Hubungan Antosianin dan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dalam Kajian Medis
Abstract
The aim of the current research is to review and provide a more comprehensive assessment of the relationship between the anti-diabetic effects of Anthocyanins in humans, whether consumed as a dietary supplement, purifying agent, flavonoid mixture, or extract. In this narrative review, eighteen recent clinical studies that have been published over the last five years studying the therapeutic effects of Anthocyanins in the diet in diabetes are described. Research results show that anthocyanin supplements can control blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and other diabetes markers. Additionally, larger doses of Anthocyanins were shown to have better effects on diabetes treatment. There is evidence in this review that diets rich in Anthocyanins may increase the risk of diabetes, especially in people at risk. Additionally, research should focus on various clinical biomarkers, the ideal time frame for intervention, and the effect of Anthocyanins in both controlled and uncontrolled diabetes patients. In conclusion, clinical studies show that Anthocyanins can influence many targets related to diabetes mellitus simultaneously. Additionally, use of ACN during diabetes or hyperglycemia appears to be safe and effective.
Keywords: Diabetes, Anthocyanin, Metabolism, Food
References
Alappat, B., and J. Alappat. 2020. Antosianin Pigments: Beyond Aesthetics. Molecules 25 (23), 5500. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235500
Al-Ishaq, R. K., M. Abotaleb, P. Kubatka, K. Kajo, and D. Büsselberg. 2019. Flavonoids and Their Anti-Diabetic Effects: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Improve Blood Sugar Levels. Biomolecules 9 (9), 430. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090430.
Alnajjar, M., Barik, S. K., Bestwick, C., Campbell, F., Cruickshank, M., Farquharson, F., ... & Hoggard, N. (2020). Anthocyanin-Enriched Bilberry Extract Attenuates Glycaemic Response in Overweight Volunteers without Changes in Insulin. Journal of functional foods, 64, 103597. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.jff.2019.103597.
Altmann, C., and M. H. H. Schmidt. 2018. The Role of Microglia in Diabetic Retinopathy: Inflammation, Microvasculature Defects and Neurodegeneration. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19 (1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010110
Barraza-Jiménez, D., Flores-Hidalgo, H. I., Torres-Herrera, S. I., Olvera-Corral, R. A., & Flores-Hidalgo, M. A. (2022). Excited States of Six Anthocyanidin Variants with Different Solvents as Dye Sensitizers for Photocatalysis. In Photocatalysts-New Perspectives. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108158
Belwal, T., Nabavi, S., Nabavi, S., & Habtemariam, S. (2017). Dietary Antosianins and Insulin Resistance: When Food Becomes A Medicine. Nutrients, 9(10), 1111. https:// doi.org/10.3390/nu9101111
Blando, F., Berland, H., Maiorano, G., Durante, M., Mazzucato, A., Picarella, M. E., Nicoletti, I., Gerardi, C., Mita, G., & Andersen, Ø. M. (2019). Nutraceutical Characterization of Antosianin-Rich Fruits Produced by “Sun Black” Tomato Line. Frontiers in Nutrition, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2019.00133
Bocker, R., & Silva, E. K. (2022). Pulsed Electric Field Assisted Extraction of Natural Food Pigments and Colorings From Plant Matrices. Food Chemistry X, 15, Article 100398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100398
Bonfigli, M., Godoy, E., Reinheimer, M. A., & Scenna, N. J. (2017). Comparison Between Conventional and Ultrasound-Assisted Techniques for Extraction of Antosianins Fromgrape Pomace. Experimental Results And Mathematical Modeling. Journal of Food Engineering, 207, 56–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.03.011
Chai, Z., Herrera-Balandrano, D. D., Yu, H., Beta, T., Zeng, Q., Zhang, X., … Huang, W. (2021). A comparative Analysis on The Antosianin Composition of 74 Blueberry Cultivars from China. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 102, Article 104051 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2021.1040
Duarte, L. J., V. C. Chaves, M. Nascimento, E. Calvete, M. Li, E. Ciraolo, A. Ghigo, E. Hirsch, C. M. O. Simões, F. H. Reginatto, et al. (2018). Molecular Mechanism of Action of Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, the main Antosianin responsible for the Anti-inflammatory Effect of Strawberry Fruits. Food Chemistry 247, 56–65. https://doi.org/110.1016/j.foodchem.2017.12.015.
Farnad, N., & Farhadi, K. (2023). Simple and Complex Coacervation Methods for The Nanoencapsulation of Rosa Damascena Mill L. Antosianin in Zein/Potato Starch: A New Approach to Enhance Antioxidant and Thermal Properties. Journal of Food Science, 88(3), 1019–1032. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.16463
Frond, A. D., Iuhas, C. I., Stirbu, I., Leopold, L., Socaci, S., Andreea, S., Ayvaz, H., Andreea, S., Mihai, S., Diaconeasa, Z., & Carmen, S. (2019). Phytochemical Characterization of Five Edible Purple-Reddish Vegetables: Antosianins, Flavonoids, and phenolic Acid Derivatives. Molecules, 24(8), 1536. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081536
Guo, H., & Xia, M. (2018). Antosianins and Diabetes Regulation. Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action in Human Health and Disease, 135–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813006-3.00012-x
Harahap, A. M., and Machrina, Y. (2022). Effect of Physical Activity Fast Intervaltraining and Provision of Skin Melinjo Extract (Gnetum gnemon) on Expression URAT1, GLUT9 and SGLT22 In Hyperuricemia Insulinresistance. The journal of Bioscience 8(1), 14–23.. https://doi.org/10.24114/jbio.v8i1.29105
Harahap, A.M and Priawan I. (2024). Identifikasi Senyawa Bioaktif Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) dengan metode GC-MS. Jurnal Forte, 4(2), 421-426. https://doi.org/10.51771.vj.f4i2.928
Herrera-Balandrano, D. D., Chai, Z., Beta, T., Feng, J., & Huang, W. (2021). Blueberry Antosianins: An Updated Review on Approaches to Enhancing Their Bioavailability. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 118, 808–821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.11.006
Herrera-Balandrano, D. D., Chai, Z., Hutabarat, R. P., Beta, T., Feng, J., Ma, K., Li, D., &Huang, W. (2021). Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Blueberry Antosianins By AMPK Activation: in Vitro and in Vivo Studies. Redox Biology, 46, Article 102100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2021.102100
Huang, W., Zhao, X., Chai, Z., Herrera-Balandrano, D. D., Li, B., Yang, Y.Tu, Z. (2023). Improving Blueberry Antosianins’ Stability using a Ferritin Nanocarrier. Molecules, 28(15), 5844. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155844
Idham, Z., Putra, N. R., Aziz, A. H., Zaini, A. S., Rasidek, N. A., Mili, N., & Yunus, M. A. (2022). Improvement of Extraction and Stability of Antosianins, the Natural Red Pigment from Roselle Calyces Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction. Journal of CO2 Utilization, 56, 101839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101839
Janarny, G., Gunathilake, K. D., & Ranaweera, K. K. (2021). Nutraceutical Potential of Dietary Phytochemicals in Edible Flowers—A Review. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 45 (4). https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13642
Jia, Y., Wu, C., Kim, Y.-S., Yang, S. O., Kim, Y., Kim, J.-S., Jeong, M.-Y., Lee, J. H., Kim, B., Lee, S., Oh, H.-S., Kim, J., So, M.-Y., Yoon, Y. E., Thach, T. T., Park, T. H., & Lee, S.-J. (2020). A Dietary Antosianin Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Binds to Ppars to Regulate Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity in Mice. Communications Biology, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01231-6
Jos´e Alia˜no Gonz´alez, M., Carrera, C., Barbero, G. F., & Palma, M. (2022). A Comparison Study Between Ultrasound–Assisted and Enzyme–Assisted Extraction of Antosianins from Blackcurrant (Ribes Nigrum L.). Food Chemistry X, 13, 100192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100192
Vilhena, R. O., I. D. Figueiredo, A. M. Baviera, D. B. Silva, B. M. Marson, J. A. Oliveira, R. G. Peccinini, I. K. Borges, and R. Pontarolo. (2020). Antidiabetic Activity of Musa X Paradisiaca Extracts in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats and Chemical Characterization By HPLC-DAD-MS. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 254, 112666. https://doi10.1016/j.jep.2020.112666.
Al-Ishaq, R. K., M. Abotaleb, P. Kubatka, K. Kajo, and D. Büsselberg. 2019. Flavonoids and Their Anti-Diabetic Effects: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Improve Blood Sugar Levels. Biomolecules 9 (9), 430. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090430.
Alnajjar, M., Barik, S. K., Bestwick, C., Campbell, F., Cruickshank, M., Farquharson, F., ... & Hoggard, N. (2020). Anthocyanin-Enriched Bilberry Extract Attenuates Glycaemic Response in Overweight Volunteers without Changes in Insulin. Journal of functional foods, 64, 103597. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.jff.2019.103597.
Altmann, C., and M. H. H. Schmidt. 2018. The Role of Microglia in Diabetic Retinopathy: Inflammation, Microvasculature Defects and Neurodegeneration. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19 (1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010110
Barraza-Jiménez, D., Flores-Hidalgo, H. I., Torres-Herrera, S. I., Olvera-Corral, R. A., & Flores-Hidalgo, M. A. (2022). Excited States of Six Anthocyanidin Variants with Different Solvents as Dye Sensitizers for Photocatalysis. In Photocatalysts-New Perspectives. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108158
Belwal, T., Nabavi, S., Nabavi, S., & Habtemariam, S. (2017). Dietary Antosianins and Insulin Resistance: When Food Becomes A Medicine. Nutrients, 9(10), 1111. https:// doi.org/10.3390/nu9101111
Blando, F., Berland, H., Maiorano, G., Durante, M., Mazzucato, A., Picarella, M. E., Nicoletti, I., Gerardi, C., Mita, G., & Andersen, Ø. M. (2019). Nutraceutical Characterization of Antosianin-Rich Fruits Produced by “Sun Black” Tomato Line. Frontiers in Nutrition, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2019.00133
Bocker, R., & Silva, E. K. (2022). Pulsed Electric Field Assisted Extraction of Natural Food Pigments and Colorings From Plant Matrices. Food Chemistry X, 15, Article 100398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100398
Bonfigli, M., Godoy, E., Reinheimer, M. A., & Scenna, N. J. (2017). Comparison Between Conventional and Ultrasound-Assisted Techniques for Extraction of Antosianins Fromgrape Pomace. Experimental Results And Mathematical Modeling. Journal of Food Engineering, 207, 56–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.03.011
Chai, Z., Herrera-Balandrano, D. D., Yu, H., Beta, T., Zeng, Q., Zhang, X., … Huang, W. (2021). A comparative Analysis on The Antosianin Composition of 74 Blueberry Cultivars from China. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 102, Article 104051 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2021.1040
Duarte, L. J., V. C. Chaves, M. Nascimento, E. Calvete, M. Li, E. Ciraolo, A. Ghigo, E. Hirsch, C. M. O. Simões, F. H. Reginatto, et al. (2018). Molecular Mechanism of Action of Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, the main Antosianin responsible for the Anti-inflammatory Effect of Strawberry Fruits. Food Chemistry 247, 56–65. https://doi.org/110.1016/j.foodchem.2017.12.015.
Farnad, N., & Farhadi, K. (2023). Simple and Complex Coacervation Methods for The Nanoencapsulation of Rosa Damascena Mill L. Antosianin in Zein/Potato Starch: A New Approach to Enhance Antioxidant and Thermal Properties. Journal of Food Science, 88(3), 1019–1032. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.16463
Frond, A. D., Iuhas, C. I., Stirbu, I., Leopold, L., Socaci, S., Andreea, S., Ayvaz, H., Andreea, S., Mihai, S., Diaconeasa, Z., & Carmen, S. (2019). Phytochemical Characterization of Five Edible Purple-Reddish Vegetables: Antosianins, Flavonoids, and phenolic Acid Derivatives. Molecules, 24(8), 1536. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081536
Guo, H., & Xia, M. (2018). Antosianins and Diabetes Regulation. Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action in Human Health and Disease, 135–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813006-3.00012-x
Harahap, A. M., and Machrina, Y. (2022). Effect of Physical Activity Fast Intervaltraining and Provision of Skin Melinjo Extract (Gnetum gnemon) on Expression URAT1, GLUT9 and SGLT22 In Hyperuricemia Insulinresistance. The journal of Bioscience 8(1), 14–23.. https://doi.org/10.24114/jbio.v8i1.29105
Harahap, A.M and Priawan I. (2024). Identifikasi Senyawa Bioaktif Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) dengan metode GC-MS. Jurnal Forte, 4(2), 421-426. https://doi.org/10.51771.vj.f4i2.928
Herrera-Balandrano, D. D., Chai, Z., Beta, T., Feng, J., & Huang, W. (2021). Blueberry Antosianins: An Updated Review on Approaches to Enhancing Their Bioavailability. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 118, 808–821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.11.006
Herrera-Balandrano, D. D., Chai, Z., Hutabarat, R. P., Beta, T., Feng, J., Ma, K., Li, D., &Huang, W. (2021). Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Blueberry Antosianins By AMPK Activation: in Vitro and in Vivo Studies. Redox Biology, 46, Article 102100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2021.102100
Huang, W., Zhao, X., Chai, Z., Herrera-Balandrano, D. D., Li, B., Yang, Y.Tu, Z. (2023). Improving Blueberry Antosianins’ Stability using a Ferritin Nanocarrier. Molecules, 28(15), 5844. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155844
Idham, Z., Putra, N. R., Aziz, A. H., Zaini, A. S., Rasidek, N. A., Mili, N., & Yunus, M. A. (2022). Improvement of Extraction and Stability of Antosianins, the Natural Red Pigment from Roselle Calyces Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction. Journal of CO2 Utilization, 56, 101839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101839
Janarny, G., Gunathilake, K. D., & Ranaweera, K. K. (2021). Nutraceutical Potential of Dietary Phytochemicals in Edible Flowers—A Review. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 45 (4). https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13642
Jia, Y., Wu, C., Kim, Y.-S., Yang, S. O., Kim, Y., Kim, J.-S., Jeong, M.-Y., Lee, J. H., Kim, B., Lee, S., Oh, H.-S., Kim, J., So, M.-Y., Yoon, Y. E., Thach, T. T., Park, T. H., & Lee, S.-J. (2020). A Dietary Antosianin Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Binds to Ppars to Regulate Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity in Mice. Communications Biology, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01231-6
Jos´e Alia˜no Gonz´alez, M., Carrera, C., Barbero, G. F., & Palma, M. (2022). A Comparison Study Between Ultrasound–Assisted and Enzyme–Assisted Extraction of Antosianins from Blackcurrant (Ribes Nigrum L.). Food Chemistry X, 13, 100192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100192
Vilhena, R. O., I. D. Figueiredo, A. M. Baviera, D. B. Silva, B. M. Marson, J. A. Oliveira, R. G. Peccinini, I. K. Borges, and R. Pontarolo. (2020). Antidiabetic Activity of Musa X Paradisiaca Extracts in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats and Chemical Characterization By HPLC-DAD-MS. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 254, 112666. https://doi10.1016/j.jep.2020.112666.
Published
2024-10-20
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 Oslida Martony, Bernike Doloksaribu, Mansoor Abdul Hamid, Armansyah Maulana Harahap, Alfira Alfira
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
