Terapi Farmakologi Epidural Analgesia pada Persalinan Normal dengan Kestabilan Tanda Vital Bayi Baru Lahir
Abstract
This study aims to determine the relationship between pharmacological therapy of epidural analgesia in normal delivery and the stability of newborns' vital signs at X Hospital Jakarta. The study used secondary data, electronic medical records, patient registration books and used quantitative methods with a cross-sectional approach. The results showed a significant relationship between temperature with p-value = 0.000 OR 5.179 (95% CI 2.684-9.992), respiratory rate with p-value = 0.027 OR 4.377 (95% CI 1.055-18.160) with and without epidural analgesia. There is no significant relationship between the first minute APGAR scores, p-value = 0.486 using the chi-square test and fifth p-value = 1,000 and pulse p-value = 0.621 using the Fishers exact test. In conclusion, epidural analgesia is safe for both mother and baby with proper monitoring.
Keywords: Epidural Analgesia, Breathing Frequency, Pulse, Normal Delivery, APGAR
References
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Deshmukh, V. L., Ghosh, S. S., Yelikar, K. A., & Gadappa, S. N. (2018). Effects of Epidural Labour Analgesia in Mother and Foetus. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India, 68(2), 111–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-017-1063-7
Hadijono, S., Samsudi, S., Florentinus, T. S., & Noorpramono, N. (2019). Development Development of Clinical Training Models for Comprehensive Emergency Obstetrics and Neonatal Care (Ceonc/Ponek) and Facilitative Supervision for Improving Hospital Performance. The Journal of Educational Development 7(1), 33–39. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jed/article/view/29334
Høtoft, D., & Maimburg, R. D. (2020). Epidural Analgesia during Birth and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Women and Birth, (2019), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2020.05.012
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Kumar, S., Shenoi, A., Jain, S., Raja, M., & Rao, N. (2019). Epidural Analgesia in Mothers: Neonatal Outcome- A Retrospective Chart Review. Journal of Medical Science And Clinical Research, 7(6), 873–877. https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i6.146
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Mohd-Salameh, K., Paraparambil, V. A., Sarfrazul, A., Hussain, H. L., Thyvilayil, S. S., & Mahmoud, A. S. (2020). Effects of Labor Epidural Analgesia on Short Term Neonatal Morbidity. International Journal of Women’s Health, 12, 59–70. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S228738
Newnham, E. C., Moran, P. S., Begley, C. M., Carroll, M., & Daly, D. (2021). Comparison of Labour and Birth Outcomes Between Nulliparous Women who Used Epidural Analgesia in Labour and Those Who Did Not: A Prospective Cohort Study. Women and Birth, 34(5), e435–e441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2020.09.001
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Shekhawat, H., Shrivastava, D., Dhurve, K., Shelke, U., & Deo, A. (2021). Effect of Epidural Labor Analgesia on Fetal Heart Rate and Neonatal Outcome. Journal of Datta Meghe Institue of Medical Sciences, 15(3), 382–386. https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu
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Srebnik, N., Barkan, O., Rottenstreich, M., Ioscovich, A., Farkash, R., Rotshenker-olshinka, K., & Samueloff, A. (2019). The Impact of Epidural Analgesia on the Mode of Delivery in Nulliparous Women That Attain the Second Stage of Labor. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 0(0), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2018.1554045
Sun, J., Yan, X., Yuan, A., Huang, X., Xiao, Y., Zou, L., & Li, Y. (2019). Effect of Epidural Analgesia in Trial of Labor After Cesarean on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in China: A Multicenter, Prospective Cohort Study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2648-1
Turner, J., Flatley, C., & Kumar, S. (2020). Epidural Use in Labour is Not Associated with an Increased Risk of Maternal or Neonatal Morbidity When the Second Stage is Prolonged. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 60(3), 336–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.13045
World Health Organization. (2018). Intrapartum Care for a Positive Childbirth Experience. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/intrapartum-care-guidelines/en/
Zeng, H., Guo, F., Lin, B., Liu, L., Wei, W., He, P., & Lai, Y. (2020). The Effects of Epidural Analgesia Using Low-Concentration Local Anesthetic During the Entire Labor on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: A Prospective Group Study. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 301(5), 1153–1158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-020-05511-8
Anim-Somuah, M., Smyth, R. M. D., Cyna, A. M., & Cuthbert, A. (2018). Epidural Versus Non-Epidural or no Analgesia for Pain Management in Labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2018(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000331.pub4
Deshmukh, V. L., Ghosh, S. S., Yelikar, K. A., & Gadappa, S. N. (2018). Effects of Epidural Labour Analgesia in Mother and Foetus. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India, 68(2), 111–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-017-1063-7
Hadijono, S., Samsudi, S., Florentinus, T. S., & Noorpramono, N. (2019). Development Development of Clinical Training Models for Comprehensive Emergency Obstetrics and Neonatal Care (Ceonc/Ponek) and Facilitative Supervision for Improving Hospital Performance. The Journal of Educational Development 7(1), 33–39. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jed/article/view/29334
Høtoft, D., & Maimburg, R. D. (2020). Epidural Analgesia during Birth and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Women and Birth, (2019), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2020.05.012
Kartalina, Y. (2021). Studi Implementasi Kebijakan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 97 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemeriksaan Status Anemia Catin Wanita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas-Puskesmas Kota Tangah. Human Care Journal, 6(2), 471–478. Retrieved from https://ojs.fdk.ac.id/index.php/humancare/article/view/1265
Kumar, S., Shenoi, A., Jain, S., Raja, M., & Rao, N. (2019). Epidural Analgesia in Mothers: Neonatal Outcome- A Retrospective Chart Review. Journal of Medical Science And Clinical Research, 7(6), 873–877. https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i6.146
Lam, K. K., Leung, M. K. M., & Irwin, M. G. (2020). Labour Analgesia: Update and Literature Review. Hong Kong Medical Journal, 26(5), 413–420. https://doi.org/10.12809/hkmj208632
Mohd-Salameh, K., Paraparambil, V. A., Sarfrazul, A., Hussain, H. L., Thyvilayil, S. S., & Mahmoud, A. S. (2020). Effects of Labor Epidural Analgesia on Short Term Neonatal Morbidity. International Journal of Women’s Health, 12, 59–70. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S228738
Newnham, E. C., Moran, P. S., Begley, C. M., Carroll, M., & Daly, D. (2021). Comparison of Labour and Birth Outcomes Between Nulliparous Women who Used Epidural Analgesia in Labour and Those Who Did Not: A Prospective Cohort Study. Women and Birth, 34(5), e435–e441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2020.09.001
Oliveira, C. R. D. (2020). The Legacy of Virginia Apgar. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 124(3), e185–e186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2019.12.017
Sarnah, S., Firdayanti, F., & Rahma, A. S. (2020). Manajemen Asuhan Kebidanan pada Bayi Ny “H†dengan Hipotermi di Puskesmas Jumpandang Baru Makassar. Jurnal Midwifery, 2(1), 1–9. DOI: 10.24252/jmw.v2i1.10652
Shekhawat, H., Shrivastava, D., Dhurve, K., Shelke, U., & Deo, A. (2021). Effect of Epidural Labor Analgesia on Fetal Heart Rate and Neonatal Outcome. Journal of Datta Meghe Institue of Medical Sciences, 15(3), 382–386. https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu
Shmueli, A., Salman, L., Orbach-Zinger, S., Aviram, A., Hiersch, L., Chen, R., & Gabbay-Benziv, R. (2018). The Impact of Epidural Analgesia on the Duration of the Second Stage of Labor. Birth, 45(4), 377–384. https://doi.org/10.1111/birt.12355
Srebnik, N., Barkan, O., Rottenstreich, M., Ioscovich, A., Farkash, R., Rotshenker-olshinka, K., & Samueloff, A. (2019). The Impact of Epidural Analgesia on the Mode of Delivery in Nulliparous Women That Attain the Second Stage of Labor. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 0(0), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2018.1554045
Sun, J., Yan, X., Yuan, A., Huang, X., Xiao, Y., Zou, L., & Li, Y. (2019). Effect of Epidural Analgesia in Trial of Labor After Cesarean on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in China: A Multicenter, Prospective Cohort Study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2648-1
Turner, J., Flatley, C., & Kumar, S. (2020). Epidural Use in Labour is Not Associated with an Increased Risk of Maternal or Neonatal Morbidity When the Second Stage is Prolonged. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 60(3), 336–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.13045
World Health Organization. (2018). Intrapartum Care for a Positive Childbirth Experience. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/intrapartum-care-guidelines/en/
Zeng, H., Guo, F., Lin, B., Liu, L., Wei, W., He, P., & Lai, Y. (2020). The Effects of Epidural Analgesia Using Low-Concentration Local Anesthetic During the Entire Labor on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: A Prospective Group Study. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 301(5), 1153–1158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-020-05511-8
Published
2022-02-28
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