DETERMINAN KINERJA PACKAGING CKD EKSPOR BERBASIS KPI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31539/8vcrrs55Keywords:
Key Performance Indicators, Safety, Quality, Productivity, Cost, Container Efficiency, Employee Attendance, Employee Idea Suggestion, Kinerja Packaging CKD Ekspor.Abstract
This study examines the determinants of CKD export packaging performance based on process Key Performance Indicators in an automotive manufacturing company. The study used secondary monthly operational data from April 2020 to March 2025, resulting in 60 observations. The analyzed variables include Safety, Quality, Productivity, Cost, Container Efficiency, Employee Attendance, and Employee Idea Suggestion. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling with WarpPLS. The results show that Cost is the most dominant determinant and has a positive significant effect on CKD export packaging performance. Employee Attendance also has a positive significant effect, indicating the importance of workforce stability in maintaining output realization. Productivity shows a marginal positive effect, while Safety and Quality function as baseline requirements. Container Efficiency shows a marginal negative relationship, indicating a potential trade-off between load density and process stability. Employee Idea Suggestion has a negative significant effect in the same period, suggesting short-term disruption, trial, adjustment, and learning-curve effects. The study concludes that CKD export packaging performance is mainly driven by cost efficiency and attendance stability.
References
Ahmad, S., Utomo, D. S., Dadhich, P., & Greening, P. (2022). Packaging design, fill rate and road freight decarbonisation: A literature review and a future research agenda. Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain, 4, 100066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clscn.2022.100066
Bos-Nehles, A., Townsend, K., Cafferkey, K., & Trullen, J. (2023). Examining the ability, motivation and opportunity (AMO) framework in HRM research: Conceptualization, measurement and interactions. International Journal of Management Reviews, 25(4), 725–739. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12332
Bukchin, Y., & Cohen, Y. (2013). Minimising throughput loss in assembly lines due to absenteeism and turnover via work-sharing. International Journal of Production Research, 51(20), 6140–6151. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2013.807374
Christopher, M. (2016). Logistics & supply chain management. Pearson Education.
Cildoz, M., Mateo, P. M., Alonso, M. T., Parreño, F., Alvarez-Valdes, R., & Mallor, F. (2024). The optimal container selection problem for parts transportation in the automotive sector. Expert Systems with Applications, 247, 123321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.123321
Elger, D. (2007). Theory of performance. Faculty Development Series, 11–14.
Franken, J. C. M., van Dun, D. H., & Wilderom, C. P. M. (2025). Kaizen event process factors for operational performance improvement: An archival study. Production Planning & Control, 36(10), 1315–1329. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2024.2358402
García-Arca, J., Garrido, A., & Prado-Prado, J. (2017). Sustainable packaging logistics: The link between sustainability and competitiveness in supply chains. Sustainability, 9(7), 1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071098
Goetsch, D. L. (2015). Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers. Pearson Education.
Habib, M. A., Rizvan, R., & Ahmed, S. (2023). Implementing lean manufacturing for improvement of operational performance in a labeling and packaging plant: A case study in Bangladesh. Results in Engineering, 17, 100818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100818
Heizer, J., Render, B., & Munson, C. (2017). Operations management: Sustainability and supply chain management. Pearson.
Horngren, C. T., Datar, S. M., & Rajan, M. V. (2015). Cost accounting: A managerial emphasis. Pearson.
Inman, R. R., & Blumenfeld, D. E. (2010). Assembly line team sizing with absenteeism. International Journal of Production Research, 48(22), 6537–6558. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540903067169
Iwao, S., & Marinov, M. (2018). Linking continuous improvement to manufacturing performance. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 25(5), 1319–1332. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-06-2015-0061
Juran, J. M., & Godfrey, A. B. (1998). Juran’s quality handbook (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Kagan, R., & Krzos, G. (2021). Economic efficiency of employee suggestion systems in manufacturing enterprises. Journal of Innovation and Business Best Practice, 2021, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5171/2021.936440
Kamble, S. S., Gunasekaran, A., Ghadge, A., & Raut, R. (2020). A performance measurement system for Industry 4.0 enabled smart manufacturing system in SMMEs: A review and empirical investigation. International Journal of Production Economics, 229, 107853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107853
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1996). The balanced scorecard: Translating strategy into action. Harvard Business School Press.
Kock, N., & Hadaya, P. (2018). Minimum sample size estimation in PLS-SEM: The inverse square root and gamma-exponential methods. Information Systems Journal, 28(1), 227–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12131
Lasrado, F., Gomiscek, B., & Uzbeck, C. (2017). Effectiveness of employee suggestion schemes: From critical success factors to outcomes. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 9(1), 120–136. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQSS-08-2016-0058
Matyi, H., & Tamás, P. (2023). An innovative framework for quality assurance in logistics packaging. Logistics, 7(4), 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7040082
Miguel Da Cruz, M., Goyannes, R., Caiado, G., & Santos, R. S. (2022). Industrial packaging performance indicator using a group multicriteria approach: An automaker reverse operations case. Logistics, 6(3), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics6030059
Mutegi, T. M., Joshua, P. M., & Kinyua, J. M. (2023). Workplace safety and employee productivity of manufacturing firms in Kenya. Cogent Business & Management, 10(2), 2215569. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2215569
Ostrowski, D., & Jagodziński, J. (2021). Operation of an employee suggestion system in administration and production departments of a remanufacturing company. Journal of Remanufacturing, 11(2), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13243-020-00095-7
Pilati, F., Faccio, M., & Cohen, Y. (2021). Absenteeism and turnover as motivation factors for segmenting assembly lines. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 54(1), 613–616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.08.172
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2024). Organizational behavior. Pearson Education.
Salvadorinho, J., Pintor, P., Bastos, T., & Teixeira, L. (2024). DisneyHint: Lean and coaching-based employee suggestion system for the human challenges of Industry 4.0. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 17(2), 516–539. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.6314
Senza Maulina, D., Prahiawan, W., & Mumtazah, L. (2024). The effect of employee absenteeism and turnover on innovation and organizational performance. Wastu: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 5(2), 142–154.
Sholihin, M., & Ratmono, D. (2021). Analisis SEM-PLS dengan WarpPLS 7.0 untuk hubungan nonlinier dalam penelitian sosial dan bisnis. Andi.
Silva, N., & Pålsson, H. (2022). Industrial packaging and its impact on sustainability and circular economy: A systematic literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 333, 130165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130165
Sugihartanto, M. F., Hanoum, S., Basoeki, N., Tiryakioglu, E., & Ferrier, C. (2021). Improving packaging logistics system: A study case of camembert cheese. Jurnal Sosial Humaniora, 14(1), 1–10.
Sugiyono. (2013). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Supriyanto Dewi, G., & Nadiyah, K. (2022). Productivity analysis using the multi factor productivity measurement model (MFPMM) as an effort to increase competitiveness: Case study WL Aluminium Yogyakarta. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Halal Industries, 3(2), 90–97.
Syafiudin, M., Putra, B. I., Jakaria, R. B., & Sukmono, T. (2022). Productivity measurement analysis using multi factor productivity measurement model (MFPMM) at PT. Primabox Adiperkasa. Procedia of Engineering and Life Science, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.21070/pels.v2i2.1250
Tutko, M. (2023). Employee suggestion system in the manufacturing company: An example of implementation at the steel plant. Problemy Jakości, 55(5), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.15199/46.2023.5.3
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Damay Setiawan, Abdullah Rakhman

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

