYPOTHESIS TESTING (INDEPENDENT T-TEST), 2015–2024

Latifa Salma Luva Poerawidjaja; Tria  Apriliana

doi:10.31539/amx10620

Authors

Latifa Salma Luva Poerawidjaja Universitas Widyatama
Tria Apriliana Universitas Widyatama

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31539/amx10620

Keywords:

Ekspor, Daya Saing Ekspor, Produk Kayu, RCA, RSCA, EPD, Independent T-Test

Abstract

The forestry sector is one of the pillars of Indonesia’s non-oil and gas exports, yet the export performance of plywood (HS 4412) fluctuated sharply during 2015–2024. This study evaluates the export competitiveness of Indonesian wood products in the global market and compares it with China and Vietnam. A descriptive quantitative approach is applied using three indicators, namely the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), and Export Product Dynamics (EPD), complemented by a comparison of export values through the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Levene’s homogeneity test, and the independent sample t-test. Annual secondary data were obtained from ITC Trade Map, UN Comtrade, and BPS. The results show that Indonesia holds the highest comparative advantage, with an average RCA of 12.39 and RSCA of 0.846, although both decline gradually, while Vietnam strengthens consistently. The EPD analysis places Indonesia predominantly in the Retreat category and in the Lost Opportunity position in 2024, unlike China and Vietnam, which reach Rising Star. The t-test confirms that Indonesia’s export value differs significantly: lower than China but higher than Vietnam (sig. 0.000). Strengthening national certification, downstream processing, and market diversification are the main recommendations to maintain Indonesia’s position.

References

[1] L. Bai dan L. Yu. 2026. Analysis and Impacts of International Trade Policies: Trends, Influencing Factors, and China’s Strategic Choices in a Changing Global Economic Landscape. Economics & Business Management 4(2): 12.

[2] Z. Chen. 2022. Research on International Trade Theory and the Status Quo of World International Trade. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management 12(6): 1079–1087.

[3] I.N. Kallianiotis. 2026. Ethics in International Trade. Journal of Applied Finance & Banking 16(2): 1.

[4] R.I. Saraswati, Harianto, dan A. Rifin. 2023. Factors Affecting Forest Product Exports. Jurnal Manajemen dan Agribisnis 20(1): 22.

[5] A.S. Bhaskhara. 2020. Analisis Ekspor Kayu Lapis Indonesia. Skripsi. Universitas Islam Indonesia. Yogyakarta.

[6] A.E. Sihombing, A. Widayatsari, dan M. Rizwan. 2025. Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Biji Kopi Hijau Indonesia di Pasar Internasional Tahun 2014–2023. JIEMAS: Jurnal Manajemen dan Syariah 4(1): 40–50.

[7] E.Y. Utami, A.P. Pratama, I.D. Destiana, I. Muslim, dan K. Wulandari. 2025. Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Tekstil Indonesia ke AS Menggunakan Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA). Jurnal Perdagangan Internasional 3(1).

[8] L. Jones dan E. Bethmann. 2023. Approaches of Measuring Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA): Literature Review. U.S. International Trade Commission. Washington, D.C.

[9] H. Ikasari. 2024. Dynamic Competitiveness of Indonesian Commodities in Major Export Destination. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan 16(1): 1.

[10] S. Halimah, M. Duskri, dan R. Afriyandani. 2025. Uji Hipotesis dalam Penelitian Kuantitatif. Journal of Innovative and Creativity 5(2).

[11] S. Muliana, R. Ramadhani, C. Auliani, A. Rusli, M.N. Wulandari, H. Setyowati, dan A. Syafi. 2025. Analisis Data dalam Pendidikan: Memahami Konsep Homogenitas, Normalitas dan Pengujiannya untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran. Teaching and Learning Research Journal 5(1).

[12] M. Rustiadini dan T. Novianti. 2025. Comparison of Plywood Export Competitiveness of Indonesia and China in The ASEAN+3 Market and Its Influencing Factors. Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis 22(1): 79.

[13] I. Puruwita dan S.I. Oktora. 2019. Exports and Competitiveness of Indonesian Plywood. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research (ICOT) 13(2).

[14] K. Anindya dan Budyanra. 2024. Analisis Daya Saing dan Determinan Ekspor Kerajinan Kayu Indonesia Tahun 2011–2021. Skripsi. Universitas Indonesia. Depok.

[15] B. Prayitno dan R.F. Widyawati. 2021. Analisis Daya Saing Minyak Kelapa Sawit Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis 20(1).

[16] R.R. Elvierayani, S.I. Dzikriah, R.D. Arifani, dan R. Afriyandani. 2021. Uji Beda Ekspor dan Impor Indonesia–China Sebelum dan Sesudah Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Sains Sosio Humaniora 5(2).

[17] D.A. Anggraeni dan W. Budiarti. 2023. Analisis Revealed Comparative Advantage dan Export Product Dynamic Komoditas Lada Indonesia dan Vietnam. Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia 11(1): 1–12.