Latihan Fisik dan Obesitas pada Remaja
Abstract
This study aims to determine the relationship between physical exercise and obesity in adolescents. The method used is a systematic review using four databases: ClinicalKey Nursing, Emerald Insight, Sage Journals, and ScienceDirect. The results showed that of the thirteen articles reviewed, nine pieces showed that regular physical exercise could reduce body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and body composition. Physical exercise is also related to obesity status and is a strategy to control obesity as well as an obesity prevention factor which is not only recommended to prevent obesity but can maintain a healthy body; lack of physical exercise can increase the risk of obesity by 3.08 times greater than adolescents who do exercise physique. Four other articles stated that obesity in adolescents was not directly related to physical exercise. Still, they reported the occurrence of obesity due to food consumption habits that can increase body fat. In conclusion, physical exercise is recommended as a strategy for preventing and managing obesity. It is associated with obesity status in adolescents, which can be known from the value of body mass index (BMI).
Keywords: Physical Exercise, Obesity, Adolescents
References
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Cheon, C., & Jang, B. H. (2021). Trends for Weight Control Strategies in Korean Adults Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2017. Explore, 17(4), 320–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2020.03.010
Demir, D., & Bektas, M. (2021). The Effect of an Obesity Prevention Program on Children’s Eating Behaviors, Food Addiction, Physical Activity, and Obesity Status. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 61(2021), 355–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.09.001
Dewi, R. C., Rimawati, N., & Purbodjati. (2021). Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Physical Fitness of Adolescence. Journal of Public Health Research, 10(2), 340–342. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2230
Dhurandhar, N. V., Petersen, K. S., & Webster, C. (2021). Key Causes and Contributors of Obesity: A Perspective. Nursing Clinics of North America, 56(4), 449–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnur.2021.07.007
Fitsum, K., Egata, G., Demena, M., & Gebremichael, B. (2021). Overweight/Obesity and Associated Factors Among Second Cycle Primary School Children in Kirkos Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Global Advances In Health and Medicine, 10. https://doi.org/10.1177/21649561211017883
GarcÃa-Hermoso, A., Correa-Bautista, J. E., Olloquequi, J., & RamÃrez-Vélez, R. (2019). Health-related physical fitness and weight status in 13- to 15-year-old Latino adolescents. A pooled analysis. Jornal de Pediatria, 95(4), 435–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2018.04.002
González, M. H. A., Castaño, P. R. L., & González, E. R. (2022). Effects of Physical Exercise on the Body Composition and Conditional Physical Capacities of School Children During Confinement by COVID-19. Global Pediatric Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X211062440
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Hunegnaw, W. A., Ferede, A. G., Tekalign, T., & Asres, A. W. (2022). Obesity and associated factors among high school adolescent students in Bahir Dar town, North West Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Medicine, 10, 205031212211467. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221146729
Karami, H., Dehnou, V. V., Nazari, A., & Gahreman, D. (2021). Regular Training Has a Greater Effect on Aerobic Capacity, Fasting Blood Glucose and Blood Lipids in Obese Adolescent Males Compared to Irregular Training. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 19(2), 98–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2020.11.003
Kedir, S., Hassen, K., Melaku, Y., & Jemal, M. (2022). Determinants of Overweight and/or Obesity among SCHOOL adolescents in Butajira Town, Southern Ethiopia. A Case-Control Study. PLoS ONE, 17(6 6), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270628
Kemenkes. (2020). Program Latihan Fisik. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. https://bkombandung.kemkes.go.id/program-latihan-fisik/
Khumros, W., Vorayingyong, A., Suppapitiporn, S., Rattananupong, T., & Lohsoonthorn, V. (2019). Effectiveness of Modified Health Belief Model-Based Intervention to Reduce Body Mass Index for Age in Overweight Junior High School Students in Thailand. Journal of Health Research, 33(2), 162–172. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHR-08-2018-0065
Koharuddin, K., & Maria, R. (2022). Latihan Aktivitas Fisik Seperti Berjalan Setiap Hari pada Pasien Hipertensi. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 5(2), 1069–1079. https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v5i2.3525
Lisetyaningrum, I., Pujasari, H., & Kuntarti. (2021). A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Snacking Habits, Eating Habits, Physical Activity, and Indicators of Obesity Among High School Students in Jakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Public Health Research, 10(s1). https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2402
McBride, D. L. (2018). Childhood Obesity: Influential Factors and Interventions. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 42(2018), 122–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2018.02.011
McInnis, L. A., & Morehead, A. (2020). Exercise as a Therapeutic Intervention. Nursing Clinics of North America, 55(4), 543–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnur.2020.06.019
Meliyani, R., Harahap, W. A., & Oktarina, E. (2021). Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik Harian dengan Kualitas Hidup Penyintas Kanker Payudara. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 5(1), 383–389. https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v5i1.3058
Mendonça, F. R., Ferreira de Faria, W., Marcio da Silva, J., Massuto, R. B., Castilho dos Santos, G., Correa, R. C., Ferreira dos Santos, C., Sasaki, J. E., & Neto, A. S. (2022). Effects of Aerobic Exercise Combined with Resistance Training on Health-Related Physical Fitness in Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 20(2), 182–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2022.03.002
Normand, M. P., & Gibson, J. L. (2020). Behavioral Approaches to Weight Management for Health and Wellness. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 67(3), 537–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2020.02.008
P2PTM Kemenkes RI. (2021). Durasi dan Frekuensi Latihan Fisik. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. https://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/infographic-p2ptm/hipertensi-penyakit-jantung-dan-pembuluh-darah/durasi-dan-frekuensi-latihan-fisik
Polfuss, M. L., Duderstadt, K. G., Kilanowski, J. F., Thompson, M. E., Davis, R. L., & Quinn, M. (2020). Childhood Obesity: Evidence-Based Guidelines for Clinical Practice-Part One. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 34(3), 283–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2019.12.003
Riskesdas. (2018). Laporan Nasional Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018. In Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan (p. 198). http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf
Sari, F. N., & Widyatuti, W. (2020). Gambaran Jenis Kelamin, Latihan Fisik dan Obesitas pada Anak Usia Sekolah. Jurnal Keperawatan, 12(1), 119-124. https://doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v12i1.710
Silveira, E. A., Mendonça, C. R., Delpino, F. M., Elias Souza, G. V., Pereira de Souza Rosa, L., de Oliveira, C., & Noll, M. (2022). Sedentary Behavior, Physical Inactivity, Abdominal Obesity and Obesity in Adults and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 50, 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.06.001
Thomas-Eapen, N. (2021). Childhood Obesity. Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice, 48(3), 505–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2021.04.002
Thomas, A., & Janusek, L. (2018). Obesity Prevention Behaviors in Asian Indian Adolescent Girls: A Pilot Study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 42(2018), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2018.05.007
WHO. (2020). WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour. In Routledge Handbook of Youth Sport. who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015128
Batzios, S. P., Provatidou, M., Christoforidis, A., Sidiropoulos, H., & Cassimos, D. C. (2020). Adolescent obesity: Confessions of the Young Mind. Metabolism Open, 7, 100044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2020.100044
Calella, P., Vitucci, D., Zanfardino, A., Cozzolino, F., Terracciano, A., Zanfardino, F., Rollato, S., Piscopo, A., Gallè, F., Mancini, A., Di Onofrio, V., Iafusco, D., Valerio, G., Buono, P., & Liguori, G. (2023). Lifestyle and Physical Fitness in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity. Heliyon, 9(1), e13109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13109
Cheon, C., & Jang, B. H. (2021). Trends for Weight Control Strategies in Korean Adults Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2017. Explore, 17(4), 320–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2020.03.010
Demir, D., & Bektas, M. (2021). The Effect of an Obesity Prevention Program on Children’s Eating Behaviors, Food Addiction, Physical Activity, and Obesity Status. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 61(2021), 355–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.09.001
Dewi, R. C., Rimawati, N., & Purbodjati. (2021). Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Physical Fitness of Adolescence. Journal of Public Health Research, 10(2), 340–342. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2230
Dhurandhar, N. V., Petersen, K. S., & Webster, C. (2021). Key Causes and Contributors of Obesity: A Perspective. Nursing Clinics of North America, 56(4), 449–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnur.2021.07.007
Fitsum, K., Egata, G., Demena, M., & Gebremichael, B. (2021). Overweight/Obesity and Associated Factors Among Second Cycle Primary School Children in Kirkos Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Global Advances In Health and Medicine, 10. https://doi.org/10.1177/21649561211017883
GarcÃa-Hermoso, A., Correa-Bautista, J. E., Olloquequi, J., & RamÃrez-Vélez, R. (2019). Health-related physical fitness and weight status in 13- to 15-year-old Latino adolescents. A pooled analysis. Jornal de Pediatria, 95(4), 435–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2018.04.002
González, M. H. A., Castaño, P. R. L., & González, E. R. (2022). Effects of Physical Exercise on the Body Composition and Conditional Physical Capacities of School Children During Confinement by COVID-19. Global Pediatric Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X211062440
Hartson, K. R., Gance-Cleveland, B., Amura, C. R., & Schmiege, S. (2018). Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors Among Overweight Hispanic School-aged Children. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 40(2018), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2018.01.019
Hunegnaw, W. A., Ferede, A. G., Tekalign, T., & Asres, A. W. (2022). Obesity and associated factors among high school adolescent students in Bahir Dar town, North West Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Medicine, 10, 205031212211467. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221146729
Karami, H., Dehnou, V. V., Nazari, A., & Gahreman, D. (2021). Regular Training Has a Greater Effect on Aerobic Capacity, Fasting Blood Glucose and Blood Lipids in Obese Adolescent Males Compared to Irregular Training. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 19(2), 98–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2020.11.003
Kedir, S., Hassen, K., Melaku, Y., & Jemal, M. (2022). Determinants of Overweight and/or Obesity among SCHOOL adolescents in Butajira Town, Southern Ethiopia. A Case-Control Study. PLoS ONE, 17(6 6), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270628
Kemenkes. (2020). Program Latihan Fisik. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. https://bkombandung.kemkes.go.id/program-latihan-fisik/
Khumros, W., Vorayingyong, A., Suppapitiporn, S., Rattananupong, T., & Lohsoonthorn, V. (2019). Effectiveness of Modified Health Belief Model-Based Intervention to Reduce Body Mass Index for Age in Overweight Junior High School Students in Thailand. Journal of Health Research, 33(2), 162–172. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHR-08-2018-0065
Koharuddin, K., & Maria, R. (2022). Latihan Aktivitas Fisik Seperti Berjalan Setiap Hari pada Pasien Hipertensi. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 5(2), 1069–1079. https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v5i2.3525
Lisetyaningrum, I., Pujasari, H., & Kuntarti. (2021). A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Snacking Habits, Eating Habits, Physical Activity, and Indicators of Obesity Among High School Students in Jakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Public Health Research, 10(s1). https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2402
McBride, D. L. (2018). Childhood Obesity: Influential Factors and Interventions. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 42(2018), 122–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2018.02.011
McInnis, L. A., & Morehead, A. (2020). Exercise as a Therapeutic Intervention. Nursing Clinics of North America, 55(4), 543–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnur.2020.06.019
Meliyani, R., Harahap, W. A., & Oktarina, E. (2021). Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik Harian dengan Kualitas Hidup Penyintas Kanker Payudara. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 5(1), 383–389. https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v5i1.3058
Mendonça, F. R., Ferreira de Faria, W., Marcio da Silva, J., Massuto, R. B., Castilho dos Santos, G., Correa, R. C., Ferreira dos Santos, C., Sasaki, J. E., & Neto, A. S. (2022). Effects of Aerobic Exercise Combined with Resistance Training on Health-Related Physical Fitness in Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 20(2), 182–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2022.03.002
Normand, M. P., & Gibson, J. L. (2020). Behavioral Approaches to Weight Management for Health and Wellness. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 67(3), 537–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2020.02.008
P2PTM Kemenkes RI. (2021). Durasi dan Frekuensi Latihan Fisik. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. https://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/infographic-p2ptm/hipertensi-penyakit-jantung-dan-pembuluh-darah/durasi-dan-frekuensi-latihan-fisik
Polfuss, M. L., Duderstadt, K. G., Kilanowski, J. F., Thompson, M. E., Davis, R. L., & Quinn, M. (2020). Childhood Obesity: Evidence-Based Guidelines for Clinical Practice-Part One. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 34(3), 283–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2019.12.003
Riskesdas. (2018). Laporan Nasional Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018. In Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan (p. 198). http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf
Sari, F. N., & Widyatuti, W. (2020). Gambaran Jenis Kelamin, Latihan Fisik dan Obesitas pada Anak Usia Sekolah. Jurnal Keperawatan, 12(1), 119-124. https://doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v12i1.710
Silveira, E. A., Mendonça, C. R., Delpino, F. M., Elias Souza, G. V., Pereira de Souza Rosa, L., de Oliveira, C., & Noll, M. (2022). Sedentary Behavior, Physical Inactivity, Abdominal Obesity and Obesity in Adults and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 50, 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.06.001
Thomas-Eapen, N. (2021). Childhood Obesity. Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice, 48(3), 505–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2021.04.002
Thomas, A., & Janusek, L. (2018). Obesity Prevention Behaviors in Asian Indian Adolescent Girls: A Pilot Study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 42(2018), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2018.05.007
WHO. (2020). WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour. In Routledge Handbook of Youth Sport. who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015128
Published
2023-05-28
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