Stres Pengasuhan Orang Tua dari Anak dengan Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 1 di Era Pandemi COVID-19
Abstract
This study aims to describe the parenting stress experienced by parents who have children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and the factors that influence it. The method used in this research is literature study using Online Database Science Direct, Clinical Key, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. The results showed that there are two main themes identified, namely parenting stress and factors that influence parenting stress in parents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Parenting stress increases in parents who have children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and mothers have higher stress levels than dad. Factors that influence parenting stress consist of the child's age, the child's HbA1c value and time since diagnosis, the sex of parents based on the role of father and mother, economic status, marital status and parents' employment status. In conclusion, there are various characteristics of the child and the characteristics of parents that can be factors that influence parenting stress. The factor HbA1c score and age of the child were most frequently associated with parenting stress.
Keywords: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Parents, COVID-19 Pandemic, Parenting Stress
References
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Solveig, A., & Graue, M. (2018). Being Mothers and Fathers of a Child with Type 1 Diabetes Aged 1 to 7 Years : A Phenomenological Study Of Parents’ Experiences. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 13(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2018.1487758
Tomette, A., Henderson, J. N., Hass, A., Carson, L. D., & King, K. (2020). Parental Stress as a Child with Diabetes Transitions from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood. Journal of Patient Experience, 7(3), 365–371. https://doi.org/10.1177/2374373519842963
Verma, A., Rajput, R., Verma, S., Balania, V. K. B., & Jangra, B. (2020). Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews Impact of Lockdown In COVID-19 on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(5), 1213–1216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.016
Arora, R., Shaiju, B., & Hashmi, S. (2020). A Study to Assess the Knowledge , Stress Level and Coping Strategies among Mothers of Child with Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). International Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Research, 6(4), 28–33. https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.9318.201929
Chowdhury, S., & Goswami, S. (2020). COVID-19 and Type 1 Diabetes: Dealing with the Difficult Duo. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13410-020-00846-z
Elbarbary, N. S., Agwu, J. C., Jeronimo, T., Beaufort, C. D., Calliari, L. E., & Scaramuzza, A. E. (2020). COVID-19 Outbreak and Pediatric Diabetes : Perceptions of Health Care Professionals Worldwide. Pediatr Diabetes, 21, 1083–1092. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13084
Gampelaere, C. V., Luyckx, K., Straaten, S. V. D., Casteels, K., Vanbesien, J., Laridaen, J., & Goethals, E. R. (2020). Families with Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Comparison with the General Population on Child Well-Being, Parental Distress, and Parenting Behavior. Pediatr Diabetes, 21(2), 395–408. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12942
Hassouneh, O., Nsour, M., Khuan, L., & Al-oran, H. M. (2020). Parental Stress among Parents of Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus : A Review. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 16(2), 248–253. https://www.alliedacademies.org/current-pediatrics/
Holuka, C., Merz, M. P., Fernandes, S. B., Charalambous, E. G., Seal, S. V, Grova, N., & Turner, J. D. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic : Does Our Early Life Environment , Life Trajectory and Socioeconomic Status Determine Disease Susceptibility and Severity ? International Journal of Molecular Science, 21(14), 1–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145094
Jethwani, P. (2020). Management of Children and Adolescents Having Type 1 Diabetes during COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Challenges and Solutions. International Journal Diabetes Dev Ctries, 15, 335–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-020-00865-w
Khemakhem, R., Dridi, Y., Hamza, M., Ben Hamouda, A., Khlayfia, Z., Ouerda, H., Halioui, S., Siala, N., Belhadj, A., & Maherzi, A. (2020). How do Parents of Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Cope and How does This Condition Affect Caregivers’ Mental Health? Archives de Pediatrie, 27(5), 265–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2020.05.001
Larson, M. R., Limbers, C. A., Latendresse, S. J., & Teasdale, A. (2020). The Pediatric Inventory for Parents : Development of A Short- Form in Fathers of Children With Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Child Care Health Dev, 46(4), 468–484. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12769
Lee, S., Tsai, A. M., Physician, A., & Chang, S. (2020). Modelling Individual, Parental and Peer Factors to Glycaemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Prospective Study. J Adv Nurs, 76(5), 1162–1171. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14317
Limbers, C. A., & Teasdale, A. (2018). Parenting Stress in Fathers of Children Eith Type 1 Diabetes. Family & Community Health, 41(2), 117–122. https://doi.org/10.1097/FCH.0000000000000185
Padila, P., Panzilion, P., Andri, J., Nurhayati, N., & J, H. (2021). Pengalaman Ibu Usia Remaja Melahirkan Anak di Masa Pandemi COVID-19. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING), 3(1), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.31539/joting.v3i1.2075
Riso, D. D., Bassi, G., Mancinelli, E., Za, S., Salcuni, S., & Ma, C. (2020). Mothers and Fathers Parenting Stress and Their Perception of Children ’ s Psychosocial Functioning in Paediatric Diabetes : A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134734
Sand, P., Blom, M. D., Forsander, G., Lundin, C. S., Sand, P., Blom, M. D., Forsander, G., & Lundin, C. S. (2018). Family Dynamics when a Child Becomes Chronically Ill : Impact of Type 1 Diabetes onset in Children and Adolescents. Nordic Psychology, 2276, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2017.1362990
Setyawati, A., Ngo, T., Padila, P., & Andri, J. (2020). Obesity and Heredity for Diabetes Mellitus among Elderly. JOSING: Journal of Nursing and Health, 1(1), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.31539/josing.v1i1.1149
Solveig, A., & Graue, M. (2018). Being Mothers and Fathers of a Child with Type 1 Diabetes Aged 1 to 7 Years : A Phenomenological Study Of Parents’ Experiences. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 13(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2018.1487758
Tomette, A., Henderson, J. N., Hass, A., Carson, L. D., & King, K. (2020). Parental Stress as a Child with Diabetes Transitions from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood. Journal of Patient Experience, 7(3), 365–371. https://doi.org/10.1177/2374373519842963
Verma, A., Rajput, R., Verma, S., Balania, V. K. B., & Jangra, B. (2020). Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews Impact of Lockdown In COVID-19 on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(5), 1213–1216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.016
