Analisis Peningkatan Performa Dosen Menggunakan Konsep Job Demand-Control Support
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of work stress which includes role conflict and workload on employee performance, especially at university lecturers in Banten. Respondents in this study were 106 lecturers from 13 universities in Banten. Data analysis using multiple linear regression with the help of the SPSS 20 program. The results of this study indicate that workload has a negative and significant effect on employee performance, but role conflict has a negative and not significant effect on employee performance. Simultaneously, role conflict and workload have a significant effect on employee performance. The implication of this research is expected to provide information and input to relevant institutions (university leaders), especially universities in Banten in their efforts to minimize the impact of negative work stress on employee performance.
References
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Ahmed, A. & Ramzan, M. (2013). “Effects of Job Stress on Employees Job Performance A Study on Banking Sector of Pakistanâ€. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 11 (6), 61-68.
Ali, W. U., Raheem, A. R., Nawaz, A., & Imamuddin, K. (2014). “Impact of Stress on Job Performance: An Empirical Study of the Employees of Private Sectore Universities of Karachi, Pakistanâ€. Research Journal of Management Sciences, 3 (7), 14-17.
Alves, M. G. D. M., Chor, D., Faerstein, E., Lopes, C. D. S. & Werneck, G. L. (2004). “Short Version of the "Job Stress Scale": A Portuguese-Language Adaptationâ€. Rev Saude Publica, 38 (3), 1-7.
Amilin, A. (2017). "The Impact of Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity on Accountants' Performance: The Moderating Effect of Emotional Quotient". European Research Studies Journal, 20, 237-249.
Anshori, M., & Iswati, S. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif. Airlangga University Press, Surabaya: Indonesia.
Arshadi, N., & Damiri, H. (2013). “The Relationship of Job Stress with Turnover Intention and Job Performance: Moderating Role of OBSEâ€. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84 (9), 706-710.
Babin, B. J. & Boles, J. S. (1996). “The Effects of Perceived Co-worker Involvement and Supervisor Support on Service Provider Role Stress, Performance and Job Satisfactionâ€. Journal of Retailing, 72 (1), 57-75.
Bartlett, D. (1998). Stress: Perspectives and Processes. Open University Press, Philadelphia: USA.
Chen, P. Y. & Spector, P. E. (1992). “Relationships of Work Stressors with Aggression, Withdrawal, Theft and Substance Use: An Exploratory Study 1â€. Occupational and Organizational Psychol, 65, 177-184.
Ee, M. J. Y. C., Teoh, W. M. Y., & Yen, Y. Y. (2017). "Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity and Role Overload: The Strains of Work-Family Conflict". The Social Sciences, 12 (9), 1566-1576.
Fan, J. & Smith, A. P. (2017). “The Impact of Workload and Fatigue on Performanceâ€. Springer International Publishing AG, 90-105.
Fatihudin, D. (2015). Metode Penelitian: Untuk Ilmu Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi. Zifatama Publisher, Sidoarjo: Indonesia.
Gani, I. & Amalia, S. (2015). Alat Analisis Data: Aplikasi Statistik untuk Penelitian Bidang Ekonomi & Sosial.ANDI, Yogyakarta: Indonesia.
Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 23. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang: Indonesia.
Glaser, D. N., Tatum, B. C., Nebeker, D. M., Soreson, R. C., & Aiello, J. R. (1999). "Workload and Social Support: Effects on Performance and Stress". Human Performance, 12 (2), 155-176.
Greenberg, J. & Baron, R. A. (2003). Behavior in Organizations, 8th ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey: US.
Greenhaus, J. H. & Beutell, N. J. (1985). “Sources of Conflict Between Work and Family Rolesâ€. Academy of Management Review Journal.
Hafeez, S. (2018). “The Impact of Job Stress on Performance of Employees: A Study of Social Security Hospital of District Okara & Sahiwalâ€. Journal of Neuropsychology & Stress Management, 4-12.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey: US.
Harini, S., Sudarijati, & Kartiwi, N. (2018). "Workload, Work Environment and Employee Performance of Housekeepingâ€. International Journal of Latest Engineering and Management Research, 3, 15-22.
Imtiaz, S. & Ahmad, S. (2009). “Impact of Stress on Employee Productivity, Performance and Turnover; An Important Managerial Issueâ€. International Review of Business Research Papers. 5 (4), 468-477.
Jamal, M. (2005). “Burnout Among Canadian and Chinese Employees: A Cross-Cultural Studyâ€. European Management Review, 2 (3), 224-230.
Johnson, J. V., & Hall, E. M. (1988). "Job Strain, Work Place Social Support, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-sectional Study of a Random Sample of the Swedish Working Population". American Journal of Public Health, 78 (10), 1336-1342.
Karasek, R. (1979). “Job Demands, Job decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesignâ€. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24 (2), 285-308.
Karimi, R., Omar, Z. B., Alipour, F., & Karimi, Z. (2014). “The Influence of Role Overload, Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity on Occupational Stress Among Nurses in Selected Iranian Hospitalsâ€. International Journal of Asian Social Science. 4 (1), 34-40.
Khan, E. A., Aqeel, M., & Riaz, M. A. (2014). “Impact of Job Stress on Job Attitudes and life Satisfaction in College Lecturesâ€. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 4 (3), 270-273.
Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., De Vet, H. C. W., & Van Der Beek, A. J. (2014). “Construct Validity of the Individual Work Performane Questionnaireâ€. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56 (3).
Kopelman, R. E., Greenhaus, J. H., & Connolly, T. F. (1983). “A Model of Work, Family, and Interrole Conflict: A Construct Validation Studyâ€. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 32 (2), 198-215.
Landy, F. J. & Conte, J. M. (2007). Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology 2nd Ed. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford: UK.
Lazarus, R. S. (1990). “Theory-Based Stress Measurementâ€. Psychological Inquiry, 1 (1), 3-13.
Manivannan, L., Saravanaraj, M. G., & Sumathi, S. (2007). “Managing Stress Among the Employeesâ€. The ICFAI Journal of Organizational Behavior, 6 (2), 53-59.
Mohr, A. T. & Puck, J. F. (2007). “Role Conflict, General Manajer Job Satisfaction and Stress and the Performance of IJVsâ€. European Management Journal, 25 (1), 25-35.
Murali, S. B., Basit, A., & Hassan, Z. (2017). “Impact of Job Stress on Employee Performanceâ€. International Journal of Accounting & Business Management, 5 (2), 13-33.
Nzuve, S. N. M., & Njambi, M. P. (2015). “Factors Perveived to Influence Employees' Performance: A Case of the Independent Electroral and Boundaries Commissionâ€. Problems of Management in the 21st Century, 10 (2), 88-99.
Piko, B. F. (2006). “Burnout, Role Conflict, Job Satisfaction and Psychosocial Health Among Hungarian Health Care Staff: A Questionnaire Surveyâ€. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 311-318.
Pradhan, R. K. & Jena, L. K. (2017). “Employee Performance at Workplace: Conceptual Model and Empirical Validationâ€. Business Perspectives and Research, 5 (1), 69-85.
Purnomo, R. A. (2017). Analisis Statistik Ekonomi dan Bisnis dengan SPSS. CV. WADE GROUP, Ponorogo: Indonesia.
Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I. (1970). “Role Conflict and Ambiguity in Complex Organizationsâ€. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15 (2), 150-163.
Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I. (1970). “Role Conflict and Ambiguity in Complex Organizationsâ€. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15 (2), 150-163.
Sadrin, E., Gillet, N., Fernet, C., Leloup, M., & Depin-Rouault, C. 2019. “Effects of Motivation and Workload on Firefighters' Perceived Health, Stress, and Performanceâ€. Stress and Health. 1-10.
Schermerhorn, J. R., Hunt, J. G., & Osborn, R. N. (2005). Organizational Behavior. Wiley, New York: US.
Selye, H. (1956). The Stress of Life. McGraw-Hill, New York: USA.
Siregar, S. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif: Dilengkapi dengan Perbandingan Perhitungan Manual & SPSS. Kencana, Jakarta: Indonesia.
Stress at the workplace. (n.d.). Diundur pada tanggal 2 Februari 2020 dari https://www.who.int/occupational_health/topics/stressatwp/en/
Sudarmanto. 2009. Kinerja dan Pengembangan Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia: Teori, Dimensi Pengukuran, dan Implementasi dalam Organisasi. Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta: Indonesia.
Sunyoto, D. (2012). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Buku Seru, Jakarta: Indonesia.
Sutanto, E. M. & Wiyono, F. K. (2017). “Analysis of the Effects of Role Overload and Role Conflict on Performance through Job Stress as a Mediating Variable in the Cellular Phone Trading Centers in Surabayaâ€. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura, 405-414.
Timotius, K. H. (2017). Pengantar Metodologi Penelitian: Pendekatan Manajemen Pengetahuan untuk Perkembangan Pengetahuan. ANDI, Yogyakarta: Indonesia.
Van Veldhoven, M., Prins, J., Van Der Laken, P., & Dijkstra, L. (2015). QEEW2.0 42 Short Scales for Survey Research on Work, Well-being and Performance. SKB, Netherlands: Amsterdam.
Vijayan, M. (2017). “Impact of Job Stress on Employees' Job Performance in Aavin, Coumbatoreâ€. Journal of Organisation & Human Behaviour, 6 (3), 21-29.
Welford, A. T. (2007). “Stress and Performanceâ€. Ergonomics, 16 (5), 567-580.
Widodo. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Populer & Praktis. PT. Rajagrafindo Persada, Jakarta: Indonesia.
Williams, J. C. & Huber, G. P. (1986). Human Behavior in Organizations. South-Western Publishing, Cincinnati, Ohio: US.
Yusuf, A. M. (2014). Metode Penelitian: Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan Penelitian Gabungan. Kencana, Jakarta: Indonesia.
Zafar, Q., Ali, A., Hameed, T., Ilyas, T., & Younas, H. I. (2015). "The Influence of Job Stress on Employees Performance in Pakistan". American Journal of Social Science Research, 1 (4), 221-225.
Ahmed, A. & Ramzan, M. (2013). “Effects of Job Stress on Employees Job Performance A Study on Banking Sector of Pakistanâ€. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 11 (6), 61-68.
Ali, W. U., Raheem, A. R., Nawaz, A., & Imamuddin, K. (2014). “Impact of Stress on Job Performance: An Empirical Study of the Employees of Private Sectore Universities of Karachi, Pakistanâ€. Research Journal of Management Sciences, 3 (7), 14-17.
Alves, M. G. D. M., Chor, D., Faerstein, E., Lopes, C. D. S. & Werneck, G. L. (2004). “Short Version of the "Job Stress Scale": A Portuguese-Language Adaptationâ€. Rev Saude Publica, 38 (3), 1-7.
Amilin, A. (2017). "The Impact of Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity on Accountants' Performance: The Moderating Effect of Emotional Quotient". European Research Studies Journal, 20, 237-249.
Anshori, M., & Iswati, S. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif. Airlangga University Press, Surabaya: Indonesia.
Arshadi, N., & Damiri, H. (2013). “The Relationship of Job Stress with Turnover Intention and Job Performance: Moderating Role of OBSEâ€. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84 (9), 706-710.
Babin, B. J. & Boles, J. S. (1996). “The Effects of Perceived Co-worker Involvement and Supervisor Support on Service Provider Role Stress, Performance and Job Satisfactionâ€. Journal of Retailing, 72 (1), 57-75.
Bartlett, D. (1998). Stress: Perspectives and Processes. Open University Press, Philadelphia: USA.
Chen, P. Y. & Spector, P. E. (1992). “Relationships of Work Stressors with Aggression, Withdrawal, Theft and Substance Use: An Exploratory Study 1â€. Occupational and Organizational Psychol, 65, 177-184.
Ee, M. J. Y. C., Teoh, W. M. Y., & Yen, Y. Y. (2017). "Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity and Role Overload: The Strains of Work-Family Conflict". The Social Sciences, 12 (9), 1566-1576.
Fan, J. & Smith, A. P. (2017). “The Impact of Workload and Fatigue on Performanceâ€. Springer International Publishing AG, 90-105.
Fatihudin, D. (2015). Metode Penelitian: Untuk Ilmu Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi. Zifatama Publisher, Sidoarjo: Indonesia.
Gani, I. & Amalia, S. (2015). Alat Analisis Data: Aplikasi Statistik untuk Penelitian Bidang Ekonomi & Sosial.ANDI, Yogyakarta: Indonesia.
Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 23. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang: Indonesia.
Glaser, D. N., Tatum, B. C., Nebeker, D. M., Soreson, R. C., & Aiello, J. R. (1999). "Workload and Social Support: Effects on Performance and Stress". Human Performance, 12 (2), 155-176.
Greenberg, J. & Baron, R. A. (2003). Behavior in Organizations, 8th ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey: US.
Greenhaus, J. H. & Beutell, N. J. (1985). “Sources of Conflict Between Work and Family Rolesâ€. Academy of Management Review Journal.
Hafeez, S. (2018). “The Impact of Job Stress on Performance of Employees: A Study of Social Security Hospital of District Okara & Sahiwalâ€. Journal of Neuropsychology & Stress Management, 4-12.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey: US.
Harini, S., Sudarijati, & Kartiwi, N. (2018). "Workload, Work Environment and Employee Performance of Housekeepingâ€. International Journal of Latest Engineering and Management Research, 3, 15-22.
Imtiaz, S. & Ahmad, S. (2009). “Impact of Stress on Employee Productivity, Performance and Turnover; An Important Managerial Issueâ€. International Review of Business Research Papers. 5 (4), 468-477.
Jamal, M. (2005). “Burnout Among Canadian and Chinese Employees: A Cross-Cultural Studyâ€. European Management Review, 2 (3), 224-230.
Johnson, J. V., & Hall, E. M. (1988). "Job Strain, Work Place Social Support, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-sectional Study of a Random Sample of the Swedish Working Population". American Journal of Public Health, 78 (10), 1336-1342.
Karasek, R. (1979). “Job Demands, Job decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesignâ€. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24 (2), 285-308.
Karimi, R., Omar, Z. B., Alipour, F., & Karimi, Z. (2014). “The Influence of Role Overload, Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity on Occupational Stress Among Nurses in Selected Iranian Hospitalsâ€. International Journal of Asian Social Science. 4 (1), 34-40.
Khan, E. A., Aqeel, M., & Riaz, M. A. (2014). “Impact of Job Stress on Job Attitudes and life Satisfaction in College Lecturesâ€. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 4 (3), 270-273.
Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., De Vet, H. C. W., & Van Der Beek, A. J. (2014). “Construct Validity of the Individual Work Performane Questionnaireâ€. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56 (3).
Kopelman, R. E., Greenhaus, J. H., & Connolly, T. F. (1983). “A Model of Work, Family, and Interrole Conflict: A Construct Validation Studyâ€. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 32 (2), 198-215.
Landy, F. J. & Conte, J. M. (2007). Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology 2nd Ed. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford: UK.
Lazarus, R. S. (1990). “Theory-Based Stress Measurementâ€. Psychological Inquiry, 1 (1), 3-13.
Manivannan, L., Saravanaraj, M. G., & Sumathi, S. (2007). “Managing Stress Among the Employeesâ€. The ICFAI Journal of Organizational Behavior, 6 (2), 53-59.
Mohr, A. T. & Puck, J. F. (2007). “Role Conflict, General Manajer Job Satisfaction and Stress and the Performance of IJVsâ€. European Management Journal, 25 (1), 25-35.
Murali, S. B., Basit, A., & Hassan, Z. (2017). “Impact of Job Stress on Employee Performanceâ€. International Journal of Accounting & Business Management, 5 (2), 13-33.
Nzuve, S. N. M., & Njambi, M. P. (2015). “Factors Perveived to Influence Employees' Performance: A Case of the Independent Electroral and Boundaries Commissionâ€. Problems of Management in the 21st Century, 10 (2), 88-99.
Piko, B. F. (2006). “Burnout, Role Conflict, Job Satisfaction and Psychosocial Health Among Hungarian Health Care Staff: A Questionnaire Surveyâ€. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 311-318.
Pradhan, R. K. & Jena, L. K. (2017). “Employee Performance at Workplace: Conceptual Model and Empirical Validationâ€. Business Perspectives and Research, 5 (1), 69-85.
Purnomo, R. A. (2017). Analisis Statistik Ekonomi dan Bisnis dengan SPSS. CV. WADE GROUP, Ponorogo: Indonesia.
Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I. (1970). “Role Conflict and Ambiguity in Complex Organizationsâ€. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15 (2), 150-163.
Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I. (1970). “Role Conflict and Ambiguity in Complex Organizationsâ€. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15 (2), 150-163.
Sadrin, E., Gillet, N., Fernet, C., Leloup, M., & Depin-Rouault, C. 2019. “Effects of Motivation and Workload on Firefighters' Perceived Health, Stress, and Performanceâ€. Stress and Health. 1-10.
Schermerhorn, J. R., Hunt, J. G., & Osborn, R. N. (2005). Organizational Behavior. Wiley, New York: US.
Selye, H. (1956). The Stress of Life. McGraw-Hill, New York: USA.
Siregar, S. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif: Dilengkapi dengan Perbandingan Perhitungan Manual & SPSS. Kencana, Jakarta: Indonesia.
Stress at the workplace. (n.d.). Diundur pada tanggal 2 Februari 2020 dari https://www.who.int/occupational_health/topics/stressatwp/en/
Sudarmanto. 2009. Kinerja dan Pengembangan Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia: Teori, Dimensi Pengukuran, dan Implementasi dalam Organisasi. Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta: Indonesia.
Sunyoto, D. (2012). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Buku Seru, Jakarta: Indonesia.
Sutanto, E. M. & Wiyono, F. K. (2017). “Analysis of the Effects of Role Overload and Role Conflict on Performance through Job Stress as a Mediating Variable in the Cellular Phone Trading Centers in Surabayaâ€. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura, 405-414.
Timotius, K. H. (2017). Pengantar Metodologi Penelitian: Pendekatan Manajemen Pengetahuan untuk Perkembangan Pengetahuan. ANDI, Yogyakarta: Indonesia.
Van Veldhoven, M., Prins, J., Van Der Laken, P., & Dijkstra, L. (2015). QEEW2.0 42 Short Scales for Survey Research on Work, Well-being and Performance. SKB, Netherlands: Amsterdam.
Vijayan, M. (2017). “Impact of Job Stress on Employees' Job Performance in Aavin, Coumbatoreâ€. Journal of Organisation & Human Behaviour, 6 (3), 21-29.
Welford, A. T. (2007). “Stress and Performanceâ€. Ergonomics, 16 (5), 567-580.
Widodo. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Populer & Praktis. PT. Rajagrafindo Persada, Jakarta: Indonesia.
Williams, J. C. & Huber, G. P. (1986). Human Behavior in Organizations. South-Western Publishing, Cincinnati, Ohio: US.
Yusuf, A. M. (2014). Metode Penelitian: Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan Penelitian Gabungan. Kencana, Jakarta: Indonesia.
Zafar, Q., Ali, A., Hameed, T., Ilyas, T., & Younas, H. I. (2015). "The Influence of Job Stress on Employees Performance in Pakistan". American Journal of Social Science Research, 1 (4), 221-225.
Published
2023-01-23
Section
Articles
