Penerapan Teknologi Virtual Reality terhadap Perilaku Nyeri Pasien Pasca Bedah ORIF Fraktur Ekstremitas Bawah Saat Penggantian Balutan Luka
Abstract
This study aims to identify the effect of applying virtual reality technology on pain behavior in postoperative ORIF patients with lower extremity fractures during dressing changes. The type of research used is a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The sample in this study amounted to 50 patients after ORIF surgery for lower extremity fractures who underwent a wound dressing replacement procedure with a consecutive sampling technique. The research instrument consisted of a demographic data questionnaire, virtual reality devices and media and the Behavioral Pain Scale-Non Intubated (BPS-NI). The results showed that as many as 22 respondents (88%) who received virtual reality intervention when changing wound dressings did not show any pain, while the other 3 respondents experienced mild pain (12%). The results of the statistical test analysis Wilcoxon-Signed Ranked and Mann Whitney obtained a p-value <0.05. In conclusion, there is an effect of applying virtual reality technology in reducing pain as indicated by changes in pain behavior of patients after ORIF surgery for lower extremity fractures when changing wound dressings.
Keywords: Change of Wound Bandage, Pain Behavior, Virtual Reality
References
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Dieu, A., Huynen, P., Lavand’homme, P., Beloeil, H., Freys, S. M., Pogatzki-Zahn, E. M., Joshi, G. P., & Van de Velde, M. (2021). Pain Management after Open Liver Resection: Procedure-Specific Postoperative Pain Management (PROSPECT) Recommendations. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 46(5), 433–435. https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2020-101933
Ding, J., He, Y., Chen, L., Zhu, B., Cai, Q., Chen, K., & Liu, G. (2019). Virtual Reality Distraction Decreases Pain during Daily Dressing Changes Following Haemorrhoid Surgery. Journal of International Medical Research, 47(9), 4380–4388. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060519857862
Elrazek, F. A., & Hassan, G. A. (2019). Effect of Virtual Reality Technology on Pain during Dressing Change among Children with Burn Injuries. IOS Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 8(6), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0806043746
Fiala, C. A., Abbott, L. I., Carter, C. D., Hillis, S. L., Wolf, J. S., Schuster, M., Dulski, R., Grice, E. A., Rakel, B. A., & Gardner, S. E. (2018). Severe Pain during Wound Care Procedures: A Cross Sectional Study Protocol. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 74(8), 1964–1974. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13699
Gardner, S. E., Abbott, L. I., Fiala, C. A., & Rakel, B. A. (2017). Factors Associated with High Pain Intensity during Wound Care Procedures: A Model. Wound Repair and Regeneration, 25(4), 558–563. https://doi.org/10.1111/wrr.12553.
Gates, M., Hartling, L., Shulhan-Kilroy, J., MacGregor, T., Guitard, S., Wingert, A., Featherstone, R., Vandermeer, B., Poonai, N., Kircher, J., Perry, S., Graham, T. A. D., Scott, S. D., & Ali, S. (2020). Digital Technology Distraction for Acute Pain in Children: A Meta-Analysis. Pediatrics, 145(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-1139
Gethin, G., Probst, S., Stryja, J., Christiansen, N., & Price, P. (2020). Evidence for Person-Centred Care in Chronic Wound Care. Journal of Wound Care, 29(9), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2020.29.Sup9b.S1
He, Z. H., Yang, H. M., Dela Rosa, R. D., & De Ala, M. B. (2022). The Effects of Virtual Reality Technology on Reducing Pain in Wound Care: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. International Wound Journal, 19(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13785
Hoffman, H. G., Patterson, D. R., Rodriguez, R. A., Peña, R., Beck, W., & Meyer, W. J. (2020). Virtual Reality Analgesia for Children With Large Severe Burn Wounds during Burn Wound Debridement. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 1(12), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2020.602299
Hoffman, H. G., Rodriguez, R. A., Gonzalez, M., Bernardy, M., Peña, R., Beck, W., Patterson, D. R., & Meyer, W. J. (2019). Immersive Virtual Reality as an Adjunctive Non-Opioid Analgesic for Pre-Dominantly Latin American Children with Large Severe Burn Wounds during Burn Wound Cleaning in the Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 13(262), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2019.00262
Hughes, J. A., Chiu, J., Brown, N. J., Hills, A., Allwood, B., & Chu, K. (2021). The Documentation of Pain Intensity and Its Influences on Care in the Emergency Department. International Emergency Nursing, 57(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2021.101015
Indovina, P., Barone, D., Gallo, L., Chirico, A., De Pietro, G., & Giordano, A. (2018). Virtual Reality as a Distraction Intervention to Relieve Pain and Distress During Medical Procedures. Clinical Journal of Pain, 34(9), 858–877. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000599
Liberatore, M. J., & Wagner, W. P. (2021). Virtual, Mixed, and Augmented Reality: A Systematic Review for Immersive Systems Research. Virtual Reality, 25(3), 773–799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-020-00492-0
Mirhaj, M., Labbaf, S., Tavakoli, M., & Seifalian, A. M. (2022). Emerging Treatment Strategies in Wound Care. International Wound Journal, 19(4), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13786
Nobre, A. de P., de Melo, G. M., Gauer, G., & Wagemans, J. (2020). Implicit Processing during Inattentional Blindness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 119(12), 355–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.005
Olsen, B. F., Valeberg, B. T., Jacobsen, M., Småstuen, M. C., Puntillo, K., & Rustøen, T. (2021). Pain in Intensive Care Unit Patients-A Longitudinal Study. Nursing Open, 8(1), 224–231. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.621
Saquib, J., AlMohaimeed, H. A., AlOlayan, S. A., AlRebdi, N. A., AlBulaihi, J. I., AlMugbel, R. A., AlDughaishm, Y. M., AlBahli, H. K., & Saquib, N. (2022). Effect of Interactive Vs. Passive Virtual Reality on Pain Threshold and Tolerance. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 22(1), 167–172. https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2021-0046
Spiegel, B., Fuller, G., Lopez, M., Dupuy, T., Noah, B., Howard, A., Albert, M., Tashjian, V., Lam, R., Ahn, J., Dailey, F., Rosen, B. T., Vrahas, M., Little, M., Garlich, J., Dzubur, E., IsHak, W., & Danovitch, I. (2019). Virtual Reality for Management of Pain in Hospitalized Patients: A Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Trial. PLoS ONE, 14(8), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219115
Theingi, S., Leopold, I., Ola, T., Cohen, G. S., & Maresky, H. S. (2021). Virtual Reality as a Non-Pharmacological Adjunct to Reduce the Use of Analgesics in Hospitals. Journal of Cognitive Enhancement, 6(1), 108–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-021-00212-9
Toma, E., Veneziano, M. L., Filomeno, L., Villa, A., Rosato, E., & La Torre, G. (2020). Nursing Assessment of Wound-Related Pain: An Italian Learning Survey. Advances in Skin and Wound Care, 33(10), 540–548. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASW.0000695772.37897.ab
Trost, Z., France, C., Anam, M., & Shum, C. (2021). Virtual Reality Approaches to Pain: Toward a State of the Science. Pain, 162(2), 325–331. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002060
Weinraub, G. M., Newport, I., Kim, B. K., Zhu, S., & Patel, S. (2021). Outcomes Following Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Ankle Fractures (ORIF) by Podiatric Surgeons. The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery, 60(5), 960–963. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2021.04.004
