Pemberian Nutrisi Enteral sebagai Kontrol Glikemik pada Pasien Kritis di Unit Perawatan Intensif
Abstract
This study aims to determine how to provide nutrition that effectively maintains the balance of blood glucose levels and glycemic control. This study uses a narrative literature review method by entering keywords into the Pubmed, Science Direct, CINAHL, Wiley, and ProQuest databases. The results showed that from the search results of 569 articles and obtained ten relevant and qualified pieces, then extracted using the DSVIA method. Provision of nutrition with the continuous method can lower the average blood glucose or reduce the incidence of hyperglycemia. Then the intermittent process significantly reduces hypoglycemia during the meal period, prevents hypoglycemia during the fasting period, and can reduce insulin requirements. In conclusion, enteral nutrition needs to be modified so that nutrition and insulin administration time can be practical and effective in controlling critical sugar levels.
Keywords: Bolus Feeding, Continuous Feeding, Blood Glucose, Intermittent Feeding, Enteral Nutrition
References
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Mahakrishna, B. N., Wati, D. K., Hartawan, I. N. B., Bagus, I., & Suparyatha, G. (2020). Hubungan Tipe Pemberian Nutrisi dengan Luaran Pasien dan Lama Rawat Pasien Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome yang Dirawat di Unit Perawatan Intensif Anak RSUP Sanglah. Medicina, 51(1), 17–22. https://doi.org/10.15562/Medicina.v51i1.387
Maurya, I., Pawar, M., Garg, R., Kaur, M., & Sood, R. (2011). Comparison of Respiratory Quotient and Resting Energy Expenditure in Two Regimens of Enteral Feeding – Continuous vs. Intermittent in Head-Injured Critically Ill Patients, 5(2), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.4103/1658-354X.82800
Mcnelly, A. S., Bear, D. E., Connolly, B. A., Arbane, G., Allum, L., Tarbhai, A., & Puthucheary, Z. A. (2020). Effect of Intermittent or Continuous Feed on Muscle Wasting in Critical Illness a Phase 2 Clinical Trial. Chest, 158(1), 183–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.045
Mehta, Y., Mithal, A., Kulkarni, A., Reddy, B. R., Sharma, J., Dixit, S., & Zirpe, K. (2019). Practice Guidelines for Enteral Nutrition Management in Dysglycemic Critically Ill Patients : A Relook for Indian Scenario. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 23(12), 594-603. 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23298
Murphy, P. M., Moore, E., & Flanagan, D. E. (2013). Glycaemic Control in Insulin Requiring Diabetes Patients Receiving Exclusive Enteral Tube Feeding in an Acute Hospital Setting. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 103(3), 426–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2013.12.007
Ojo, O., Weldon, S. M., Thompson, T., Crockett, R., & Wang, X. (2019). Nutrients the Eff ect of Diabetes-Specific Enteral Nutrition Formula on Cardiometabolic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes : A Systematic Review and Meta – Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Nutrient, 11(8), 1905.DOI: 10.3390/nu11081905
Ren, C., Yao, B., Tuo, M., Lin, H., Wan, X., & Pang, X. (2021). Comparison of Sequential Feeding and Continuous Feeding on the Blood Glucose of Critically Ill Patients : A Non-Inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial. Chinese Medical Journal, 0(14), 1695–1700. https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000001684
Seyyedi, J., Rooddehghan, Z., Mohammadi, M., & Haghani, S. (2020). Comparison of the Effect of Enteral Feeding through the Bolus and Continuous Methods on Serum Phosphorus and Glucose Levels in Patients with Mechanical Ventilation : A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Nutr Metab, 8. DOI: 10.1155/2020/6428418
Shahriari, M., Rezaei, E., Bakht, L. A., & Abbasi, S. (2015). Comparison of the Effects of Enteral Feeding Through the Bolus and Continuous Methods on Blood Sugar and Prealbumin Levels in ICU Inpatients. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 4(December). https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9531.171809
Sjulin, T. J., Strilka, R. J., Huprikar, N. A., Cameron, L. A., Woody, P. W., & Armen, S. B. (2020). Intermittent Gastric Feeds Lower Insulin Requirements without Worsening Dysglycemia: A Pilot Randomized Crossover Trial. International Journal of Critical Illness & Injury Science, 10(4), 200–205. https://doi.org/doi: 10.4103/IJCIIS.IJCIIS_112_19
Taslim, N. A., Primana, D. A., Wijayanto, Rani, N. A., Marniar, Bamahry, A., & Virani, D. (2020). Panduan Praktis Penatalaksanaan Nutrisi COVID-19. Jakarta: Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Gizi Klinik Indonesia
Anggorotomo, W., & Kestriani, N. D. (2020). Nutrisi Enteral pada Pasien Kritis di Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Jurnal Ilmiah Widya Kesehatan Dan Lingkungan, 2(1), 25–32. https://e-journal.jurwidyakop3.com/index.php/kes-ling/article/view/406
Arabi, Y. M., Casaer, M. P., Chapman, M., Heyland, D. K., Ichai, C., Marik, P. E., & Weijs, P. J. M. (2017). The Intensive Care Medicine Research Agenda in Nutrition and Metabolism. Intensive Care Medicine, 43(9), 1239–1256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-017-4711-6
Bear, D. E., Hart, N., & Puthucheary, Z. (2018). Continuous or Intermittent Feeding : Pros and Cons. Curr Opin Crit Care, 24(4), 256-261. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCC.0000000000000513
Chowdhury, A. H., Murray, K., Hoad, C. L., Costigan, C., Marciani, L., Macdonald, I. A., & Frcpe, Ã. (2015). Effects of Bolus and Continuous Nasogastric Feeding on Gastric Emptying , Small Bowel Water Content , Superior Mesenteric Artery Blood Flow, and Plasma Hormone Concentrations in Healthy Adults. Annals of Surgery, 263(3), 450–457. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000001110
Dewi, Y. S., & Supriatna, M. (2021). Perbedaan Lama Rawat dan Luaran Pemberian Nutrisi Enteral Dini dan Lambat pada Anak Sakit Kritis di Rumah Sakit dr. Kariadi Semarang. Sari Pediatri, 22(6). DOI: 10.14238/sp22.6.2021.378-85
Evans, D. C., Forbes, R., Jones, C., Cotterman, R., Njoku, C., Thongrong, C., & Stawicki, S. P. (2016). Continuous Versus Bolus Tube Feeds : Does the Modality Affect Glycemic Variability, Tube Feeding Volume, Caloric Intake, or Insulin Utilization ? International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science, 6(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5151.177357
Ferrie, S., Daniells, S., Gagnon, S., Hamlyn, J., Jukkola, K., Riley, N., & Zarshenas, N. (2018). Enteral Nutrition Manual for Adults in Health Care Facilities. Melbourne: Dietitians Association of Australia Nutrition Support Interest Group. Retrieved from https://dietitiansaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Enteral-nutrition-manual-june-2018-website.pdf
Gonzalez, J. T., Dirks, M. L., Holwerda, A. M., Kouw, I. W. K., & Loon, L. J. C. Van. (2020). Intermittent Versus Continuous Enteral Nutrition Attenuates Increases in Insulin and Leptin During Short ‑ Term Bed Rest. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 120(9), 2083–2094. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04431-4
Hutagaol, R., & Hamidi, N. S. (2020). Efektifitas Pemberian Nutrisi Enteral antara Metode Intermittent Feeding dengan Gravity Drip terhadap Volume Residu Lambung pada Pasien Kritis di Ruangan ICU Aulia Hospital Pekanbaru. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 1(4), 24–33. https://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/jkt/article/view/1512
Ichimaru, S. (2018). Methods of Enteral Nutrition Administration in Critically Ill Patients : Continuous, Intermittent, Cyclic, and Bolus Feeding Methods of EN Administration. Nutr Clin Pract, 33(6), 790-795. https://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10105
Kembuan, M. A. H. N. (2018). Disglicemia Relationship with Critical Patient Outside in Room Intermediate Care Neurology RSUP Prof. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jurnal Sinaps, 1(1), 1–8. http://jurnalsinaps.com/index.php/sinaps/article/view/8
Mahakrishna, B. N., Wati, D. K., Hartawan, I. N. B., Bagus, I., & Suparyatha, G. (2020). Hubungan Tipe Pemberian Nutrisi dengan Luaran Pasien dan Lama Rawat Pasien Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome yang Dirawat di Unit Perawatan Intensif Anak RSUP Sanglah. Medicina, 51(1), 17–22. https://doi.org/10.15562/Medicina.v51i1.387
Maurya, I., Pawar, M., Garg, R., Kaur, M., & Sood, R. (2011). Comparison of Respiratory Quotient and Resting Energy Expenditure in Two Regimens of Enteral Feeding – Continuous vs. Intermittent in Head-Injured Critically Ill Patients, 5(2), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.4103/1658-354X.82800
Mcnelly, A. S., Bear, D. E., Connolly, B. A., Arbane, G., Allum, L., Tarbhai, A., & Puthucheary, Z. A. (2020). Effect of Intermittent or Continuous Feed on Muscle Wasting in Critical Illness a Phase 2 Clinical Trial. Chest, 158(1), 183–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.045
Mehta, Y., Mithal, A., Kulkarni, A., Reddy, B. R., Sharma, J., Dixit, S., & Zirpe, K. (2019). Practice Guidelines for Enteral Nutrition Management in Dysglycemic Critically Ill Patients : A Relook for Indian Scenario. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 23(12), 594-603. 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23298
Murphy, P. M., Moore, E., & Flanagan, D. E. (2013). Glycaemic Control in Insulin Requiring Diabetes Patients Receiving Exclusive Enteral Tube Feeding in an Acute Hospital Setting. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 103(3), 426–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2013.12.007
Ojo, O., Weldon, S. M., Thompson, T., Crockett, R., & Wang, X. (2019). Nutrients the Eff ect of Diabetes-Specific Enteral Nutrition Formula on Cardiometabolic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes : A Systematic Review and Meta – Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Nutrient, 11(8), 1905.DOI: 10.3390/nu11081905
Ren, C., Yao, B., Tuo, M., Lin, H., Wan, X., & Pang, X. (2021). Comparison of Sequential Feeding and Continuous Feeding on the Blood Glucose of Critically Ill Patients : A Non-Inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial. Chinese Medical Journal, 0(14), 1695–1700. https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000001684
Seyyedi, J., Rooddehghan, Z., Mohammadi, M., & Haghani, S. (2020). Comparison of the Effect of Enteral Feeding through the Bolus and Continuous Methods on Serum Phosphorus and Glucose Levels in Patients with Mechanical Ventilation : A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Nutr Metab, 8. DOI: 10.1155/2020/6428418
Shahriari, M., Rezaei, E., Bakht, L. A., & Abbasi, S. (2015). Comparison of the Effects of Enteral Feeding Through the Bolus and Continuous Methods on Blood Sugar and Prealbumin Levels in ICU Inpatients. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 4(December). https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9531.171809
Sjulin, T. J., Strilka, R. J., Huprikar, N. A., Cameron, L. A., Woody, P. W., & Armen, S. B. (2020). Intermittent Gastric Feeds Lower Insulin Requirements without Worsening Dysglycemia: A Pilot Randomized Crossover Trial. International Journal of Critical Illness & Injury Science, 10(4), 200–205. https://doi.org/doi: 10.4103/IJCIIS.IJCIIS_112_19
Taslim, N. A., Primana, D. A., Wijayanto, Rani, N. A., Marniar, Bamahry, A., & Virani, D. (2020). Panduan Praktis Penatalaksanaan Nutrisi COVID-19. Jakarta: Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Gizi Klinik Indonesia
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2021-12-26
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