Uji Filtrasi Heat and Moisture Exchangers (HME) dalam Menyaring Gas Formaldehida
Abstract
This study aims to examine the use of Heat and Moisture Exchangers (HME) filters in filtering volatile organic compounds (formaldehyde) produced from surgical fumes, a side effect of using hazardous electrical-based surgical instruments. The method used is the descriptive method with a total sample of 15, divided into three groups, namely HME1, HME2 and HME3. The results showed that the HME1 filter obtained the highest formaldehyde value of 15.95 ppm and the lowest of 10 ppm with a mean value of 12.99 ppm; HME2 filter with the highest formaldehyde value of 13.98 ppm, the lowest 7.98 ppm and the mean value of 9.58 ppm; the HME3 filter showed the highest formaldehyde value of 11.98 ppm and the lowest of 4.99 ppm with a mean number of 4.99 ppm. In conclusion, there is a difference in the average amount of smoke after being given the action of the filter modification method (HME1, HME2 and HME3). The modified filter can be used to capture/filter surgical fumes.
Keywords: Surgical Fumes, Electrosurgical Unit, HME Filter, Formaldehyde, Breast Cancer
References
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Vilos, G. A. (2018). Understanding and Practising Safe Electrosurgery in the Operating Room. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, 40(10), 1337–1347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogc.2018.03.004
York, K., & Autry, M. (2018). Surgical Smoke: Putting the Pieces Together to Become Smoke-Free. AORN Journal, 107(6), 692–703. https://doi.org/10.1002/aorn.12149
Zhang, X., Zhang, W., Yi, M., Wang, Y., Wang, P., Xu, J., Niu, F., & Lin, F. (2018). High-Performance Inertial Impaction Filters for Particulate Matter Removal. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23257-x
Cheng, J., Niu, X., Zhang, R., Zhu, X., Lu, S., Zhou, B., & Li, X. (2020). Experimental Study on Influence of Personnel Activity and Surgical Smoke on Indoor Environment Inside Clean Operating Room. International Journal of Ventilation, 20(1), 50–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733315.2019.1704539
Dewi, F. H., Purwoko, P., & Siwi, G. N. (2020). Heat and Moisture Exchanging Filter pada Pasien COVID-19 yang Menjalani Sectio Caesarea. Majalah Anestesia & Critical Care, 38(2), 131–141. https://doi.org/10.55497/majanestcricar.v38i2.192
Fencl, J. L. (2017). Guideline Implementation: Surgical Smoke Safety. AORN Journal, 105(5), 488–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2017.03.006
Gillies, D., Todd, D. A., Foster, J. P., & Batuwitage, B. T. (2017). Heat and Moisture Exchangers versus Heated Humidifiers for Mechanically Ventilated Adults and Children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017(9). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004711.pub3
Lee, K., Choi, J. H., Lee, S., Park, H. J., Oh, Y. J., Kim, G. B., Lee, W. S., & Son, B. S. (2018). Indoor Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds and Formaldehyde from Emission Sources at Elderly Care Centers in Korea. PLoS One, 13(6), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197495
Limchantra, I. V., Fong, Y., & Melstrom, K. A. (2019). Surgical Smoke Exposure in Operating Room Personnel: A Review. JAMA Surgery, 154(10), 960-967. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2019.2515
Liu, N., Filipp, N., & Wood, K. B. (2020). The Utility of Local Smoke Evacuation in Reducing Surgical Smoke Exposure in Spine Surgery: A Prospective Self-Controlled Study. The Spine Journal, 20(2), 166–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2019.09.014
Liu, Y., Zhao, M., Shao, Y., Yan, L., & Zhu, X. (2021). Chemical Composition of Surgical Smoke Produced during the Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure when Treating Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. World Journal of Surgical Oncology, 19(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-021-02211-8
Mintz, Y., Arezzo, A., Boni, L., Baldari, L., Cassinotti, E., Brodie, R., Uranues, S., Zheng, M. H., & Fingerhut, A. (2020). The Risk of COVID-19 Transmission by Laparoscopic Smoke May Be Lower Than for Laparotomy: A Narrative Review. Surgical Endoscopy, 34(8), 3298–3305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-020-07652-y
Plotnikow, G. A., Accoce, M., Navarro, E., & Tiribelli, N. (2018). Humidification and Heating of Inhaled Gas in Patients with Artificial Airway. A Narrative Review. Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva, 30(1), 86–97. https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-507X.20180015
Sabherwal, S., Chaku, D., Mathur, U., Sangwan, V. S., Majumdar, A., Gandhi, A., Dubey, S., & Sood, I. (2020). Are High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters and Laminar Air Flow Necessary in Operating Rooms to Control Acute Post-Operative Endophthalmitis? Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 68(6), 1120–1125. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_1493_19
Soltanpour, Z., Mohammadian, Y., & Fakhri, Y. (2022). The Exposure to Formaldehyde in Industries and Health Care Centers: A Systematic Review and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment. Environmental Research, 204(Pt B), 112094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112094
Spruce, L. (2021). Back to Basics: Protection from Surgical Smoke 1.2 www.aornjournal.org/content/cme. AORN Journal, 108(1), 24-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/aorn.12273
Tcharkhtchi, A., Abbasnezhad, N., Seydani, M. Z., Zirak, N., Farzaneh, S., & Shirinbayan, M. (2021). An Overview of Filtration Efficiency Through the Masks: Mechanisms of the Aerosols Penetration. Bioactive Materials, 6(1), 106–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.002
Tokuda, Y., Okamura, T., Maruta, M., Orita, M., Noguchi, M., Suzuki, T., & Matsuki, H. (2020). Prospective Randomized Study Evaluating the Usefulness of a Surgical Smoke Evacuation System in Operating Rooms for Breast Surgery. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 15(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-020-00259-y
Van Gestel, E. A. F., Linssen, E. S., Creta, M., Poels, K., Godderis, L., Weyler, J. J., De Schryver, A., & Vanoirbeek, J. A. J. (2020). Assessment of the Absorbed Dose after Exposure to Surgical Smoke in an Operating Room. Toxicology Letters, 328, 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.04.003
Vilos, G. A. (2018). Understanding and Practising Safe Electrosurgery in the Operating Room. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, 40(10), 1337–1347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogc.2018.03.004
York, K., & Autry, M. (2018). Surgical Smoke: Putting the Pieces Together to Become Smoke-Free. AORN Journal, 107(6), 692–703. https://doi.org/10.1002/aorn.12149
Zhang, X., Zhang, W., Yi, M., Wang, Y., Wang, P., Xu, J., Niu, F., & Lin, F. (2018). High-Performance Inertial Impaction Filters for Particulate Matter Removal. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23257-x
