Latihan Pernapasan dalam Meningkatkan Kontrol Asma dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Asma Dewasa
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of breathing exercises in improving asthma control and quality of life in adult asthma patients. The research method used was a systematic review with a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. Searching for articles uses four databases, namely: CINAHL, PubMed, SAGE, and Scopus, from 1 September 2017 to 28 February 2021. The research results were 239 articles, 11 of which met the criteria. Breathing exercises given to asthma patients vary from breathing exercises carried out as a single intervention or combined intervention. Breathing exercises for asthma patients include yoga, inspiratory muscle exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, diaphragmatic breathing, slow breathing, and controlled breath holding. This intervention is a type of breathing exercise that significantly affects asthma control and the quality of life of asthma patients. In conclusion, breathing exercises are a non-pharmacological therapy that can be used in clinical practice to help patients manage asthma control and improve their quality of life in addition to pharmacological treatment.
Keywords: Asthma Control, Quality of Life, Breathing Exercises, Yoga
References
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Bruton, A., Lee, A., Yardley, L., Raftery, J., Arden-Close, E., Kirby, S., Zhu, S., Thiruvothiyur, M., Webley, F., Taylor, L., Gibson, D., Yao, G., Stafford-Watson, M., Versnel, J., Moore, M., George, S., Little, P., Djukanovic, R., Price, D., & Thomas, M. (2018). Physiotherapy Breathing Retraining for Asthma: A Randomised Controlled Trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 6(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30474-5
Czira, A., Turner, M., Martin, A., Hinds, D., Birch, H., Gardiner, F., & Zhang, S. (2022). A Systematic Literature Review of Burden of Illness in Adults with Uncontrolled Moderate/Severe Asthma. Respiratory Medicine, 191, 106670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106670
Coulson, E., Carpenter, L. M., Georgia, T. E., & Baptist, A. P. (2021). Breathing Exercises in Older Adults with Asthma: A Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Journal of Asthma, 0(0), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2021.1936015
Das, R. R., Sankar, J., & Kabra, S. K. (2022). Role of Breathing Exercises in Asthma-Yoga and Pranayama. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 89(2), 174–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-021-03998-w
Duruturk, N., Acar, M., & Doğrul, M. I. (2018). Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training in the Management of Patients With Asthma: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 38(3), 198–203. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0000000000000318
Evaristo, K. B., Mendes, F. A. R., Saccomani, M. G., Cukier, A., Carvalho-Pinto, R. M., Rodrigues, M. R., Santaella, D. F., Saraiva-Romanholo, B. M., Martins, M. A., & Carvalho, C. R. F. (2020). Effects of Aerobic Training Versus Breathing Exercises on Asthma Control: A Randomized Trial. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 8(9), 2989-2996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.042
Feng, Z., Wang, J., Xie, Y., & Li, J. (2021). Effects of Exercise-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Adults with Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Respiratory Research, 22(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-021-01627-w
Georga, G., Chrousos, G., Artemiadis, A., Panagiotis, P. P., Bakakos, P., & Darviri, C. (2019). The Effect of Stress Management Incorporating Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Biofeedback-Assisted Relaxation Breathing on Patients with Asthma: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Advances in Integrative Medicine, 6(2), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aimed.2018.09.001
GINA. (2019). Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/GINA-2019-main-report-June-2019-wms.pdf
Hall, C., Nici, L., Sood, S., ZuWallack, R., & Castro, M. (2017). Nonpharmacologic Therapy for Severe Persistent Asthma. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 5(4), 928–935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2017.04.030
Hiles, S. A., Urroz, P. D., Gibson, P. G., Bogdanovs, A., & McDonald, V. M. (2021). A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial of Novel Activity Management in severe ASthma-Tailored Exercise (NAMASTE): Yoga and Mindfulness. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 21(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-021-01436-3
Hossny, E., Caraballo, L., Casale, T., El-Gamal, Y., & Rosenwasser, L. (2017). Severe Asthma and Quality of Life. World Allergy Organization Journal, 10(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40413-017-0159-y
Joanna Briggs Institute. (2020). Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials - Critical Appraisal Tools for Use in JBI Systematic Reviews. Jbi, 1–5. https://joannabriggs.org/critical_appraisal_tools
Kuruvilla, M. E., Vanijcharoenkarn, K., Shih, J. A., & Lee, F. E. (2019). Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Asthma. Respiratory Medicine, 149, 16–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2019.01.014
Lage, S. M., Pereira, D. A. G., Nepomuceno, A. L. C. M., Castro, A. C. de, Araújo, A. G., Hoffman, M., Silveira, B. M. F., & Parreira, V. F. (2021). Efficacy of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Inspiratory Muscle Function, Functional Capacity, and Quality of Life in Patients with Asthma: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 35(6), 870–881. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215520984047
Lin, J., Xing, B., Chen, P., Huang, M., Zhou, X., Wu, C., Yang, D., Yin, K., Cai, S., Cheng, X., Hao, C., Wang, C., Liu, C., & China Asthma Alliance. (2019). Chinese Expert Consensus-Based Guideline on Assessment and Management of Asthma Exacerbation. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 11(12), 4918–4935. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2019.12.67
López-de-Uralde-Villanueva, I., Candelas-Fernández, P., de-Diego-Cano, B., MÃnguez-Calzada, O., & Corral, T. D. (2018). The Effectiveness of Combining Inspiratory Muscle Training with Manual Therapy and a Therapeutic Exercise Program on Maximum Inspiratory Pressure in Adults with Asthma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 32(6), 752–765. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215517751587
Malarvizhi. M, Maheshkumar, K., Bhavani, M., & Hariprasad, B. (2019). Effect of 6 Months of Yoga Practice on Quality of Life among Patients with Asthma: A Randomized Control Trial. Advances in Integrative Medicine, 6(4), 163–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aimed.2018.12.001
Naik, G. S., Gaur, G. S., & Pal, G. K. (2018). Effect of Modified Slow Breathing Exercise on Perceived Stress and Basal Cardiovascular Parameters. International Journal of Yoga, 11(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoy.IJOY
Niespodziana, K., Borochova, K., Pazderova, P., Schlederer, T., Astafyeva, N., Baranovskaya, T., Barbouche, M. R., Beltyukov, E., Berger, A., Borzova, E., Bousquet, J., Bumbacea, R. S., Bychkovskaya, S., Caraballo, L., Chung, K. F., Custovic, A., Docena, G., Eiwegger, T., Evsegneeva, I., Emelyanov, A., Errhalt, P., Fassakhov, R., Fayzullina, R., Fedenko, E., Fomina, D., Gao, Z., Ciavina-Bianchi, P., Gotua, M., Greber-Platzer, S., Hedlin, G., & Valenta, R. (2020). Toward Personalization of Asthma Treatment According to Trigger Factors. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 145(6), 1529–1534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.02.001
Panagiotou, M., Koulouris, N. G., & Rovina, N. (2020). Physical Activity: A Missing Link in Asthma Care. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(3), 706. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030706
Quirt, J., Hildebrand, K. J., Mazza, J., Noya, F., & Kim, H. (2018). Asthma. Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, 14(Suppl 2), 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-018-0279-0
Sankar, J., & Das, R. R. (2018). Asthma – A Disease of How We Breathe: Role of Breathing Exercises and Pranayam. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 85(10), 905–910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-017-2519-6
Santino, T. A., Chaves, G. S., Freitas, D. A., Fregonezi, G. A., & Mendonça, K. M. (2020). Breathing Exercises for Adults with Asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3(3), CD001277. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001277.pub4
Song, H. J., Blake, K. V., Wilson, D. L., Winterstein, A. G., & Park, H. (2021). Health-Related Quality of Life and Health Utilities of Mild, Moderate, and Severe Asthma: Evidence from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Journal of Asthma and Allergy, 14, 929–941. https://doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S316278
Soriano, J. B., Abajobir, A. A., Abate, K. H., Abera, S. F., Agrawal, A., Ahmed, M. B., Aichour, A. N., Aichour, I., Aichour, M. T. E., Alam, K., Alam, N., Alkaabi, J. M., Al-Maskari, F., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amberbir, A., Amoako, Y. A., Ansha, M. G., Antó, J. M., Asayesh, H., & Vos, T. (2017). Global, Regional, and National Deaths, Prevalence, Disability-Adjusted Life Years, and Years Lived with Disability for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma, 1990–2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 5(9), 691–706. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30293-X
Sundh, J., Wireklint, P., Hasselgren, M., Montgomery, S., Ställberg, B., Lisspers, K., & Janson, C. (2017). Health-Related Quality of Life in Asthma Patients - A Comparison of Two Cohorts from 2005 and 2015. Respiratory Medicine, 132(October), 154–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2017.10.010
Tellhed, U., Daukantaitė, D., Maddux, R. E., Svensson, T., & Melander, O. (2019). Yogic Breathing and Mindfulness as Stress Coping Mediate Positive Health Outcomes of Yoga. Mindfulness, 10(12), 2703–2715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01225-4
Von-Bonin, D., Klein, S. D., Würker, J., Streit, E., Avianus, O., Grah, C., Salomon, J., & Wolf, U. (2018). Speech-Guided Breathing Retraining in Asthma: A Randomised Controlled Crossover Trial in Real-Life Outpatient Settings. Trials, 19(1), 333. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-018-2727-z
Wong, E. H. C., & Farne, H. A. (2020). Asthma: Diagnosis and Management in Adults. Medicine (United Kingdom), 48(5), 303–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2020.02.001
Yüce, G. E., & Taşcı, S. (2020). Effect of Pranayama Breathing Technique on Asthma Control, Pulmonary Function, and Quality of Life: A Single-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 38(October 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.101081
Zampogna, E., Zappa, M., Spanevello, A., & Visca, D. (2020). Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Asthma. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11(May), 542. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00542
Bruton, A., Lee, A., Yardley, L., Raftery, J., Arden-Close, E., Kirby, S., Zhu, S., Thiruvothiyur, M., Webley, F., Taylor, L., Gibson, D., Yao, G., Stafford-Watson, M., Versnel, J., Moore, M., George, S., Little, P., Djukanovic, R., Price, D., & Thomas, M. (2018). Physiotherapy Breathing Retraining for Asthma: A Randomised Controlled Trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 6(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30474-5
Czira, A., Turner, M., Martin, A., Hinds, D., Birch, H., Gardiner, F., & Zhang, S. (2022). A Systematic Literature Review of Burden of Illness in Adults with Uncontrolled Moderate/Severe Asthma. Respiratory Medicine, 191, 106670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106670
Coulson, E., Carpenter, L. M., Georgia, T. E., & Baptist, A. P. (2021). Breathing Exercises in Older Adults with Asthma: A Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Journal of Asthma, 0(0), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2021.1936015
Das, R. R., Sankar, J., & Kabra, S. K. (2022). Role of Breathing Exercises in Asthma-Yoga and Pranayama. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 89(2), 174–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-021-03998-w
Duruturk, N., Acar, M., & Doğrul, M. I. (2018). Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training in the Management of Patients With Asthma: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 38(3), 198–203. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0000000000000318
Evaristo, K. B., Mendes, F. A. R., Saccomani, M. G., Cukier, A., Carvalho-Pinto, R. M., Rodrigues, M. R., Santaella, D. F., Saraiva-Romanholo, B. M., Martins, M. A., & Carvalho, C. R. F. (2020). Effects of Aerobic Training Versus Breathing Exercises on Asthma Control: A Randomized Trial. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 8(9), 2989-2996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.042
Feng, Z., Wang, J., Xie, Y., & Li, J. (2021). Effects of Exercise-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Adults with Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Respiratory Research, 22(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-021-01627-w
Georga, G., Chrousos, G., Artemiadis, A., Panagiotis, P. P., Bakakos, P., & Darviri, C. (2019). The Effect of Stress Management Incorporating Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Biofeedback-Assisted Relaxation Breathing on Patients with Asthma: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Advances in Integrative Medicine, 6(2), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aimed.2018.09.001
GINA. (2019). Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/GINA-2019-main-report-June-2019-wms.pdf
Hall, C., Nici, L., Sood, S., ZuWallack, R., & Castro, M. (2017). Nonpharmacologic Therapy for Severe Persistent Asthma. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 5(4), 928–935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2017.04.030
Hiles, S. A., Urroz, P. D., Gibson, P. G., Bogdanovs, A., & McDonald, V. M. (2021). A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial of Novel Activity Management in severe ASthma-Tailored Exercise (NAMASTE): Yoga and Mindfulness. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 21(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-021-01436-3
Hossny, E., Caraballo, L., Casale, T., El-Gamal, Y., & Rosenwasser, L. (2017). Severe Asthma and Quality of Life. World Allergy Organization Journal, 10(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40413-017-0159-y
Joanna Briggs Institute. (2020). Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials - Critical Appraisal Tools for Use in JBI Systematic Reviews. Jbi, 1–5. https://joannabriggs.org/critical_appraisal_tools
Kuruvilla, M. E., Vanijcharoenkarn, K., Shih, J. A., & Lee, F. E. (2019). Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Asthma. Respiratory Medicine, 149, 16–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2019.01.014
Lage, S. M., Pereira, D. A. G., Nepomuceno, A. L. C. M., Castro, A. C. de, Araújo, A. G., Hoffman, M., Silveira, B. M. F., & Parreira, V. F. (2021). Efficacy of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Inspiratory Muscle Function, Functional Capacity, and Quality of Life in Patients with Asthma: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 35(6), 870–881. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215520984047
Lin, J., Xing, B., Chen, P., Huang, M., Zhou, X., Wu, C., Yang, D., Yin, K., Cai, S., Cheng, X., Hao, C., Wang, C., Liu, C., & China Asthma Alliance. (2019). Chinese Expert Consensus-Based Guideline on Assessment and Management of Asthma Exacerbation. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 11(12), 4918–4935. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2019.12.67
López-de-Uralde-Villanueva, I., Candelas-Fernández, P., de-Diego-Cano, B., MÃnguez-Calzada, O., & Corral, T. D. (2018). The Effectiveness of Combining Inspiratory Muscle Training with Manual Therapy and a Therapeutic Exercise Program on Maximum Inspiratory Pressure in Adults with Asthma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 32(6), 752–765. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215517751587
Malarvizhi. M, Maheshkumar, K., Bhavani, M., & Hariprasad, B. (2019). Effect of 6 Months of Yoga Practice on Quality of Life among Patients with Asthma: A Randomized Control Trial. Advances in Integrative Medicine, 6(4), 163–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aimed.2018.12.001
Naik, G. S., Gaur, G. S., & Pal, G. K. (2018). Effect of Modified Slow Breathing Exercise on Perceived Stress and Basal Cardiovascular Parameters. International Journal of Yoga, 11(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoy.IJOY
Niespodziana, K., Borochova, K., Pazderova, P., Schlederer, T., Astafyeva, N., Baranovskaya, T., Barbouche, M. R., Beltyukov, E., Berger, A., Borzova, E., Bousquet, J., Bumbacea, R. S., Bychkovskaya, S., Caraballo, L., Chung, K. F., Custovic, A., Docena, G., Eiwegger, T., Evsegneeva, I., Emelyanov, A., Errhalt, P., Fassakhov, R., Fayzullina, R., Fedenko, E., Fomina, D., Gao, Z., Ciavina-Bianchi, P., Gotua, M., Greber-Platzer, S., Hedlin, G., & Valenta, R. (2020). Toward Personalization of Asthma Treatment According to Trigger Factors. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 145(6), 1529–1534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.02.001
Panagiotou, M., Koulouris, N. G., & Rovina, N. (2020). Physical Activity: A Missing Link in Asthma Care. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(3), 706. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030706
Quirt, J., Hildebrand, K. J., Mazza, J., Noya, F., & Kim, H. (2018). Asthma. Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, 14(Suppl 2), 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-018-0279-0
Sankar, J., & Das, R. R. (2018). Asthma – A Disease of How We Breathe: Role of Breathing Exercises and Pranayam. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 85(10), 905–910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-017-2519-6
Santino, T. A., Chaves, G. S., Freitas, D. A., Fregonezi, G. A., & Mendonça, K. M. (2020). Breathing Exercises for Adults with Asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3(3), CD001277. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001277.pub4
Song, H. J., Blake, K. V., Wilson, D. L., Winterstein, A. G., & Park, H. (2021). Health-Related Quality of Life and Health Utilities of Mild, Moderate, and Severe Asthma: Evidence from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Journal of Asthma and Allergy, 14, 929–941. https://doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S316278
Soriano, J. B., Abajobir, A. A., Abate, K. H., Abera, S. F., Agrawal, A., Ahmed, M. B., Aichour, A. N., Aichour, I., Aichour, M. T. E., Alam, K., Alam, N., Alkaabi, J. M., Al-Maskari, F., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amberbir, A., Amoako, Y. A., Ansha, M. G., Antó, J. M., Asayesh, H., & Vos, T. (2017). Global, Regional, and National Deaths, Prevalence, Disability-Adjusted Life Years, and Years Lived with Disability for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma, 1990–2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 5(9), 691–706. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30293-X
Sundh, J., Wireklint, P., Hasselgren, M., Montgomery, S., Ställberg, B., Lisspers, K., & Janson, C. (2017). Health-Related Quality of Life in Asthma Patients - A Comparison of Two Cohorts from 2005 and 2015. Respiratory Medicine, 132(October), 154–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2017.10.010
Tellhed, U., Daukantaitė, D., Maddux, R. E., Svensson, T., & Melander, O. (2019). Yogic Breathing and Mindfulness as Stress Coping Mediate Positive Health Outcomes of Yoga. Mindfulness, 10(12), 2703–2715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01225-4
Von-Bonin, D., Klein, S. D., Würker, J., Streit, E., Avianus, O., Grah, C., Salomon, J., & Wolf, U. (2018). Speech-Guided Breathing Retraining in Asthma: A Randomised Controlled Crossover Trial in Real-Life Outpatient Settings. Trials, 19(1), 333. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-018-2727-z
Wong, E. H. C., & Farne, H. A. (2020). Asthma: Diagnosis and Management in Adults. Medicine (United Kingdom), 48(5), 303–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2020.02.001
Yüce, G. E., & Taşcı, S. (2020). Effect of Pranayama Breathing Technique on Asthma Control, Pulmonary Function, and Quality of Life: A Single-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 38(October 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.101081
Zampogna, E., Zappa, M., Spanevello, A., & Visca, D. (2020). Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Asthma. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11(May), 542. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00542
Published
2023-01-17
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Copyright (c) 2023 Eugenia Maria da Silva, Yulis Setiya Dewi, Eka Mishbahatul Mar’ah, Hasanudin Hasanudin
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