Sanitasi Lingkungan dan Pengelolaan Sampah pada Kejadian Stunting
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship of environmental sanitation and its impact on children's health and growth. The Systematic Review with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) was used as a guideline. The results of this study are: (1) Environmental sanitation in terms of the use of clean water has a correlation with stunting; (2) Environment sanitation from the aspect of waste management has a correlation with stunting; and (3) Environment sanitation from the aspect of toilet facilities has a correlation with stunting. Poor sanitation will increase the incidence of infectious diseases which have an impact on energy intake in the body, so that nutrients are difficult to absorb by the body so that growth is stunted or disrupted which is called stunting.
Keywords: Clean Water, Environmental Sanitation, Stunting, Waste Management
References
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Cameron, L., Chase, C., Haque, S., Joseph, G., Pinto, R., & Wang, Q. (2021). Childhood Stunting and Cognitive Effects of Water and Sanitation in Indonesia. Economics and Human Biology, 40, 100944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100944
Das, M., Verma, M., Sahoo, S. S., & Gupta, M. (2022). Regional Water Availability and WASH Indicators as Predictors of Malnutrition in Under-5 Children: Analysis of the National Family Health Survey, India (2015-16). Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 68(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmac030
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Girma, M., Hussein, A., Norris, T., Genye, T., Tessema, M., Bossuyt, A., Hadis, M., van Zyl, C., Goyol, K., & Samuel, A. (2021). Progress in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) coverage and potential contribution to the decline in diarrhea and stunting in Ethiopia. Maternal & Child Nutrition, e13280. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13280
Gizaw, Z., Yalew, A. W., Bitew, B. D., Lee, J., & Bisesi, M. (2022). Stunting Among Children Aged 24-59 Months and Associations with Sanitation, Enteric Infections, and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction in Rural northwest Ethiopia. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 19293. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23981-5
Gusnedi, G., Nindrea, R. D., Purnakarya, I., Umar, H. B., Andrafikar, Syafrawati, Asrawati, Susilowati, A., Novianti, Masrul, & Lipoeto, N. I. (2023). Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Stunting in Indonesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 32(2), 184–195. https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.202306_32(2).0001
Haq, I. U., Mehmood, Z., Afzal, T., Khan, N., Ahmed, B., Nawsherwan, Ali, L., Khan, A., Muhammad, J., Khan, E. A., Khan, J., Zakki, S. A., Xu, J., & Shu, Y. (2021). Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting Among Preschool and School-Going Children in The Flood-Affected Areas of Pakistan. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasleira de Biologia, 82, e249971. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.249971
Jubayer, A., Islam, M. H., & Nayan, M. M. (2022). Child-Sensitive Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Composite Score and Its Association with Child Nutritional Outcomes in St. Martin’s Island, Bangladesh. SAGE Open Medicine, 10, 20503121221095970. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221095966
Katoch, O. R. (2022). Determinants of Malnutrition Among Children: A Systematic Review. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 96, 111565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2021.111565
Keats, E. C., Das, J. K., Salam, R. A., Lassi, Z. S., Imdad, A., Black, R. E., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2021). Effective Interventions To Address Maternal and Child Malnutrition: An Update of The Evidence. The Lancet. Child & Adolescent Health, 5(5), 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30274-1
Khan, A. Y., Fatima, K., & Ali, M. (2021). Sanitation Ladder and Undernutrition Among Under-Five Children in Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 28(29), 38749–38763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13492-7
Kuddus, M. A., Sunny, A. R., Sazzad, S. A., Hossain, M., Rahman, M., Mithun, M. H., Hasan, S. E., Ahmed, K. J., Zandonadi, R. P., Han, H., Ariza-Montes, A., Vega-Muñoz, A., & Raposo, A. (2022). Sense and Manner of WASH and Their Coalition with Disease and Nutritional Status of Under-five Children in Rural Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 890293. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890293
Lefebo, B. K., Kassa, D. H., & Tarekegn, B. G. (2023). Factors Associated with Stunting: Gut Inflammation and Child and Maternal-Related Contributors Among Under-Five Children in Hawassa City, Sidama Region, Ethiopia. BMC Nutrition, 9(1), 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-023-00701-4
Lin, J., & Feng, X. L. (2023). Exploring The Impact of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), Early Adequate Feeding and Access to Health Care on Urban-Rural Disparities of Child Malnutrition in China. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 19(4), e13542. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13542
MacLeod, C., Ngabirano, L., N’Diaye, D. S., Braun, L., & Cumming, O. (2024). Household-Level Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Factors and Interventions and The Prevention of Relapse After Severe Acute Malnutrition Recovery: A Systematic Review. Maternal & Child Nutrition, e13634. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13634
Mudadu Silva, J. R., Vieira, L. L., Murta Abreu, A. R., de Souza Fernandes, E., Moreira, T. R., Dias da Costa, G., & Mitre Cotta, R. M. (2023). Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Vulnerability in Child Stunting in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Public Health, 219, 117–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2023.03.024
Mulyaningsih, T., Mohanty, I., Widyaningsih, V., Gebremedhin, T. A., Miranti, R., & Wiyono, V. H. (2021). Beyond Personal Factors: Multilevel Determinants of Childhood Stunting in Indonesia. PloS One, 16(11), e0260265. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260265
Niedfeldt, H. J., Beckstead, E., Chahalis, E., Jensen, M., Reher, B., Torres, S., Rachmi, C. N., Jusril, H., Hall, C., West, J. H., West, J. H., & Crookston, B. T. (2021). Use of Technology to Access Health Information/Services and Subsequent Association with Wash (Water Access, Sanitation, And Hygiene) Knowledge and Behaviors Among Women with Children Under 2 Years of Age in Indonesia: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.2196/19349
Permatasari, T. A. E., Chadirin, Y., Ernirita, Elvira, F., & Putri, B. A. (2023). The Association of Sociodemographic, Nutrition, and Sanitation on Stunting in Children Under Five in Rural Area of West Java Province in Indonesia. Journal of Public Health Research, 12(3), 22799036231197170. https://doi.org/10.1177/22799036231197169
Roba, A. A., Assefa, N., Dessie, Y., Tolera, A., Teji, K., Elena, H., Bliznashka, L., & Fawzi, W. (2021). Prevalence and Determinants of Concurrent Wasting and Stunting and Other Indicators of Malnutrition Among Children 6-59 Months Old in Kersa, Ethiopia. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 17(3), e13172. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13172
Saaka, M., Saapiire, F. N., & Dogoli, R. N. (2021). Independent and Joint Contribution of Inappropriate Complementary Feeding and Poor Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Practices to Stunted Child Growth. Journal of Nutritional Science, 10, e109. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2021.103
Sahiledengle, B., Petrucka, P., Kumie, A., Mwanri, L., Beressa, G., Atlaw, D., Tekalegn, Y., Zenbaba, D., Desta, F., & Agho, K. E. (2022). Association Between Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and Child Undernutrition in Ethiopia: a Hierarchical Approach. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1943. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14309-z
Sangalang, S. O., Lemence, A. L. G., Ottong, Z. J., Valencia, J. C., Olaguera, M., Canja, R. J. F., Mariano, S. M. F., Prado, N. O., Ocaña, R. M. Z., Singson, P. A. A., Cumagun, M. L., Liao, J., Anglo, M. V. J. C., Borgemeister, C., & Kistemann, T. (2022). School Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (Wash) Intervention to Improve Malnutrition, Dehydration, Health Literacy, and Handwashing: A Cluster-Randomised Controlled trial in Metro Manila, Philippines. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 2034. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14398-w
Soe, T. K., Laohasiriwong, W., Sornlorm, K., & Mahato, R. K. (2023). Safely Managed Sanitation Practice and Childhood Stunting Among Under Five Years Old Children in Myanmar. PloS One, 18(11), e0290600. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290600
Som, S. V., Wieringa, F. T., Campos Ponce, M., Polman, K., Dakurah, P., Duncan, D., Blomberg, J., Rasphone, S., & Hoeven, M. van der. (2023). Association of both Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices with Childhood Malnutrition in Lao PDR: a cross-sectional study of the 2017 Lao Social Indicator Survey II. BMJ Open, 13(10), e073974. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073974
Sufri, S., Nurhasanah, Jannah, M., Dewi, T. P., Sirasa, F., & Bakri, S. (2023). Child Stunting Reduction in Aceh Province: Challenges and a Way Ahead. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 27(5), 888–901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-023-03601-y
Woldesenbet, B., Tolcha, A., & Tsegaye, B. (2023). Water, Hygiene and Sanitation Practices Are Associated with Stunting Among Children of Age 24-59 Months in Lemo District, South Ethiopia, in 2021: Community Based Cross Sectional Study. BMC Nutrition, 9(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-023-00677-1
Batool, M., Saleem, J., Zakar, R., Butt, M. S., Iqbal, S., Haider, S., & Fischer, F. (2023). Relationship of Stunting with Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Practices Among Children Under The Age of Five: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 2153. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17135-z
Cameron, L., Chase, C., Haque, S., Joseph, G., Pinto, R., & Wang, Q. (2021). Childhood Stunting and Cognitive Effects of Water and Sanitation in Indonesia. Economics and Human Biology, 40, 100944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100944
Das, M., Verma, M., Sahoo, S. S., & Gupta, M. (2022). Regional Water Availability and WASH Indicators as Predictors of Malnutrition in Under-5 Children: Analysis of the National Family Health Survey, India (2015-16). Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 68(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmac030
Farah, A. M., Nour, T. Y., Endris, B. S., & Gebreyesus, S. H. (2021). Concurrence of Stunting and Overweight/Obesity Among Children: Evidence from Ethiopia. PloS One, 16(1), e0245456. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245456
Girma, M., Hussein, A., Norris, T., Genye, T., Tessema, M., Bossuyt, A., Hadis, M., van Zyl, C., Goyol, K., & Samuel, A. (2021). Progress in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) coverage and potential contribution to the decline in diarrhea and stunting in Ethiopia. Maternal & Child Nutrition, e13280. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13280
Gizaw, Z., Yalew, A. W., Bitew, B. D., Lee, J., & Bisesi, M. (2022). Stunting Among Children Aged 24-59 Months and Associations with Sanitation, Enteric Infections, and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction in Rural northwest Ethiopia. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 19293. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23981-5
Gusnedi, G., Nindrea, R. D., Purnakarya, I., Umar, H. B., Andrafikar, Syafrawati, Asrawati, Susilowati, A., Novianti, Masrul, & Lipoeto, N. I. (2023). Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Stunting in Indonesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 32(2), 184–195. https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.202306_32(2).0001
Haq, I. U., Mehmood, Z., Afzal, T., Khan, N., Ahmed, B., Nawsherwan, Ali, L., Khan, A., Muhammad, J., Khan, E. A., Khan, J., Zakki, S. A., Xu, J., & Shu, Y. (2021). Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting Among Preschool and School-Going Children in The Flood-Affected Areas of Pakistan. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasleira de Biologia, 82, e249971. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.249971
Jubayer, A., Islam, M. H., & Nayan, M. M. (2022). Child-Sensitive Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Composite Score and Its Association with Child Nutritional Outcomes in St. Martin’s Island, Bangladesh. SAGE Open Medicine, 10, 20503121221095970. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221095966
Katoch, O. R. (2022). Determinants of Malnutrition Among Children: A Systematic Review. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 96, 111565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2021.111565
Keats, E. C., Das, J. K., Salam, R. A., Lassi, Z. S., Imdad, A., Black, R. E., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2021). Effective Interventions To Address Maternal and Child Malnutrition: An Update of The Evidence. The Lancet. Child & Adolescent Health, 5(5), 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30274-1
Khan, A. Y., Fatima, K., & Ali, M. (2021). Sanitation Ladder and Undernutrition Among Under-Five Children in Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 28(29), 38749–38763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13492-7
Kuddus, M. A., Sunny, A. R., Sazzad, S. A., Hossain, M., Rahman, M., Mithun, M. H., Hasan, S. E., Ahmed, K. J., Zandonadi, R. P., Han, H., Ariza-Montes, A., Vega-Muñoz, A., & Raposo, A. (2022). Sense and Manner of WASH and Their Coalition with Disease and Nutritional Status of Under-five Children in Rural Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 890293. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890293
Lefebo, B. K., Kassa, D. H., & Tarekegn, B. G. (2023). Factors Associated with Stunting: Gut Inflammation and Child and Maternal-Related Contributors Among Under-Five Children in Hawassa City, Sidama Region, Ethiopia. BMC Nutrition, 9(1), 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-023-00701-4
Lin, J., & Feng, X. L. (2023). Exploring The Impact of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), Early Adequate Feeding and Access to Health Care on Urban-Rural Disparities of Child Malnutrition in China. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 19(4), e13542. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13542
MacLeod, C., Ngabirano, L., N’Diaye, D. S., Braun, L., & Cumming, O. (2024). Household-Level Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Factors and Interventions and The Prevention of Relapse After Severe Acute Malnutrition Recovery: A Systematic Review. Maternal & Child Nutrition, e13634. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13634
Mudadu Silva, J. R., Vieira, L. L., Murta Abreu, A. R., de Souza Fernandes, E., Moreira, T. R., Dias da Costa, G., & Mitre Cotta, R. M. (2023). Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Vulnerability in Child Stunting in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Public Health, 219, 117–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2023.03.024
Mulyaningsih, T., Mohanty, I., Widyaningsih, V., Gebremedhin, T. A., Miranti, R., & Wiyono, V. H. (2021). Beyond Personal Factors: Multilevel Determinants of Childhood Stunting in Indonesia. PloS One, 16(11), e0260265. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260265
Niedfeldt, H. J., Beckstead, E., Chahalis, E., Jensen, M., Reher, B., Torres, S., Rachmi, C. N., Jusril, H., Hall, C., West, J. H., West, J. H., & Crookston, B. T. (2021). Use of Technology to Access Health Information/Services and Subsequent Association with Wash (Water Access, Sanitation, And Hygiene) Knowledge and Behaviors Among Women with Children Under 2 Years of Age in Indonesia: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.2196/19349
Permatasari, T. A. E., Chadirin, Y., Ernirita, Elvira, F., & Putri, B. A. (2023). The Association of Sociodemographic, Nutrition, and Sanitation on Stunting in Children Under Five in Rural Area of West Java Province in Indonesia. Journal of Public Health Research, 12(3), 22799036231197170. https://doi.org/10.1177/22799036231197169
Roba, A. A., Assefa, N., Dessie, Y., Tolera, A., Teji, K., Elena, H., Bliznashka, L., & Fawzi, W. (2021). Prevalence and Determinants of Concurrent Wasting and Stunting and Other Indicators of Malnutrition Among Children 6-59 Months Old in Kersa, Ethiopia. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 17(3), e13172. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13172
Saaka, M., Saapiire, F. N., & Dogoli, R. N. (2021). Independent and Joint Contribution of Inappropriate Complementary Feeding and Poor Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Practices to Stunted Child Growth. Journal of Nutritional Science, 10, e109. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2021.103
Sahiledengle, B., Petrucka, P., Kumie, A., Mwanri, L., Beressa, G., Atlaw, D., Tekalegn, Y., Zenbaba, D., Desta, F., & Agho, K. E. (2022). Association Between Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and Child Undernutrition in Ethiopia: a Hierarchical Approach. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1943. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14309-z
Sangalang, S. O., Lemence, A. L. G., Ottong, Z. J., Valencia, J. C., Olaguera, M., Canja, R. J. F., Mariano, S. M. F., Prado, N. O., Ocaña, R. M. Z., Singson, P. A. A., Cumagun, M. L., Liao, J., Anglo, M. V. J. C., Borgemeister, C., & Kistemann, T. (2022). School Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (Wash) Intervention to Improve Malnutrition, Dehydration, Health Literacy, and Handwashing: A Cluster-Randomised Controlled trial in Metro Manila, Philippines. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 2034. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14398-w
Soe, T. K., Laohasiriwong, W., Sornlorm, K., & Mahato, R. K. (2023). Safely Managed Sanitation Practice and Childhood Stunting Among Under Five Years Old Children in Myanmar. PloS One, 18(11), e0290600. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290600
Som, S. V., Wieringa, F. T., Campos Ponce, M., Polman, K., Dakurah, P., Duncan, D., Blomberg, J., Rasphone, S., & Hoeven, M. van der. (2023). Association of both Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices with Childhood Malnutrition in Lao PDR: a cross-sectional study of the 2017 Lao Social Indicator Survey II. BMJ Open, 13(10), e073974. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073974
Sufri, S., Nurhasanah, Jannah, M., Dewi, T. P., Sirasa, F., & Bakri, S. (2023). Child Stunting Reduction in Aceh Province: Challenges and a Way Ahead. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 27(5), 888–901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-023-03601-y
Woldesenbet, B., Tolcha, A., & Tsegaye, B. (2023). Water, Hygiene and Sanitation Practices Are Associated with Stunting Among Children of Age 24-59 Months in Lemo District, South Ethiopia, in 2021: Community Based Cross Sectional Study. BMC Nutrition, 9(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-023-00677-1
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2024-08-01
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Copyright (c) 2024 Metriana Metriana, R. Azizah R. Azizah, Lilis Sulistyorini, Yulia Yunara
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