Identifikasi Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) Berdasarkan Beers Criteria 2023 pada Pasien Geriatri

Authors

Laduna Anik Akademi Farmasi Persada

DOI:

Abstract

This study aims to identify the characteristics of geriatric patients, the types of medication administered, and evaluate the incidence of Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) based on the 2023 Beers Criteria at Suryakencana Pharmacy in Sukabumi City. The study used a retrospective descriptive observational design with a quantitative approach. Data were obtained from prescriptions and medical records of geriatric patients who filled the medication between December 2024 and June 2025. Analysis was performed by matching the prescribed medication with the criteria in the 2023 Beers Criteria. A total of 100 patients were included in the study sample, with the majority aged 60–74 years (73.74%) and female (62%). Most patients received ≤5 types of medication (95%). The most common diagnoses came from the nervous system disease group, with the dominant comorbidities being hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The most common medications included in the Beers Criteria category were non-selective NSAIDs such as diclofenac (55.55%) and the anticonvulsant gabapentin (15.66%). PIM incidents were found primarily in the categories of "drugs to avoid" (47.09%) and "use with caution" (2.90%). The study's conclusion confirms that the high incidence of PIM in geriatric patients indicates the need for consistent application of the Beers Criteria in pharmaceutical care practices to improve therapeutic safety in the elderly.

Keywords: Beers Criteria, Geriatri, Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM).

References

Akhtar, A., Hassali, M., Zainal, H., Ali, I., Iqbal, M., & Khan, A. (2021). Respiratory-Tract Infections Among Geriatrics: Prevalence and Factors Associated with the Treatment Outcomes. Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, 15. https://doi.org/10.1177/1753466620971141

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Statistik Penduduk Lanjut Usia Indonesia. BPS. Jakarta

Darmawan, E., Ahmad, H., Perwitasari, D., & Kusumawardani, N. (2020). Pharmacist Intervention Can Reduce the Potential Use of Inappropriate Drugs Medications in Indonesian Geriatric Patients. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 10(1). 88-95. https://doi.org/10.7324/japs.2020.101012

Feigin, V. L., Vos, T., Nichols, E., Owolabi, M. O., Carroll, W. M., Dichgans, M., Deuschl, G., Parmar, P., Brainin, M., & Murray, C. (2020). The Global Burden of Neurological Disorders: Translating Evidence into policy. The Lancet. Neurology, 19(3), 255–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30411-9

Hamidah, K., Rahmadi, M., Meutia, F., Kriswidyatomo, P., Rahman, F., Izzah, Z., Zulkarnain, B., Aminde, L., Alderman, C., Yulistiani, Y., & Suprapti, B. (2022). Prevalence and Factors Associated with Potentially Inappropriate Medication and Medication Complexity for Older Adults in the Emergency Department of a Secondary Teaching Hospital in Indonesia. Pharmacy Practice. 20(4). 1-11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2022.4.2735

Herawati, F., Maharjana, I., Kuswardhani, T., & Susilo, A. (2020). STOPP-START Medication Review: A Non-Randomized Trial in an Indonesian Tertiary Hospital to Improve Medication Appropriateness and to Reduce the Length of Stay of Older Adults. Hospital Pharmacy, 56. 668-677. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018578720942227

Martono, H. H., & Pranaka, K. (2023). Geriatri: Ilmu Kesehatan Usia Lanjut (Edisi ke-6). UI Publishing. Jakarta

Mendes, A., Serratrice, C., Herrmann, F. R., Genton, L., Périvier, S., Scheffler, M., Fassier, T., Huber, P., Jacques, M. C., Prendki, V., Roux, X., Di Silvestro, K., Trombert, V., Harbarth, S., Gold, G., Graf, C. E., & Zekry, D. (2020). Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Older Patients With COVID-19: The COVIDAge Study. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 21(11). 1546–1554.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.014

Rahmawati, R., Padmasawitri, T. S. A., Wikaningtyas, P. and Adnyana, I. K. (2025) Development and Validation of an Instrument Measuring Pharmacy Students’ Knowledge and Perception of Polypharmacy and Caregivers for Geriatric Patients (FORGIVER 19), Health Professions Education. 11(3). Article 3. DOI: 10.55890/2452-3011.1344 Available at: https://hpe.researchcommons.org/journal/vol11/iss3/3

Romadhoni, D. L., Ramadhani, A. N., & Pudjianto, M. (2021). Kelas Sehat Lansia dalam Mengenal Permasalahan pada Kasus Muskuloskeletal. Gemassika: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. 5(1). 57–66. https://doi.org/10.30787/gemassika.v5i1.629

Sari, D. P., Susanti, I., & Fatihah, A. Z. (2025). Assessment of Geriatrics Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Prescriptions for Appropriateness of Medications by Using Beers Criteria in Muhammadiyah Lamongan Hospital. Jurnal Farmasi Dan Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia. 12(1). https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v12i12025.59-66

Septiani, A. M., Rahmawati, F. (2025). Polypharmacy, Drug-drug Interaction and Potentially Inappropriate Medication in Hospitalized Elderly Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases in Wangaya Hospital. Majalah Farmaseutik. 21(2). 168-177. https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v21i2.93730

Setiawati, M., Yasin, N., & Pramantara, I. (2021). Pengaruh Intervensi Apoteker terhadap Tingkat Bahaya Drug-Related Problems pada Pasien Geriatrik Rawat Inap. Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi. 11(3). https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.66776

Soejono, C. H., & Rizka, A. (2021). Polypharmacy and Drug Use Pattern among Indonesian Elderly Patients Visiting Emergency Unit. Acta Medica Indonesiana, 53(1). 60–76. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33818408/

Viviandhari, D., Wulandari, N., Rusdi, N., Rahmi, N., Hildayana, N., & Faniroh, N. (2020). Assessing Potentially Inappropriate Medications in Hospitalized Geriatric Patients in 2 Hospital in Jakarta using STOPP START Criteria. Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi. 10(1). https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.48944