Literature Review Efektivitas Uji Latihan Kardio-Pulmoner (CPET) dan Uji Jalan Kaki Enam Menit (6MWT) pada Pasien Pasca-CABG
Keywords:
coronary artery bypass, exercise test, cardiac rehabilitation, walking test, cardiovascular surgical procedures
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) and Six-Minute Walking Test (6MWT) in the rehabilitation management of patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery. Methods included a systematic review of 15 relevant studies, with data analysed using an integrative approach. Results showed that CPET provides in-depth information on cardiorespiratory responses during exercise, while 6MWT provides an evaluation of the patient's functional capacity. Both tests play an important role in personalised rehabilitation planning to improve patients' exercise capacity and quality of life. The conclusion of this review confirms the importance of the combined use of CPET and 6MWT to maximise rehabilitation outcomes of post-CABG patients.
Keywords: coronary artery bypass, exercise test, cardiac rehabilitation, walking test, cardiovascular surgical procedure
References
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Apriza, R., Hasan, H., Mukhtar, Z., Halim R, A., Akbar, N. Z., & Lubis, A. (2021). Six Minute Walking Test As Predictor for Mortality and Rehospitalization Within 3 Months in Post Coronary Bypass Surgery Patients. ACI (Acta Cardiologia Indonesiana), 7(1). https://doi.org/10.22146/jaci.v7i1.1118
Arsyi, D. H., Permana, P. B. D., Karim, R. I., & Abdurachman. (2022). The Role of Optimism in Manifesting Recovery Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Systematic Review. In Journal of Psychosomatic Research (Vol. 162). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111044
Baptista, V. C., Palhares, L. C., Oliveira, P. P. M. de, Silveira Filho, L. M., Vilarinho, K. A. de S., Severino, E. S. B. de O., Lavagnoli, C. F. R., & Petrucci, O. (2012). Six-Minute Walk Test as a Tool for Assessing the Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery. Revista Brasileira De Cirurgia Cardiovascular, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.5935/1678-9741.20120039
Chakkera, H., Roy, S., Steidley, E., Kalya, A., Gopalan, Reddy, K., Mulligan, D., Heilman, R., Hewitt, W., Khamash, H., Huskey, J., Moss, A., Katariya, N., & Scott, R. (2013). Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing for Cardiac Risk Assessment Prior to Kidney Transplantation. American Journal of Transplantation, 13. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijpot.v14i2.2579
De Cannière, H., Smeets, C. J. P., Schoutteten, M., Varon, C., Morales Tellez, J. F., Van Hoof, C., Van Huffel, S., Groenendaal, W., & Vandervoort, P. (2020). Short-Term Exercise Progression of Cardiovascular Patients Throughout Cardiac Rehabilitation: an Observational Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(10), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103160
Dolecinska, D., Przywarska, I., Podgórski, T., Dylewicz, P., & Lewandowski, J. (2021). Use of The Six-Minute Walk Test in Exercise Prescription in Male Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.5114/kitp.2020.102340
Dolecińska, D., Przywarska, I., Podgórski, T., Dylewicz, P., & Lewandowski, J. (2020). Use of the Six-Minute Walk Test in Exercise Prescription in Male Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska, 17(4), 183–188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5114/kitp.2020.102340
dos Santos, T. D., Pereira, S. N., Portela, L. O. C., Cardoso, D. M., Lago, P. D., dos Santos Guarda, N., Moresco, R. N., Pereira, M. B., & de Albuquerque, I. M. (2019). Moderate-To-High Intensity Inspiratory Muscle Training Improves the Effects of Combined Training on Exercise Capacity in Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. International Journal of Cardiology, 279, 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.12.013
Dwiputra, B., Santoso, A., Radi, B. S. P., & Ambari, A. M. (2023). The Effect of Resistance Training on PCSK9 Levels in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Rehabilitation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Randomized Study. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 23, 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-023-03571-7
Eibel, B., Marques, J. R., Dipp, T., Waclawovsky, G., Marschner, R. A., Boll, L. C., Kalil, R. A. K., Lehnen, A. M., Sales, A. R. K., & Irigoyen, M. C. C. (2022). Ventilatory Muscle Training for Early Cardiac Rehabilitation Improved Functional Capacity and Modulated Vascular Function of Individuals Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159340
Guazzi, M., Dickstein, K., Vicenzi, M., & Arena, R. (2009). Six-Minute Walk Test and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Circulation: Heart Failure, 2(6). https://doi.org/10.1161/circheartfailure.109.881326
Issa, H. M. N., & Ruel, M. (2023). Beating Heart Multi-Vessel Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Techniques and Pitfalls. Journal of Visualized Surgery, 9. https://doi.org/10.21037/jovs-22-5
Kasparov, B. S., Kovlen, D. V., Semiglazova, T. Y., Kondratieva, K. O., Ponomarenko, G. N., Kluge, V. A., Semiglazov, V. V., Frolov, O. N., Riazankina, A. A., & Beliaev, A. M. (2023). Comprehensive Analysis of the Efficacy of Personalized Rehabilitation Programs in Patients With Breast Cancer. Voprosy Kurortologii, Fizioterapii i Lechebnoi Fizicheskoi Kul’tury, 100(2). https://doi.org/10.17116/kurort202310002131
Li, H., Wei, M., Zhang, L., Huang, L., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Zhuang, S., Wu, X., & Wu, J. (2023). Factors Contributing to Exercise Tolerance in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. BMC Sports Science, Medicine & Rehabilitation, 15(35), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-023-00640-4
Li, Y., Feng, X., Chen, B., & Liu, H. (2021). Retrospective Analysis of Exercise Capacity in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention or Coronary Artery Bypass Graft. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2021.05.008
Malhotra, R., Bakken, K., D’Elia, E., & Lewis, G. D. (2016). Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Heart Failure. In JACC: Heart Failure, 4,(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2016.03.022
Origuchi, H., Itoh, H., Momomura, S. I., Nohara, R., Daida, H., Masuda, T., Kohzuki, M., Makita, S., Ueshima, K., Nagayama, M., Omiya, K., Adachi, H., & Goto, Y. (2020). Active Participation in Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Is Associated with Better Prognosis After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery ― J-REHAB CABG Study ―. Circulation Journal, 84(3). https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-19-0650
Panikar, V. I., Korshun, E. I., Anikin, S. G., Bochko, O. V., Voronina, E. A., Silyutina, M. V., & Kravchenko, E. S. (2021). Personalized Rehabilitation Program for Older Patients with Osteoarthritis. Sovremennaya Revmatologiya, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.14412/1996-7012-2021-3-69-74
Patil, A. M., & Thangvelu, P. D. (2020). Effect of Home Exercise Protocol on Exercise Tolerance and Quality of Life in Post CABG Subjects. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal, 14(20). https://doi.org/10.37506/ijpot.v14i2.2579
Pauletti, H. O., Gomes, W. J., Rocco, I. S., Viceconte, M., Garcia, B. C. M., Marcondi, N. O., Bublitz, C. B., Costa, A. D. S., de Paiva, T. P., Spina, G. D., Begot, I., Silva, C. C., Moreira, R. S. L., Branco, J. N. R., Vargas, G. F., Hossne, N. A., Arena, R., & Guizilini, S. (2023). Early Six-Minute Walk Test May Predict Midterm Outcomes Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery, 38(4). https://doi.org/10.21470/1678-9741-2022-0459
Piaggi, G., Paneroni, M., Maestri, R., Salvioni, E., Corrà, U., Caporotondi, A., Scalvini, S., Agostoni, P., & La Rovere, M. T. (2024). Estimating Maximum Work Rate During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing From The Six-Minute Walk Distance in Patients with Heart Failure. International Journal Of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Risk And Prevention, 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcrp.2024.200247
Rincé, G., Couturier, C., Berrut, G., Dylis, A., Montero-Odasso, M., & Deschamps, T. (2021). Impact of An Individual Personalised Rehabilitation Program on Mobility Performance in Older-Old People. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 33(10). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-021-01812-3
Robertson, L. C., Oates, K. E., Fletcher, A. J., & Sylvester, K. P. (2021). The Association of Six-Minute Walk Work and Other Clinical Measures to Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Parameters In Pulmonary Vascular Disease. Pulmonary Circulation, 11(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/20458940211059055
Saba, M. A., Goharpey, S., Attarbashi Moghadam, B., Salehi, R., & Nejatian, M. (2021). Correlation Between the 6-Min Walk Test and Exercise Tolerance Test in Cardiac Rehabilitation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Cross-sectional Study. Cardiology and Therapy, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40119-021-00210-0
Shawon, M. S. R., Hsu, B., Chard, R., Nicholson, I. A., Elias, V. L., Nicola, L. K., Moore, C. R., Hirschhorn, A. D., Jorm, L. R., & Mungovan, S. F. (2024). Six-Minute Walk Test Distance at Time of Hospital Discharge is Strongly and Independently Associated with All-Cause Mortality Following Cardiac Surgery. Scientific Reports, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52601-7
Sheraz, S., Ayub, H., Ferraro, F. V., Razzaq, A., & Malik, A. N. (2022). Clinically Meaningful Change in 6 Minute Walking Test and the Incremental Shuttle Walking Test following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114270
Souza, A. V, da Cunha Carvalho, R., da Cruz Dias, D., Santana, D. G. T., de Cássia Mascarenhas, H., Cordeiro, A. L. L., & Guimarães, A. R. F. (2024). Clinical And Functional Outcomes Associated With Pulmonary Complications After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-024-02538-9
Steinmetz, C., Bjarnason-Wehrens, B., Baumgarten, H., Walther, T., Mengden, T., & Walther, C. (2020). Prehabilitation In Patients Awaiting Elective Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery – Effects on Functional Capacity and Quality of Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 34(10). https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215520933950
Triantafyllidi, H., Birmpa, D., Benas, D., Trivilou, P., Fambri, A., & Iliodromitis, E. K. (2022). Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: The ABC for The clinical Cardiologist. In Cardiology (Switzerland) (Vol. 147, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1159/000520024
Ubare, T., Rathi, N., & Jaiswal, L. (2022). Postoperative Physical Therapy Following Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - A Case Report. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220319
Wahdan Abd El-Aziz, W., Attia Kandee, N., & Elsayed Mansour, H. (2020a). The Effect of Early Six-Minute Walking Test Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft on Walking Tolerance and Physiological Parameters. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhc.2020.177493
Wahdan Abd El-Aziz, W., Attia Kandee, N., & Elsayed Mansour, H. (2020b). The Effect of Early Six-Minute Walking Test Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft on Walking Tolerance and Physiological Parameters. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 11(3), 784–794. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhc.2020.177493
Zhang, S., Li, B., Meng, X., Zuo, H., & Hu, D. (2023). The Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) on Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. In Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine (Vol. 24, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2401016
Apriza, R., Hasan, H., Mukhtar, Z., Halim R, A., Akbar, N. Z., & Lubis, A. (2021). Six Minute Walking Test As Predictor for Mortality and Rehospitalization Within 3 Months in Post Coronary Bypass Surgery Patients. ACI (Acta Cardiologia Indonesiana), 7(1). https://doi.org/10.22146/jaci.v7i1.1118
Arsyi, D. H., Permana, P. B. D., Karim, R. I., & Abdurachman. (2022). The Role of Optimism in Manifesting Recovery Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Systematic Review. In Journal of Psychosomatic Research (Vol. 162). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111044
Baptista, V. C., Palhares, L. C., Oliveira, P. P. M. de, Silveira Filho, L. M., Vilarinho, K. A. de S., Severino, E. S. B. de O., Lavagnoli, C. F. R., & Petrucci, O. (2012). Six-Minute Walk Test as a Tool for Assessing the Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery. Revista Brasileira De Cirurgia Cardiovascular, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.5935/1678-9741.20120039
Chakkera, H., Roy, S., Steidley, E., Kalya, A., Gopalan, Reddy, K., Mulligan, D., Heilman, R., Hewitt, W., Khamash, H., Huskey, J., Moss, A., Katariya, N., & Scott, R. (2013). Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing for Cardiac Risk Assessment Prior to Kidney Transplantation. American Journal of Transplantation, 13. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijpot.v14i2.2579
De Cannière, H., Smeets, C. J. P., Schoutteten, M., Varon, C., Morales Tellez, J. F., Van Hoof, C., Van Huffel, S., Groenendaal, W., & Vandervoort, P. (2020). Short-Term Exercise Progression of Cardiovascular Patients Throughout Cardiac Rehabilitation: an Observational Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(10), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103160
Dolecinska, D., Przywarska, I., Podgórski, T., Dylewicz, P., & Lewandowski, J. (2021). Use of The Six-Minute Walk Test in Exercise Prescription in Male Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.5114/kitp.2020.102340
Dolecińska, D., Przywarska, I., Podgórski, T., Dylewicz, P., & Lewandowski, J. (2020). Use of the Six-Minute Walk Test in Exercise Prescription in Male Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska, 17(4), 183–188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5114/kitp.2020.102340
dos Santos, T. D., Pereira, S. N., Portela, L. O. C., Cardoso, D. M., Lago, P. D., dos Santos Guarda, N., Moresco, R. N., Pereira, M. B., & de Albuquerque, I. M. (2019). Moderate-To-High Intensity Inspiratory Muscle Training Improves the Effects of Combined Training on Exercise Capacity in Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. International Journal of Cardiology, 279, 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.12.013
Dwiputra, B., Santoso, A., Radi, B. S. P., & Ambari, A. M. (2023). The Effect of Resistance Training on PCSK9 Levels in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Rehabilitation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Randomized Study. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 23, 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-023-03571-7
Eibel, B., Marques, J. R., Dipp, T., Waclawovsky, G., Marschner, R. A., Boll, L. C., Kalil, R. A. K., Lehnen, A. M., Sales, A. R. K., & Irigoyen, M. C. C. (2022). Ventilatory Muscle Training for Early Cardiac Rehabilitation Improved Functional Capacity and Modulated Vascular Function of Individuals Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159340
Guazzi, M., Dickstein, K., Vicenzi, M., & Arena, R. (2009). Six-Minute Walk Test and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Circulation: Heart Failure, 2(6). https://doi.org/10.1161/circheartfailure.109.881326
Issa, H. M. N., & Ruel, M. (2023). Beating Heart Multi-Vessel Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Techniques and Pitfalls. Journal of Visualized Surgery, 9. https://doi.org/10.21037/jovs-22-5
Kasparov, B. S., Kovlen, D. V., Semiglazova, T. Y., Kondratieva, K. O., Ponomarenko, G. N., Kluge, V. A., Semiglazov, V. V., Frolov, O. N., Riazankina, A. A., & Beliaev, A. M. (2023). Comprehensive Analysis of the Efficacy of Personalized Rehabilitation Programs in Patients With Breast Cancer. Voprosy Kurortologii, Fizioterapii i Lechebnoi Fizicheskoi Kul’tury, 100(2). https://doi.org/10.17116/kurort202310002131
Li, H., Wei, M., Zhang, L., Huang, L., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Zhuang, S., Wu, X., & Wu, J. (2023). Factors Contributing to Exercise Tolerance in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. BMC Sports Science, Medicine & Rehabilitation, 15(35), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-023-00640-4
Li, Y., Feng, X., Chen, B., & Liu, H. (2021). Retrospective Analysis of Exercise Capacity in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention or Coronary Artery Bypass Graft. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2021.05.008
Malhotra, R., Bakken, K., D’Elia, E., & Lewis, G. D. (2016). Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Heart Failure. In JACC: Heart Failure, 4,(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2016.03.022
Origuchi, H., Itoh, H., Momomura, S. I., Nohara, R., Daida, H., Masuda, T., Kohzuki, M., Makita, S., Ueshima, K., Nagayama, M., Omiya, K., Adachi, H., & Goto, Y. (2020). Active Participation in Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Is Associated with Better Prognosis After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery ― J-REHAB CABG Study ―. Circulation Journal, 84(3). https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-19-0650
Panikar, V. I., Korshun, E. I., Anikin, S. G., Bochko, O. V., Voronina, E. A., Silyutina, M. V., & Kravchenko, E. S. (2021). Personalized Rehabilitation Program for Older Patients with Osteoarthritis. Sovremennaya Revmatologiya, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.14412/1996-7012-2021-3-69-74
Patil, A. M., & Thangvelu, P. D. (2020). Effect of Home Exercise Protocol on Exercise Tolerance and Quality of Life in Post CABG Subjects. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal, 14(20). https://doi.org/10.37506/ijpot.v14i2.2579
Pauletti, H. O., Gomes, W. J., Rocco, I. S., Viceconte, M., Garcia, B. C. M., Marcondi, N. O., Bublitz, C. B., Costa, A. D. S., de Paiva, T. P., Spina, G. D., Begot, I., Silva, C. C., Moreira, R. S. L., Branco, J. N. R., Vargas, G. F., Hossne, N. A., Arena, R., & Guizilini, S. (2023). Early Six-Minute Walk Test May Predict Midterm Outcomes Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery, 38(4). https://doi.org/10.21470/1678-9741-2022-0459
Piaggi, G., Paneroni, M., Maestri, R., Salvioni, E., Corrà, U., Caporotondi, A., Scalvini, S., Agostoni, P., & La Rovere, M. T. (2024). Estimating Maximum Work Rate During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing From The Six-Minute Walk Distance in Patients with Heart Failure. International Journal Of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Risk And Prevention, 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcrp.2024.200247
Rincé, G., Couturier, C., Berrut, G., Dylis, A., Montero-Odasso, M., & Deschamps, T. (2021). Impact of An Individual Personalised Rehabilitation Program on Mobility Performance in Older-Old People. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 33(10). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-021-01812-3
Robertson, L. C., Oates, K. E., Fletcher, A. J., & Sylvester, K. P. (2021). The Association of Six-Minute Walk Work and Other Clinical Measures to Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Parameters In Pulmonary Vascular Disease. Pulmonary Circulation, 11(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/20458940211059055
Saba, M. A., Goharpey, S., Attarbashi Moghadam, B., Salehi, R., & Nejatian, M. (2021). Correlation Between the 6-Min Walk Test and Exercise Tolerance Test in Cardiac Rehabilitation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Cross-sectional Study. Cardiology and Therapy, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40119-021-00210-0
Shawon, M. S. R., Hsu, B., Chard, R., Nicholson, I. A., Elias, V. L., Nicola, L. K., Moore, C. R., Hirschhorn, A. D., Jorm, L. R., & Mungovan, S. F. (2024). Six-Minute Walk Test Distance at Time of Hospital Discharge is Strongly and Independently Associated with All-Cause Mortality Following Cardiac Surgery. Scientific Reports, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52601-7
Sheraz, S., Ayub, H., Ferraro, F. V., Razzaq, A., & Malik, A. N. (2022). Clinically Meaningful Change in 6 Minute Walking Test and the Incremental Shuttle Walking Test following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114270
Souza, A. V, da Cunha Carvalho, R., da Cruz Dias, D., Santana, D. G. T., de Cássia Mascarenhas, H., Cordeiro, A. L. L., & Guimarães, A. R. F. (2024). Clinical And Functional Outcomes Associated With Pulmonary Complications After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-024-02538-9
Steinmetz, C., Bjarnason-Wehrens, B., Baumgarten, H., Walther, T., Mengden, T., & Walther, C. (2020). Prehabilitation In Patients Awaiting Elective Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery – Effects on Functional Capacity and Quality of Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 34(10). https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215520933950
Triantafyllidi, H., Birmpa, D., Benas, D., Trivilou, P., Fambri, A., & Iliodromitis, E. K. (2022). Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: The ABC for The clinical Cardiologist. In Cardiology (Switzerland) (Vol. 147, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1159/000520024
Ubare, T., Rathi, N., & Jaiswal, L. (2022). Postoperative Physical Therapy Following Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - A Case Report. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220319
Wahdan Abd El-Aziz, W., Attia Kandee, N., & Elsayed Mansour, H. (2020a). The Effect of Early Six-Minute Walking Test Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft on Walking Tolerance and Physiological Parameters. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhc.2020.177493
Wahdan Abd El-Aziz, W., Attia Kandee, N., & Elsayed Mansour, H. (2020b). The Effect of Early Six-Minute Walking Test Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft on Walking Tolerance and Physiological Parameters. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 11(3), 784–794. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhc.2020.177493
Zhang, S., Li, B., Meng, X., Zuo, H., & Hu, D. (2023). The Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) on Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. In Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine (Vol. 24, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2401016
Published
2024-12-31
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Copyright (c) 2024 Shintia Ekawati, Yulis Setiya Dewi, Erna Dwi Wahyuni, Sifira Kristiningrum
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