Intervensi Pemberdayaan Berbasis Keluarga terhadap Peningkatan Perilaku Perawatan Diri Pasien dengan Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2
Abstract
This study aims to identify the effect of family empowerment intervention on the self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The research method used was quantitative with a Quasy Experimental Non-Equivalent Control Group Pretest-Postest Design. Respondents in this study were patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus totaling 70 respondents. Data were collected using the Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire consisting of 14 question items. Data were analyzed using parametric tests (paired t-test and t-test for independent groups). The results of this study indicate a difference between the mean value of self-care in the intervention group and the control group after being given treatment with a p-value of 0.001 (t = -19,027; p-value = 0.001). In conclusion, family empowerment intervention affects self-care in DMT2 patients.
Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Family Empowerment, Self Care
References
Abrar, E. A., Yusuf, S., Sjattar, E. L., & Rachmawaty, R. (2019). Development and Evaluation Educational Videos of Diabetic Foot Care in Traditional Languages to Enhance Knowledge of Patients Diagnosed with Diabetes and Risk for Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Primary Care Diabetes, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2019.06.005
Amelia, R., Lelo, A., Lindarto, D., & Mutiara, E. (2018). Analysis of Factors Affecting the Self-Care Behaviors of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients in Binjai, North Sumatera-Indonesia. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, 20(2), 361–367. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.363
Arda Sürücü, H., Büyükkaya Besen, D., & Erbil, E. Y. (2018). Empowerment and Social Support as Predictors of Self-Care Behaviors and Glycemic Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Clinical Nursing Research, 27(4), 395–413. https://doi.org/10.1177/1054773816688940
Bahadir-Yilmaz, E., & Öz, F. (2018). The Effectiveness of Empowerment Program on Increasing Self-Esteem, Learned Resourcefulness, and Coping Ways in Women Exposed to Domestic Violence. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 39(2), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2017.1368750
Baldoni, N. R., Aquino, J. A., Sanches-Giraud, C., Di Lorenzo Oliveira, C., de Figueiredo, R. C., Cardoso, C. S., Santos, T. R., Alves, G. C. S., Dal Fabbro, A. L., & Baldoni, A. O. (2017). Collective Empowerment Strategies for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Primary Care Diabetes, 11(2), 201–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2016.09.006
Cheng, L., Sit, J. W. H., Choi, K. chow, Chair, S. ying, Li, X., Wu, Y., Long, J., & Tao, M. (2018). Effectiveness of a Patient-Centred, Empowerment-Based Intervention Programme among Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised Controlled Trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 79, 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.10.021
Cortez, D. N., Macedo, M. M. L., Souza, D. A. S., Dos Santos, J. C., Afonso, G. S., Reis, I. A., & Torres, H. D. C. (2017). Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Empowerment Program for Self-Care in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cluster Randomized Trial. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3937-5
Coser, A., Sittner, K. J., Walls, M. L., & Handeland, T. (2018). Caregiving Stress among American Indians With Type 2 Diabetes: The Importance of Awareness of Connectedness and Family Support. Journal of Family Nursing, 24(4), 621–639. https://doi.org/10.1177/1074840718810550
D’Souza, M. S., Karkada, S. N., Parahoo, K., Venkatesaperumal, R., Achora, S., & Cayaban, A. R. R. (2017). Self-Efficacy and Self-Care Behaviours among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Applied Nursing Research, 36, 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2017.05.004
Etemadifar, S., Heidari, M., Jivad, N., & Masoudi, R. (2018). Effects of Family-Centered Empowerment Intervention on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Among Family Caregivers of Patients with Epilepsy. Epilepsy and Behavior, 88, 106–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.08.030
Gomes, L. C., Coelho, A. C. M., Gomides, D. dos S., Foss-Freitas, M. C., Foss, M. C., & Pace, A. E. (2017). Contribution of Family Social Support to the Metabolic Control of People with Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Applied Nursing Research, 36, 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2017.05.009
Gorina, M., Limonero, J. T., & Ãlvarez, M. (2018). Effectiveness of Primary Healthcare Educational Interventions Undertaken by Nurses to Improve Chronic Disease Management in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 86, 139–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.06.016
Kashaninia, Z., Payrovee, Z., Soltani, R., & Mahdaviani, S. A. (2018). Effect of Family Empowerment on Asthma Control in School-Age Children. Tanaffos, 17(1), 47–52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6087534/pdf/Tanaffos-17-47.pdf
Kumaat, L. T. (2017). Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Sikap Penderita Diabetes Melitus (DM) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tinoor. Jurnal Keperawatan, 5(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.35790/jkp.v5i2.17800
Luthfa, I., & Ardian, I. (2019). Effects of Family Empowerment on Increasing Family Support in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 9(1), 58-68. https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v9i1.22501
Malini, H., Yeni, F., & Saputri, D. E. (2018). The Effect of InGDEP on Type 2 Diabetes Patients’ Knowledge and Self-Care. Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran, 6(3), 235–242. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkp.v6i3.696
McEwen, M. M., Pasvogel, A., Murdaugh, C., & Hepworth, J. (2017). Effects of a Family-based Diabetes Intervention on Behavioral and Biological Outcomes for Mexican American Adults. Diabetes Educator, 43(3), 272–285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721717706031
Rasnah, R., Sjattar, E. L., & Yusuf, S. (2019). Efektifitas Pemberdayaan Keluarga terhadap Kontrol Metabolik pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah, 4(2), 130-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/jkm.v4i2.3067
Sakanashi, S., & Fujita, K. (2017). Empowerment of Family Caregivers of Adults and Elderly Persons: A Concept Analysis. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 23(5), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12573
Sari, Y., Purnawan, I., Taufik, A., & Sumeru, A. (2018). Quality of Life and Associated Factors in Indonesian Diabetic Patients with Foot Ulcers. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 8(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v8i1.16815
Suhanda, Y., Afgani, A., & Feriandi, Y. (2016). Gambaran Tingkat Self Care pada Pasien Rawat Jalan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSUD Al-Ihsan Provinsi Jawa Barat. Prosiding Pendidikan Dokter, 2(2), 630-637. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/kedokteran.v0i0.4742
Tavares, M. L. O., Pimenta, A. M., GarcÃa-Vivar, C., Beinner, M. A., & Montenegro, L. C. (2019). Relationship Between Level of Care Dependency and Quality of Life of Family Caregivers of Care-Dependent Patients. Journal of Family Nursing, 26(1), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/1074840719885220
Wichit, N., Mnatzaganian, G., Courtney, M., Schulz, P., & Johnson, M. (2017). Randomized Controlled Trial of a Family-Oriented Self-Management Program to Improve Self-Efficacy, Glycemic Control and Quality of Life among Thai Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 123, 37–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2016.11.013
Amelia, R., Lelo, A., Lindarto, D., & Mutiara, E. (2018). Analysis of Factors Affecting the Self-Care Behaviors of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients in Binjai, North Sumatera-Indonesia. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, 20(2), 361–367. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.363
Arda Sürücü, H., Büyükkaya Besen, D., & Erbil, E. Y. (2018). Empowerment and Social Support as Predictors of Self-Care Behaviors and Glycemic Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Clinical Nursing Research, 27(4), 395–413. https://doi.org/10.1177/1054773816688940
Bahadir-Yilmaz, E., & Öz, F. (2018). The Effectiveness of Empowerment Program on Increasing Self-Esteem, Learned Resourcefulness, and Coping Ways in Women Exposed to Domestic Violence. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 39(2), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2017.1368750
Baldoni, N. R., Aquino, J. A., Sanches-Giraud, C., Di Lorenzo Oliveira, C., de Figueiredo, R. C., Cardoso, C. S., Santos, T. R., Alves, G. C. S., Dal Fabbro, A. L., & Baldoni, A. O. (2017). Collective Empowerment Strategies for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Primary Care Diabetes, 11(2), 201–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2016.09.006
Cheng, L., Sit, J. W. H., Choi, K. chow, Chair, S. ying, Li, X., Wu, Y., Long, J., & Tao, M. (2018). Effectiveness of a Patient-Centred, Empowerment-Based Intervention Programme among Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised Controlled Trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 79, 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.10.021
Cortez, D. N., Macedo, M. M. L., Souza, D. A. S., Dos Santos, J. C., Afonso, G. S., Reis, I. A., & Torres, H. D. C. (2017). Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Empowerment Program for Self-Care in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cluster Randomized Trial. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3937-5
Coser, A., Sittner, K. J., Walls, M. L., & Handeland, T. (2018). Caregiving Stress among American Indians With Type 2 Diabetes: The Importance of Awareness of Connectedness and Family Support. Journal of Family Nursing, 24(4), 621–639. https://doi.org/10.1177/1074840718810550
D’Souza, M. S., Karkada, S. N., Parahoo, K., Venkatesaperumal, R., Achora, S., & Cayaban, A. R. R. (2017). Self-Efficacy and Self-Care Behaviours among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Applied Nursing Research, 36, 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2017.05.004
Etemadifar, S., Heidari, M., Jivad, N., & Masoudi, R. (2018). Effects of Family-Centered Empowerment Intervention on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Among Family Caregivers of Patients with Epilepsy. Epilepsy and Behavior, 88, 106–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.08.030
Gomes, L. C., Coelho, A. C. M., Gomides, D. dos S., Foss-Freitas, M. C., Foss, M. C., & Pace, A. E. (2017). Contribution of Family Social Support to the Metabolic Control of People with Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Applied Nursing Research, 36, 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2017.05.009
Gorina, M., Limonero, J. T., & Ãlvarez, M. (2018). Effectiveness of Primary Healthcare Educational Interventions Undertaken by Nurses to Improve Chronic Disease Management in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 86, 139–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.06.016
Kashaninia, Z., Payrovee, Z., Soltani, R., & Mahdaviani, S. A. (2018). Effect of Family Empowerment on Asthma Control in School-Age Children. Tanaffos, 17(1), 47–52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6087534/pdf/Tanaffos-17-47.pdf
Kumaat, L. T. (2017). Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Sikap Penderita Diabetes Melitus (DM) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tinoor. Jurnal Keperawatan, 5(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.35790/jkp.v5i2.17800
Luthfa, I., & Ardian, I. (2019). Effects of Family Empowerment on Increasing Family Support in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 9(1), 58-68. https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v9i1.22501
Malini, H., Yeni, F., & Saputri, D. E. (2018). The Effect of InGDEP on Type 2 Diabetes Patients’ Knowledge and Self-Care. Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran, 6(3), 235–242. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkp.v6i3.696
McEwen, M. M., Pasvogel, A., Murdaugh, C., & Hepworth, J. (2017). Effects of a Family-based Diabetes Intervention on Behavioral and Biological Outcomes for Mexican American Adults. Diabetes Educator, 43(3), 272–285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721717706031
Rasnah, R., Sjattar, E. L., & Yusuf, S. (2019). Efektifitas Pemberdayaan Keluarga terhadap Kontrol Metabolik pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah, 4(2), 130-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/jkm.v4i2.3067
Sakanashi, S., & Fujita, K. (2017). Empowerment of Family Caregivers of Adults and Elderly Persons: A Concept Analysis. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 23(5), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12573
Sari, Y., Purnawan, I., Taufik, A., & Sumeru, A. (2018). Quality of Life and Associated Factors in Indonesian Diabetic Patients with Foot Ulcers. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 8(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v8i1.16815
Suhanda, Y., Afgani, A., & Feriandi, Y. (2016). Gambaran Tingkat Self Care pada Pasien Rawat Jalan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSUD Al-Ihsan Provinsi Jawa Barat. Prosiding Pendidikan Dokter, 2(2), 630-637. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/kedokteran.v0i0.4742
Tavares, M. L. O., Pimenta, A. M., GarcÃa-Vivar, C., Beinner, M. A., & Montenegro, L. C. (2019). Relationship Between Level of Care Dependency and Quality of Life of Family Caregivers of Care-Dependent Patients. Journal of Family Nursing, 26(1), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/1074840719885220
Wichit, N., Mnatzaganian, G., Courtney, M., Schulz, P., & Johnson, M. (2017). Randomized Controlled Trial of a Family-Oriented Self-Management Program to Improve Self-Efficacy, Glycemic Control and Quality of Life among Thai Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 123, 37–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2016.11.013
