RENEWABLE ENERGY DIRECTIVE II AS A NON‑TARIFF TRADE BARRIER TO INDONESIAN CRUDE PALM OIL EXPORTS TO THE EUROPEAN UNION IN 2020–2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31539/0pdm5176Keywords:
Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II); hambatan non-tarif; Crude Palm Oil (CPO); standar keberlanjutan; Uni Eropa.Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II) Uni Eropa berfungsi sebagai hambatan non-tarif terhadap ekspor Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Indonesia pada periode 2020–2024. Analisis difokuskan pada empat mekanisme keberlanjutan, yaitu greenhouse gas emission savings, sustainability criteria, klasifikasi High Indirect Land Use Change (High ILUC-risk), serta certification dan traceability. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi literatur, meliputi regulasi Uni Eropa, dokumen pemerintah, laporan resmi, artikel ilmiah, dan statistik perdagangan internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa RED II membentuk hambatan non-tarif melalui peningkatan persyaratan teknis dan administratif yang berdampak pada biaya kepatuhan serta kompleksitas akses pasar bagi eksportir CPO Indonesia. Meskipun ekspor CPO Indonesia ke Uni Eropa mengalami penurunan selama periode penelitian, kondisi tersebut tidak sepenuhnya disebabkan oleh RED II, tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh pandemi COVID-19, fluktuasi harga minyak nabati global, dan kebijakan pembatasan ekspor Indonesia pada tahun 2022. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa RED II membatasi akses pasar melalui mekanisme keberlanjutan yang secara kumulatif memengaruhi daya saing ekspor CPO Indonesia di Uni Eropa.
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