Latihan Berjalan dengan Kontrol Pernapasan pada Penderita Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK): Studi Fenomenologi
Abstract
This study aims to explore the experience of walking exercise with breathing control in COPD patients. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive phenomenological approach. Participants in this study amounted to 15 people with COPD. Data obtained from in-depth interviews, then analyzed using the Colaizzi method. The results showed that five themes were identified, namely: 1) the implementation of walking exercises with breathing control; 2) increased physical activity and quality of life; 3) increase oxygen demand and reduce shortness of breath; 4) reduce anxiety and improve sleep quality; and 5) family support. In conclusion, walking and breathing exercises are good exercise choices for COPD because they can meet oxygen needs, reduce shortness of breath, reduce anxiety and stress in COPD.
Keywords: Breathing Control, Walking Exercise, COPD
References
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Mohamed, S. A. (2019). The Effects of Positioning and Pursed-Lip Breathing Exercise on Dyspnea and Anxiety Status in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 9(6), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v9n6p41
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Özer, Z., Bahçecioğlu Turan, G., & Aksoy, M. (2021). The Effects of Yoga on Dyspnea, Sleep and Fatigue in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 43, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101306
Robinson, H., Williams, V., Curtis, F., Bridle, C., & Jones, A. W. (2018). Facilitators and Barriers to Physical Activity Following Pulmonary Rehabilitation in COPD: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies. Npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine, 28(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41533-018-0085-7
Simonÿ, C., Andersen, I. C., Bodtger, U., & Birkelund, R. (2019). Breathing Through a Troubled Life–A Phenomenological-Hermeneutic Study of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients’ Lived Experiences during the Course of Pulmonary Rehabilitation. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 14(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2019.1647401
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Ulfathinah, A., Rachmi, S. F., & Indracahyani, A. (2019). Characteristics Affecting Sleep Quality of COPD Patients. Enfermeria Clinica, 29, 30–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.005
WHO. (2019). Chronic Respiratory Diseases Burden of COPD. https://www.who.int/respiratory/copd/burden/en/
Yohannes, A. M., Dryden, S., Casaburi, R., & Hanania, N. A. (2021). Long-Term Benefits of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with COPD: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study. Chest, 159(3), 967–974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.032
Brighton, L. J., Bristowe, K., Bayly, J., Ogden, M., Farquhar, M., Evans, C. J., Man, W. D. C., & Maddocks, M. (2020). Experiences of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in People Living with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Frailty a Qualitative Interview Study. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 17(10), 1213–1221. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201910-800OC
De Roos, P., Lucas, C., Strijbos, J. H., & van Trijffel, E. (2018). Effectiveness of a Combined Exercise Training and Home-Based Walking Programme on Physical Activity Compared with Standard Medical Care in Moderate COPD: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Physiotherapy (United Kingdom), 104(1), 116–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2016.08.005
Ferreira, D. H., Kochovska, S., Honson, A., Phillips, J. L., & Currow, D. C. (2020). Two Faces of the Same Coin : A Qualitative Study of Patients’ and Carers’ Coexistence with Chronic Breathlessness Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). BMC Palliative Care, 19(64), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-020-00572-7
GBD. (2020). Global Burden of Disease Study 2019: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease — Level 3 Cause. https://www.healthdata.org/results/gbd_summaries/2019/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-level-3-cause
GOLD. (2019). Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). 1–49. www.goldcopd.org
Hindelang, M., Kirsch, F., & Leidl, R. (2020). Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological COPD Management on Health-Related Quality of Life - A Systematic Review. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, 20(1), 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737167.2020.1734455
Hirakawa, Y., Hirahara, S., Yamaguchi, Y., Yamanaka, T., Arai, H., & Miura, H. (2021). Improving the Quality of Community Primary Palliative Care in COPD: A Qualitative Study of Health-Care Providers. Home Health Care Services Quarterly, 40(1), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621424.2020.1845272
Ho, T., Cusack, R. P., Chaudhary, N., Satia, I., & Kurmi, O. P. (2019). Under-and Over-Diagnosis of COPD: A Global Perspective. Breathe, 15(1), 24–35. https://doi.org/10.1183/20734735.0346-2018
Jacobsen, R., Frølich, A., & Godtfredsen, N. S. (2021). Impact of Exercise Capacity on Dyspnea And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 32(2), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0b013e31823be107
Kauppi, W., Herlitz, J., Magnusson, C., Palmér, L., & Axelsson, C. (2020). Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Dyspnoea as the Main Symptom, Assessed By Prehospital Emergency Nurses- A Retrospective Observational Study. BMC Emergency Medicine, 20(67), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-020-00363-6
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2018). Hasil Utama Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS). https://kesmas.kemkes.go.id/assets/upload/dir_519d41d8cd98f00/files/Hasil-riskesdas-2018_1274.pdf
Kitamura, S., Igarashi, A., Yamauchi, Y., Senjyu, H., Horie, T., & Yamamoto-Mitani, N. (2020). Self-Management Activities of Older People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Types of Healthcare Services Utilised: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 15(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/opn.12316
Kofod, L. M., Hage, T., Christiansen, L. H., Skalkam, K., Martinez, G., Godtfredsen, N. S., & Molsted, S. (2020). Inspiratory Muscle Strength and Walking Capacity in Patients with COPD. European Clinical Respiratory Journal, 7(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/20018525.2019.1700086
Lareau, S. C., Fahy, B., & Meek, P. (2020). Breathlessness-Shortness of Breath. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 202, 3-4. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2020C7
Lin, F. L., Yeh, M. L., Lai, Y. H., Lin, K. C., Yu, C. J., & Chang, J. S. (2019). Two-Month Breathing-Based Walking Improves Anxiety, Depression, Dyspnoea and Quality of Life in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomised Controlled Study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(19–20), 3632–3640. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14960
Mohamed, S. A. (2019). The Effects of Positioning and Pursed-Lip Breathing Exercise on Dyspnea and Anxiety Status in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 9(6), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v9n6p41
Ningsih, A. D., Amin, M., & Bakar, A. (2019). The Effect of Walking Exercise and Pursed Lips Breathing on Signs and Symptoms of COPD Patients: A Systematic Review. Proceedings of the 9th International Nursing Conference (INC 2018), 287–291. https://doi.org/10.5220/0008324002870291
Ovsyannikov, E. S., Avdeev, S. N., Budnevsky, A. V., & Shkatova, Y. S. (2019). Influence of Anxiety/Depression on the Subjective Evaluation of Cough in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Obesity. Medicina (Lithuania), 55(5), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55050134
Özer, Z., Bahçecioğlu Turan, G., & Aksoy, M. (2021). The Effects of Yoga on Dyspnea, Sleep and Fatigue in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 43, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101306
Robinson, H., Williams, V., Curtis, F., Bridle, C., & Jones, A. W. (2018). Facilitators and Barriers to Physical Activity Following Pulmonary Rehabilitation in COPD: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies. Npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine, 28(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41533-018-0085-7
Simonÿ, C., Andersen, I. C., Bodtger, U., & Birkelund, R. (2019). Breathing Through a Troubled Life–A Phenomenological-Hermeneutic Study of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients’ Lived Experiences during the Course of Pulmonary Rehabilitation. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 14(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2019.1647401
Strang, S., Fährn, J., Strang, P., Ronstad, A., & Danielsson, L. (2019). Support to Informal Caregivers of Patients with Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Qualitative Study of Caregivers’ and Professionals’ Experiences in Swedish Hospitals. BMJ Open, 9(8), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028720
Ulfathinah, A., Rachmi, S. F., & Indracahyani, A. (2019). Characteristics Affecting Sleep Quality of COPD Patients. Enfermeria Clinica, 29, 30–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.005
WHO. (2019). Chronic Respiratory Diseases Burden of COPD. https://www.who.int/respiratory/copd/burden/en/
Yohannes, A. M., Dryden, S., Casaburi, R., & Hanania, N. A. (2021). Long-Term Benefits of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with COPD: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study. Chest, 159(3), 967–974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.032
