Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Sikap dan Niat Warga Negara Indonesia untuk Menggunakan Open Government Data
Keywords:
Sikap warga; Open Government; Government 2.0; Open Government Data; Nilai publik
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas pengaruh dari delapan faktor terhadap sikap warga negara terhadap open government dan government 2.0, dan apakah sikap ini mempengaruhi niat mereka untuk menggunakan Open Government Data di Indonesia, yang merupakan salah satu negara pendiri Open Government Partnership (OGP). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif memakai sumber data primer yang didapatkan dari penyebaran kuesioner. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah warga negara Indonesia. Peneliti mengambil sampel dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 292 sampel. Teknik yang dipakai untuk analisis data adalah partial least square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tiga faktor, yaitu kemudahan penggunaan, kegunaan, dan kompetensi internet memiliki pengaruh terhadap sikap warga negara terhadap open government dan government 2.0, dan sikap ini mempengaruhi niat warga untuk menggunakan Open Government Data (OGD). Hasil pada penelitian ini berkontribusi dengan memberikan informasi yang bermanfaat sehingga pembuat kebijakan pemerintah dapat mengarahkan inisiatif open government, mendidik warga tentang nilai dan kegunaan pemerintahan elektronik, dan lebih melibatkan masyarakat untuk berkontribusi dalam kontrol sosial.
References
Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Ajzen, I., & Fisbbein, M. (1974). Factors Influencing Intentions and the Intention-Behavior Relation. Human Relations, 27(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872677402700101
Asame, M., & Wakrim, M. (2018). Towards a Competency Model: A Review of the Literature and the Competency Standards. Education and Information Technologies, 23(1), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-017-9596-z
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Jumlah Penduduk Pertengahan Tahun (Ribu Jiwa), 2020-2022. https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/12/1975/1/jumlah-penduduk-pertengahan-tahun.html
Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., & Hansen, D. (2012). The Impact of Polices on Government Social Media Usage: Issues, Challenges, and Recommendations. Government Information Quarterly, 29(1), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2011.04.004
Budi, N. F. A., Fitriani, W. R., Hidayanto, A. N., Kurnia, S., & Inan, D. I. (2020). A Study of Government 2.0 Implementation in Indonesia. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2020.100920
Davis. (1986). A Technology Acceptance Model for Empirically Testing New End-User Information Systems: Theory and Results. Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. https://bit.ly/3ZfPcjq
Duţu, A., & Diaconu, M. (2017). Community participation for an open public administration: Empirical measurements and conceptual framework design. Cogent Business and Management, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2017.1287980
Effendi, P. (2022). Emosi Individu, Sikap, dan Niat Penggunaan terhadap Website E-Government: Analisis Pada Website Pemerintah Kota Balikpapan. JSI: Jurnal Sistem Informasi (E-Journal), 14(1), 2553–2559. https://repository.dinamika.ac.id/id/eprint/6610/
Ferdinand, A. (2014). Metode Penelitian Manajemen. Pedoman Penelitian Untuk Penulisan Skripsi, Tesis, dan Disertasi Ilmu Manajemen, Edisi 5. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Fitriani, W., Hidayanto, A., Sandhyaduhita, P., Purwandari, B., & Kosandi, M. (2019). Determinants of Continuance Intention to Use Open Data Website: An Insight from Indonesia. Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 11(2), 96–120. https://doi.org/10.17705/1pais.11205
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Ghozali, Imam. (2019). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program SmartPLS. Semarang: Badan Penerbitan Universitas Diponegoro, 12(1), 51-62.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An Assessment of The Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Marketing Research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011-0261-6
Ingrams, A. (2018). Transparency for Results: Testing a Model of Performance Management in Open Government Initiatives. International Journal of Public Administration, 41(13), 1033–1046. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2017.1318400
Ingrams, A., Piotrowski, S., & Berliner, D. (2020). Learning from Our Mistakes: Public Management Reform and the Hope of Open Government. Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, 3(4), 257–272. https://doi.org/10.1093/ppmgov/gvaa001
Instagram. (2022). Satu Data Indonesia (@data.go.id). https://www.instagram.com/data.go.id/related_profiles/
Juditha, C., & Darmawan, J. J. (2018). Penggunaan Media Digital dan Partisipasi Politik Generasi Milenial. Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi dan Opini Publik, 22(2), 91–105. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.33299/jpkop.22.2.1628
Kemp, S. (2022). Digital 2022: Indonesia. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-indonesia
Klein, R., Klein, D., & Luciano, E. (2018). Open Government Data: Concepts, Approaches and Dimensions Over Time. E&G Economia e Gestão, 18(49), 4–24. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5752/P.1984-6606.2018v18n49p4-24
Li, Y., & Shang, H. (2020). Service quality, perceived value, and citizens’ continuous-use intention regarding e-government: Empirical evidence from China. Information and Management, 57(3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2019.103197
Marco, S., Robles, J. M., & Antino, M. (2014). Digital Skills As a Conditioning Factor for Digital Political Participation. Communications, 39(1), 43–65. https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2014-0004
Moore, M. H. (1995). Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government. Harvard University Press. http://bit.ly/3krwx5d
Nam, T. (2012). Citizens’ attitudes toward Open Government and Government 2.0. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 78(2), 346–368. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852312438783
Nikiforova, A., & Mcbride, K. (2020). Open Government Data Portal Usability: A User-Centred Usability Analysis of 41 Open Government Data Portals. Telematics and Informatics, 58(4). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101539
OECD. (2017). OECD Guidelines on Measuring Trust. OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264278219-en
Open Government Partnership. (2018). About OGP Local. https://www.opengovpartnership.org/ogp-local/about-ogp-local-program/
Purike, E., Baiti, A., & Azizah, N. (2022). Sikap Pengguna Media Sosial Terhadap Informasi Publik yang Disampaikan Pemerintah Melalui Media Daring dan Media Sosial. Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Sosial, 1(1), 84–94. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55606/jurrish.v1i1.167
Purwanto, A., Zuiderwijk, A., & Janssen, M. (2019). Citizens’ Motivations for Engaging in Open Data Hackathons. 11th IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, 11686 LNCS, 130–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27397-2_11
Schmidthuber, L., Piller, F., Bogers, M., & Hilgers, D. (2019). Citizen Participation in Public Administration: Investigating Open Government for Social Innovation. R and D Management, 49(3), 343–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12365
Setiawan, T., & Suhartomo, A. (2019). The Relation between Internet Use and Societal Development in Indonesia. ISCECC 2019: International Conference on Sustainable Engineering and Creative Computing, 133–137. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSECC.2019.8907127
SimilarWeb LTD. (2019). Website Audience Analysis. https://www.similarweb.com/
Sivarajah, U., Irani, Z., & Weerakkody, V. (2015). Evaluating The Use and Impact of Web 2.0 Technologies in Local Government. Government Information Quarterly, 32(4), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.06.004
Souza, A. A. C. de, d’Angelo, M. J., & Lima Filho, R. N. (2022). Effects of Predictors of Citizens’ Attitudes and Intention to Use Open Government Data and Government 2.0. Government Information Quarterly, 39(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101663
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode penelitian Bisnis. Cetakan Kesebelas. Bandung: CV Alfabeta.
Triadi, R., Hidayah, S., & Fasochah. (2019). Pengaruh Motivasi Intrinsik dan Ekstrinsik Terhadap Kinerja pegawai yang di Mediasi Oleh Komitmen Organisasi (Studi Pada Pegawai Kantor Pertanahan Kota Semarang). Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen dan Akuntansi, 26(47). http://ejurnal.stiedharmaputra-smg.ac.id/index.php/JEMA/article/view/351
Van Ryzin, G. G. (2006). Testing the expectancy disconfirmation model of citizen satisfaction with local government. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 16(4), 599–611. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mui058
Wang, H. J., & Lo, J. (2013). Determinants of citizens’ intent to use government websites in Taiwan. Information Development, 29(2), 123–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666912453835
Weerakkody, V., Kapoor, K., Balta, M. E., Irani, Z., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2017). Factors Influencing User Acceptance of Public Sector Big Open Data. Production Planning and Control, 28(11–12), 891–905. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2017.1336802
Welch, E. W., Hinnant, C. C., & Moon, M. J. (2005). Linking Citizen Satisfaction with E-government and Trust in Government. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 15(3), 371–391. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mui021
Wirtz, B. W., Piehler, R., & Daiser, P. (2015). E-Government Portal Characteristics and Individual Appeal: An Examination of E-Government and Citizen Acceptance in the Context of Local Administration Portals. Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing, 27(1), 70–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495142.2014.965082
Wirtz, B. W., Weyerer, J. C., & Rösch, M. (2017a). Citizen and Open Government: An Empirical Analysis of Antecedents of Open Government Data. International Journal of Public Administration, 41(4), 308–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2016.1263659
Wirtz, B. W., Weyerer, J. C., & Rösch, M. (2017b). Open Government and Citizen Participation: An Empirical Analysis of Citizen Expectancy Towards Open Government Data. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 85(3), 566–586. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852317719996
Yuhertiana, I., Bastian, I., & Sari, R. P. (2019). Financial Information and Voter’s Decisions on Local Government Elections. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 6(9), 245–261. https://ijicc.net/images/Vol6Iss9/6916_Yuhertiana_2019_E_R.pdf
Ajzen, I., & Fisbbein, M. (1974). Factors Influencing Intentions and the Intention-Behavior Relation. Human Relations, 27(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872677402700101
Asame, M., & Wakrim, M. (2018). Towards a Competency Model: A Review of the Literature and the Competency Standards. Education and Information Technologies, 23(1), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-017-9596-z
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Jumlah Penduduk Pertengahan Tahun (Ribu Jiwa), 2020-2022. https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/12/1975/1/jumlah-penduduk-pertengahan-tahun.html
Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., & Hansen, D. (2012). The Impact of Polices on Government Social Media Usage: Issues, Challenges, and Recommendations. Government Information Quarterly, 29(1), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2011.04.004
Budi, N. F. A., Fitriani, W. R., Hidayanto, A. N., Kurnia, S., & Inan, D. I. (2020). A Study of Government 2.0 Implementation in Indonesia. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2020.100920
Davis. (1986). A Technology Acceptance Model for Empirically Testing New End-User Information Systems: Theory and Results. Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. https://bit.ly/3ZfPcjq
Duţu, A., & Diaconu, M. (2017). Community participation for an open public administration: Empirical measurements and conceptual framework design. Cogent Business and Management, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2017.1287980
Effendi, P. (2022). Emosi Individu, Sikap, dan Niat Penggunaan terhadap Website E-Government: Analisis Pada Website Pemerintah Kota Balikpapan. JSI: Jurnal Sistem Informasi (E-Journal), 14(1), 2553–2559. https://repository.dinamika.ac.id/id/eprint/6610/
Ferdinand, A. (2014). Metode Penelitian Manajemen. Pedoman Penelitian Untuk Penulisan Skripsi, Tesis, dan Disertasi Ilmu Manajemen, Edisi 5. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Fitriani, W., Hidayanto, A., Sandhyaduhita, P., Purwandari, B., & Kosandi, M. (2019). Determinants of Continuance Intention to Use Open Data Website: An Insight from Indonesia. Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 11(2), 96–120. https://doi.org/10.17705/1pais.11205
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Ghozali, Imam. (2019). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program SmartPLS. Semarang: Badan Penerbitan Universitas Diponegoro, 12(1), 51-62.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An Assessment of The Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Marketing Research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011-0261-6
Ingrams, A. (2018). Transparency for Results: Testing a Model of Performance Management in Open Government Initiatives. International Journal of Public Administration, 41(13), 1033–1046. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2017.1318400
Ingrams, A., Piotrowski, S., & Berliner, D. (2020). Learning from Our Mistakes: Public Management Reform and the Hope of Open Government. Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, 3(4), 257–272. https://doi.org/10.1093/ppmgov/gvaa001
Instagram. (2022). Satu Data Indonesia (@data.go.id). https://www.instagram.com/data.go.id/related_profiles/
Juditha, C., & Darmawan, J. J. (2018). Penggunaan Media Digital dan Partisipasi Politik Generasi Milenial. Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi dan Opini Publik, 22(2), 91–105. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.33299/jpkop.22.2.1628
Kemp, S. (2022). Digital 2022: Indonesia. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-indonesia
Klein, R., Klein, D., & Luciano, E. (2018). Open Government Data: Concepts, Approaches and Dimensions Over Time. E&G Economia e Gestão, 18(49), 4–24. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5752/P.1984-6606.2018v18n49p4-24
Li, Y., & Shang, H. (2020). Service quality, perceived value, and citizens’ continuous-use intention regarding e-government: Empirical evidence from China. Information and Management, 57(3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2019.103197
Marco, S., Robles, J. M., & Antino, M. (2014). Digital Skills As a Conditioning Factor for Digital Political Participation. Communications, 39(1), 43–65. https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2014-0004
Moore, M. H. (1995). Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government. Harvard University Press. http://bit.ly/3krwx5d
Nam, T. (2012). Citizens’ attitudes toward Open Government and Government 2.0. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 78(2), 346–368. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852312438783
Nikiforova, A., & Mcbride, K. (2020). Open Government Data Portal Usability: A User-Centred Usability Analysis of 41 Open Government Data Portals. Telematics and Informatics, 58(4). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101539
OECD. (2017). OECD Guidelines on Measuring Trust. OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264278219-en
Open Government Partnership. (2018). About OGP Local. https://www.opengovpartnership.org/ogp-local/about-ogp-local-program/
Purike, E., Baiti, A., & Azizah, N. (2022). Sikap Pengguna Media Sosial Terhadap Informasi Publik yang Disampaikan Pemerintah Melalui Media Daring dan Media Sosial. Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Sosial, 1(1), 84–94. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55606/jurrish.v1i1.167
Purwanto, A., Zuiderwijk, A., & Janssen, M. (2019). Citizens’ Motivations for Engaging in Open Data Hackathons. 11th IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, 11686 LNCS, 130–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27397-2_11
Schmidthuber, L., Piller, F., Bogers, M., & Hilgers, D. (2019). Citizen Participation in Public Administration: Investigating Open Government for Social Innovation. R and D Management, 49(3), 343–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12365
Setiawan, T., & Suhartomo, A. (2019). The Relation between Internet Use and Societal Development in Indonesia. ISCECC 2019: International Conference on Sustainable Engineering and Creative Computing, 133–137. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSECC.2019.8907127
SimilarWeb LTD. (2019). Website Audience Analysis. https://www.similarweb.com/
Sivarajah, U., Irani, Z., & Weerakkody, V. (2015). Evaluating The Use and Impact of Web 2.0 Technologies in Local Government. Government Information Quarterly, 32(4), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.06.004
Souza, A. A. C. de, d’Angelo, M. J., & Lima Filho, R. N. (2022). Effects of Predictors of Citizens’ Attitudes and Intention to Use Open Government Data and Government 2.0. Government Information Quarterly, 39(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101663
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode penelitian Bisnis. Cetakan Kesebelas. Bandung: CV Alfabeta.
Triadi, R., Hidayah, S., & Fasochah. (2019). Pengaruh Motivasi Intrinsik dan Ekstrinsik Terhadap Kinerja pegawai yang di Mediasi Oleh Komitmen Organisasi (Studi Pada Pegawai Kantor Pertanahan Kota Semarang). Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen dan Akuntansi, 26(47). http://ejurnal.stiedharmaputra-smg.ac.id/index.php/JEMA/article/view/351
Van Ryzin, G. G. (2006). Testing the expectancy disconfirmation model of citizen satisfaction with local government. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 16(4), 599–611. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mui058
Wang, H. J., & Lo, J. (2013). Determinants of citizens’ intent to use government websites in Taiwan. Information Development, 29(2), 123–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666912453835
Weerakkody, V., Kapoor, K., Balta, M. E., Irani, Z., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2017). Factors Influencing User Acceptance of Public Sector Big Open Data. Production Planning and Control, 28(11–12), 891–905. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2017.1336802
Welch, E. W., Hinnant, C. C., & Moon, M. J. (2005). Linking Citizen Satisfaction with E-government and Trust in Government. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 15(3), 371–391. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mui021
Wirtz, B. W., Piehler, R., & Daiser, P. (2015). E-Government Portal Characteristics and Individual Appeal: An Examination of E-Government and Citizen Acceptance in the Context of Local Administration Portals. Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing, 27(1), 70–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495142.2014.965082
Wirtz, B. W., Weyerer, J. C., & Rösch, M. (2017a). Citizen and Open Government: An Empirical Analysis of Antecedents of Open Government Data. International Journal of Public Administration, 41(4), 308–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2016.1263659
Wirtz, B. W., Weyerer, J. C., & Rösch, M. (2017b). Open Government and Citizen Participation: An Empirical Analysis of Citizen Expectancy Towards Open Government Data. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 85(3), 566–586. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852317719996
Yuhertiana, I., Bastian, I., & Sari, R. P. (2019). Financial Information and Voter’s Decisions on Local Government Elections. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 6(9), 245–261. https://ijicc.net/images/Vol6Iss9/6916_Yuhertiana_2019_E_R.pdf
Published
2024-05-31
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 Sephia Ayu Permatasari, Diah Hari Suryaningrum
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
