Studi Fenomenologi: Pengalaman Kepala Ruangan dalam Melakukan Supervisi pada Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap COVID-19
Abstract
This study aims to explore the experience of the head of the room in supervising nurses in the COVID-19 inpatient room. The method used is a qualitative method by determining the sample by purposive sampling. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with several government and private hospitals in Medan City. The results showed that there were five themes regarding the experience of the head of the room in supervising nurses, namely: 1) implementing several approaches to the implementation of the supervisory function of nurses in the COVID-19 inpatient ward; 2) try various efforts to strengthen follow-up supervision; 3) feel the benefits of carrying out supervision of nurses in the COVID-19 inpatient ward; 4) experiencing psychological pressure when supervising nurses in the COVID-19 inpatient room; 5) experiencing problems when carrying out supervision of nurses in the COVID-19 inpatient room. In conclusion, supervision activities can improve the competence, skills, knowledge and manage the performance of nurses in the COVID-19 inpatient room.
Keywords: COVID-19, Head of Room, Nurse, Nurse Manager, Supervision, Supervisor
References
Cho, M. J., Kim, O., Pang, Y., Kim, B., Jeong, H., Lee, J., Jung, H., Jeong, S. Y., Park, H. Y., Choi, H., & Dan, H. (2021). Factors Affecting Frontline Korean Nurses’ Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Council of Nurses, 68(2), 256–265. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12679
Deussom, R., Mwarey, D., Bayu, M., Abdullah, S. S., & Marcus, R. (2022). Systematic Review of Performance Enhancing Health Worker Supervision Approaches in Low and Middle Income Countries. Human Resources for Health, 20(2) 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-021-00692-y
Driscoll, J., Stacey, G., Harrison-Dening, K., Boyd, C., & Shaw, T. (2019). Enhancing the quality of clinical supervision in nursing practice. Nursing Standard, 34(5), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2019.e11228
Fernet, C., Gillet, N., Austin, S., Trépanier, S. G., & Drouin-Rousseau, S. (2021). Predicting Nurses’ Occupational Commitment and Turnover Intention: The Role of Autonomous Motivation and Supervisor and Coworker Behaviours. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(8), 2611–2619. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13433
Gao, Z., & Tan, F. P. L. (2021). Nurses Experiences in Response to COVIDâ€19 in a Psychiatric Ward in Singapore. International Council of Nurses, 68(2), 196-201. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12680
Hennus, M. P., Young, J. Q., Hennessy, M., Friedman, K. A., de Vries, B., Hoff, R. G., O'Connor, E., Patterson, A., Curley, G., Thakker, K., van Dam, M., van Dijk, D., van Klei, W. A., & Cate, O. T. (2021). Supervision, Interprofessional Collaboration, and Patient Safety in Intensive Care Units during the COVID-19 Pandemic. ATS Scholar, 2(3), 397–414. https://doi.org/10.34197/ats-scholar.2020-0165oc
Jia, Y., Chen, O., Xiao, Z., Xiao, J., Bian, J., & Jia, H. (2021). Nurses’ Ethical Challenges Caring for People with COVID-19: A Qualitative Study. Nursing Ethics, 28(1), 33–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733020944453
Koubek, R., Brady, A., Gopalratnam, K., Oeckler, R., Kennedy, C. C., & Kelm, D. (2021). Virtual Procedural Supervision during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Novel Pilot for Supervising Invasive Bedside Procedures in the ICU. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes, 5(6), 992–996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.09.003
Labrague, L. J., & Santos, J. A. A. D. L. (2021). Fear of COVID-19, Psychological Distress, Work Satisfaction and Turnover Intention among Frontline Nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(3), 395-403. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13168
Lake, E. T., Narva, A. M., Holland, S., Smith, J. G., Cramer, E., Rosenbaum, K. E. F., French, R., Clark, R. R. S., & Rogowski, J. A. (2021). Hospital Nurses Moral Distress and Mental Health during COVIDâ€19. National Institute of Nursing Research, 78(3), 799–809. https://doi.org/10.1111/JAN.15013
Liu, Y. E., Zhai, Z. C., Han, Y. H., Liu, Y. L., Liu, F. P., & Hu, D. Y. (2020). Experiences of Front-Line Nurses Combating Coronavirus Disease-2019 in China: A Qualitative Analysis. Public Health Nursing, 37(5), 757–763. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12768
Mansour, S. I. A., & Shosha, G. M. A. (2021). Experiences of First-Line Nurse Managers during COVID-19: A Jordanian Qualitative Study. Journal of Nursing Management, 30, 384–392. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13530
Moyo, I., Mgolozeli, S. E., Risenga, P. R., Mboweni, S. H., Tshivhase, L., Mudau, T. S., Ndou, N. D., & Mavhandu-Mudzusi, A. H. (2021). Experiences of Nurse Managers during the COVID-19 Outbreak in a Selected District Hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Healthcare (Basel), 10(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010076
Nia, H. S., Arslan, G., Naghavi, N., Froelicher, E. S., Kaveh, O., Sharif, S. P., & Rahmatpour, P. (2021). A Model of Nurses Intention to Care of Patients with COVIDâ€19 Mediating. Journal of Clinical Nursing; 30(11-12), 1684–1693. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15723
Padila, P., & Andri, J. (2022). Beban Kerja dan Stres Kerja Perawat di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 5(2), 919-926. https:// doi.org/ 10.31539/jks.v5i2.3582
Ponce, T. Y., Zúñiga, E., Paz, C., & Hidalgo-Andrade, P. (2020). Supervision Model of Mental Health Telecare Volunteers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 17(6), 361-364. https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20200605
Rees, C. E., Lee, S. L., Huang, E., Denniston, C., Edouard, V., Pope, K., Sutton, K., Waller, S., Ward, B., & Palermo, C. (2020). Supervision Training in Healthcare: A Realist Synthesis. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 25(3), 523-561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-019-09937-x
Sahebi, B. (2020). Clinical Supervision of Couple and Family Therapy during COVID-19. Family Process Institute, 59(3), 989-996. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Ffamp.12591
Şahin, S., Adegbite, W. M., & Şen, H. T. (2021). How Do Family Supportive Supervisors Affect Nurses’ Thriving: A Research Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 35(6), 602–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2021.08.008
Santos, J. L. G. D., Balsanelli, A. P., Freitas, E. O., Menegon, F. H. A., Carneiro, I. A., Lazzari, D. D., Menezes, J. A. L., Erdmann, A. L., & Camponogara, S. (2021). Work Environment of Hospital Nurses during the COVIDâ€19 Pandemic in Brazil. International Council of Nurses, 68(2), 228-237. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12662
Setianingrum, R., Hariyati, R., Pujasari, H., Novieastari, E., & Fitri, D. (2021). Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Pelaksana di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 dan Variabel yang Berhubungan. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING), 3(2), 565-577. https://doi.org/10.31539/joting.v3i2.2697
Setiawan, A., Keliat, B. A., Rustina, Y., & Prasetyo, S. (2019). The Effectiveness of Educative, Supportive, and Administrative Cycle (ESA-C) Clinical Supervision Model in Improving the Performance of Public Hospital Nurses. The First International Conference on Health Profession, KnE Life Sciences, 41–56. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v4i15.5734
Sun, N., Wei, L., Shi, S., Jiao, D., Song, R., Ma, L., Wang, H., Wang, C., Wang, Z., You, Y., Liu, S., & Wang, H. (2020). A Qualitative Study on the Psychological Experience of Caregivers of COVID-19 Patients. American Journal of Infection Control, 48(6), 592–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.03.018
Vázquez-Calatayud, M., Regaira-MartÃnez, E., Rumeu-Casares, C., Paloma-Mora, B., Esain, A., & Oroviogoicoechea, C. (2022). Experiences of Frontline Nurse Managers during the COVID-19: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Nursing Management, 30(1), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13488
Walker, F. A., Ball, M., Cleary, S., & Pisani, H. (2021). Transparent Teamwork : The Practice of Supervision and Delegation within the Multi- ¬Tiered Nursing Team. Nursing Inquiry, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12413
White, J. H. (2021). A Phenomenological Study of Nurse Managers’ and Assistant Nurse Managers’ Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(6), 1525–1534. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13304
Wigatama, A. S., Munawaroh, S., & Dwirahayu, Y. (2020). Literature Review: Hubungan Motivasi Kerja Perawat dengan Kinerja Perawat dalam Pengisian Dokumentasi Asuhan Keperawatan. Health Sciences Journal, 4(2), 47-56. https://doi.org/10.24269/hsj.v4i2.513
World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report-52. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331476
Zhang, Y., Wang, C., Pan, W., Zheng, J., Gao, J., Huang, X., Cai, S., Zhai, Y., Latour, J. M., & Zhu, C. (2020). Stress, Burnout, and Coping Strategies of Frontline Nurses during the COVID-19 Epidemic in Wuhan. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.565520
Zhao, F., Ahmed, F., & Faraz, N. A. (2020). Caring for the Caregiver during COVID-19 Outbreak Does Inclusive Leadership Improve Psychological Safety and Curb Psychological Distress? A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103725
Deussom, R., Mwarey, D., Bayu, M., Abdullah, S. S., & Marcus, R. (2022). Systematic Review of Performance Enhancing Health Worker Supervision Approaches in Low and Middle Income Countries. Human Resources for Health, 20(2) 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-021-00692-y
Driscoll, J., Stacey, G., Harrison-Dening, K., Boyd, C., & Shaw, T. (2019). Enhancing the quality of clinical supervision in nursing practice. Nursing Standard, 34(5), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2019.e11228
Fernet, C., Gillet, N., Austin, S., Trépanier, S. G., & Drouin-Rousseau, S. (2021). Predicting Nurses’ Occupational Commitment and Turnover Intention: The Role of Autonomous Motivation and Supervisor and Coworker Behaviours. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(8), 2611–2619. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13433
Gao, Z., & Tan, F. P. L. (2021). Nurses Experiences in Response to COVIDâ€19 in a Psychiatric Ward in Singapore. International Council of Nurses, 68(2), 196-201. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12680
Hennus, M. P., Young, J. Q., Hennessy, M., Friedman, K. A., de Vries, B., Hoff, R. G., O'Connor, E., Patterson, A., Curley, G., Thakker, K., van Dam, M., van Dijk, D., van Klei, W. A., & Cate, O. T. (2021). Supervision, Interprofessional Collaboration, and Patient Safety in Intensive Care Units during the COVID-19 Pandemic. ATS Scholar, 2(3), 397–414. https://doi.org/10.34197/ats-scholar.2020-0165oc
Jia, Y., Chen, O., Xiao, Z., Xiao, J., Bian, J., & Jia, H. (2021). Nurses’ Ethical Challenges Caring for People with COVID-19: A Qualitative Study. Nursing Ethics, 28(1), 33–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733020944453
Koubek, R., Brady, A., Gopalratnam, K., Oeckler, R., Kennedy, C. C., & Kelm, D. (2021). Virtual Procedural Supervision during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Novel Pilot for Supervising Invasive Bedside Procedures in the ICU. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes, 5(6), 992–996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.09.003
Labrague, L. J., & Santos, J. A. A. D. L. (2021). Fear of COVID-19, Psychological Distress, Work Satisfaction and Turnover Intention among Frontline Nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(3), 395-403. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13168
Lake, E. T., Narva, A. M., Holland, S., Smith, J. G., Cramer, E., Rosenbaum, K. E. F., French, R., Clark, R. R. S., & Rogowski, J. A. (2021). Hospital Nurses Moral Distress and Mental Health during COVIDâ€19. National Institute of Nursing Research, 78(3), 799–809. https://doi.org/10.1111/JAN.15013
Liu, Y. E., Zhai, Z. C., Han, Y. H., Liu, Y. L., Liu, F. P., & Hu, D. Y. (2020). Experiences of Front-Line Nurses Combating Coronavirus Disease-2019 in China: A Qualitative Analysis. Public Health Nursing, 37(5), 757–763. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12768
Mansour, S. I. A., & Shosha, G. M. A. (2021). Experiences of First-Line Nurse Managers during COVID-19: A Jordanian Qualitative Study. Journal of Nursing Management, 30, 384–392. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13530
Moyo, I., Mgolozeli, S. E., Risenga, P. R., Mboweni, S. H., Tshivhase, L., Mudau, T. S., Ndou, N. D., & Mavhandu-Mudzusi, A. H. (2021). Experiences of Nurse Managers during the COVID-19 Outbreak in a Selected District Hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Healthcare (Basel), 10(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010076
Nia, H. S., Arslan, G., Naghavi, N., Froelicher, E. S., Kaveh, O., Sharif, S. P., & Rahmatpour, P. (2021). A Model of Nurses Intention to Care of Patients with COVIDâ€19 Mediating. Journal of Clinical Nursing; 30(11-12), 1684–1693. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15723
Padila, P., & Andri, J. (2022). Beban Kerja dan Stres Kerja Perawat di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 5(2), 919-926. https:// doi.org/ 10.31539/jks.v5i2.3582
Ponce, T. Y., Zúñiga, E., Paz, C., & Hidalgo-Andrade, P. (2020). Supervision Model of Mental Health Telecare Volunteers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 17(6), 361-364. https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20200605
Rees, C. E., Lee, S. L., Huang, E., Denniston, C., Edouard, V., Pope, K., Sutton, K., Waller, S., Ward, B., & Palermo, C. (2020). Supervision Training in Healthcare: A Realist Synthesis. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 25(3), 523-561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-019-09937-x
Sahebi, B. (2020). Clinical Supervision of Couple and Family Therapy during COVID-19. Family Process Institute, 59(3), 989-996. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Ffamp.12591
Şahin, S., Adegbite, W. M., & Şen, H. T. (2021). How Do Family Supportive Supervisors Affect Nurses’ Thriving: A Research Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 35(6), 602–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2021.08.008
Santos, J. L. G. D., Balsanelli, A. P., Freitas, E. O., Menegon, F. H. A., Carneiro, I. A., Lazzari, D. D., Menezes, J. A. L., Erdmann, A. L., & Camponogara, S. (2021). Work Environment of Hospital Nurses during the COVIDâ€19 Pandemic in Brazil. International Council of Nurses, 68(2), 228-237. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12662
Setianingrum, R., Hariyati, R., Pujasari, H., Novieastari, E., & Fitri, D. (2021). Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Pelaksana di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 dan Variabel yang Berhubungan. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING), 3(2), 565-577. https://doi.org/10.31539/joting.v3i2.2697
Setiawan, A., Keliat, B. A., Rustina, Y., & Prasetyo, S. (2019). The Effectiveness of Educative, Supportive, and Administrative Cycle (ESA-C) Clinical Supervision Model in Improving the Performance of Public Hospital Nurses. The First International Conference on Health Profession, KnE Life Sciences, 41–56. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v4i15.5734
Sun, N., Wei, L., Shi, S., Jiao, D., Song, R., Ma, L., Wang, H., Wang, C., Wang, Z., You, Y., Liu, S., & Wang, H. (2020). A Qualitative Study on the Psychological Experience of Caregivers of COVID-19 Patients. American Journal of Infection Control, 48(6), 592–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.03.018
Vázquez-Calatayud, M., Regaira-MartÃnez, E., Rumeu-Casares, C., Paloma-Mora, B., Esain, A., & Oroviogoicoechea, C. (2022). Experiences of Frontline Nurse Managers during the COVID-19: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Nursing Management, 30(1), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13488
Walker, F. A., Ball, M., Cleary, S., & Pisani, H. (2021). Transparent Teamwork : The Practice of Supervision and Delegation within the Multi- ¬Tiered Nursing Team. Nursing Inquiry, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12413
White, J. H. (2021). A Phenomenological Study of Nurse Managers’ and Assistant Nurse Managers’ Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(6), 1525–1534. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13304
Wigatama, A. S., Munawaroh, S., & Dwirahayu, Y. (2020). Literature Review: Hubungan Motivasi Kerja Perawat dengan Kinerja Perawat dalam Pengisian Dokumentasi Asuhan Keperawatan. Health Sciences Journal, 4(2), 47-56. https://doi.org/10.24269/hsj.v4i2.513
World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report-52. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331476
Zhang, Y., Wang, C., Pan, W., Zheng, J., Gao, J., Huang, X., Cai, S., Zhai, Y., Latour, J. M., & Zhu, C. (2020). Stress, Burnout, and Coping Strategies of Frontline Nurses during the COVID-19 Epidemic in Wuhan. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.565520
Zhao, F., Ahmed, F., & Faraz, N. A. (2020). Caring for the Caregiver during COVID-19 Outbreak Does Inclusive Leadership Improve Psychological Safety and Curb Psychological Distress? A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103725
