ANALISIS DAYA SAING EKSPOR LADA INDONESIA DENGAN VIETNAM DAN MALAYSIA DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL: RCA, RSCA, DAN EPD PERIODE 2015 – 2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31539/vxn7yg11Keywords:
Daya Saing Ekspor, Lada, RCA, RSCA, EPD, Indonesia, Vietnam, MalaysiaAbstract
Lada (Piper nigrum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas rempah bernilai dagang tertinggi di dunia, namun pangsa pasar ekspor lada utuh (HS 090411) Indonesia menurun dari 17,57% pada 2015 ke titik terendah 7,07% pada 2023 sebelum pulih ke 13,13% pada 2024, di tengah dominasi Vietnam dan ekspansi Brasil. Penelitian ini menganalisis dan membandingkan daya saing ekspor lada utuh Indonesia dengan Vietnam dan Malaysia selama 2015-2024. Pendekatan yang digunakan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan tiga instrumen yang saling melengkapi, yaitu Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), dan Export Product Dynamics (EPD), berbasis data Trade Map ITC. Secara statis ketiga negara berkeunggulan komparatif, dengan rata-rata RCA Vietnam 32,08, Indonesia 12,03, dan Malaysia 1,84, serta rata-rata RSCA berturut-turut 0,938, 0,831, dan 0,242. Analisis EPD dua fase menempatkan Indonesia pada Lost Opportunity (2015-2019) lalu Rising Star (2020-2024), sedangkan Vietnam dan Malaysia bergeser menuju Falling Star. Uji sensitivitas menunjukkan status Rising Star Indonesia rapuh karena hampir seluruhnya ditopang lonjakan 2024 (+85,73%). Indonesia masih kuat secara komparatif tetapi rentan secara struktural karena keunggulannya belum ditopang produktivitas dan nilai tambah yang memadai.
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