Virtual Reality Efektif Menurunkan Kecemasan Ibu Primigravida Trimester III dalam Menghadapi Persalinan
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of virtual reality on the anxiety of third-trimester primigravida in facing childbirth. The method used is experimental, with a one-group pre-post test design approach carried out at the Putri Ayu Health Center involving 34 mothers. The results showed that before the intervention, the data obtained for mild anxiety was 58.9%, moderate was 38.2% and severe was 2.9%, while after the intervention, the percentage of mild anxiety was 82.4% and moderate = 17.6%. The statistical test results obtained are equal to 0.001. In conclusion, there is an effect of virtual reality on decreasing the anxiety level of a third-trimester primigravida in facing childbirth.
Keywords: Maternal Anxiety, Childbirth, Primigravida, Virtual Reality
References
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Dowse, E., Chan, S., Ebert, L., Wynne, O., Thomas, S., Jones, D., Fealy, S., Evans, T.-J., & Oldmeadow, C. (2020). Impact of Perinatal Depression and Anxiety on Birth Outcomes: A Retrospective Data Analysis. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 24(6), 718–726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-020-02906-6
Ebrahimian, A., & Bilandi, R. R. (2021). Comparisons of the Effects of Watching Virtual Reality Videos and Chewing Gum on the Length of Delivery Stages and Maternal Childbirth Satisfaction: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 46(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.30476/ijms.2019.82782.1119
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Hajesmaeel-Gohari, S., Sarpourian, F., & Shafiei, E. (2021). Virtual Reality Applications to Assist Pregnant Women: a Scoping Review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03725-5
Ioannou, A., Papastavrou, E., Avraamides, M. N., & Charalambous, A. (2020). Virtual Reality and Symptoms Management of Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, and Pain: A Systematic Review. SAGE Open Nursing, 6, 2377960820936163. https://doi.org/10.1177/2377960820936163
Kim, S., & Kim, E. (2020). The Use of Virtual Reality in Psychiatry: A Review. Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(1), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.190037
Mariana, D., Wulandari, D., & Padila, P. (2018). Hubungan Pola Makan dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 1(2), 108-122. https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v1i2.83
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Padila, P., Andri, J., Sartika, A., Andrianto, M., & J, H. (2021). Single Parent Psychology who Confirmed Positive Covid-19. JOSING: Journal of Nursing and Health, 2(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.31539/josing.v2i1.2964
Riska, H., Purwara, B. H., & Ganiem, A. R. (2019). Pengaruh Virtual Reality dalam Menurunkan Kecemasan Menghadapi Persalinan pada Primigravida. Jurnal Kesehatan Prima, 13(1), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.32807/jkp.v13i1.210
Saadati, N., Afshari, P., Boostani, H., Beheshtinasab, M., Abedi, P., & Maraghi, E. (2021). Health Anxiety and Related Factors Among Pregnant Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study from Iran. BMC Psychiatry, 21, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03092-7
Sartika, A., Oktarianita, O., Padila, P., Andri, J., & Andrianto, M. (2021). Education on the Knowledge of Youth about Youth Care Health Services (PKPR). JOSING: Journal of Nursing and Health, 2(1), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.31539/josing.v2i1.3023
Setiawan, A., Agiwahyuanto, F., & Arsiwi, P. (2019). A Virtual Reality Teaching Simulation for Exercise during Pregnancy. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 14(1), 34-47. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i01.8944
Siallagan, D., & Lestari, D. (2018). Tingkat Kecemasan Menghadapi Persalinan Berdasarkan Status Kesehatan, Graviditas dan Usia di Wilayah Keja Puskesmas Jombang. Indonesian Journal of Midwifery (IJM), 1(2), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.35473/ijm.v1i2.101
Smith, V., Warty, R. R., Kashyap, R., Neil, P., Adriaans, C., Nair, A., Krishnan, S., Costa, F. D. S., Vollenhoven, B., Wallace E. M. (2020). A Randomised Controlled Trial to Assess the Feasibility of Utilising Virtual Reality to Facilitate Analgesia during External Cephalic Version. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60040-3
Smith, V., Warty, R. R., Sursas, J. A., Payne, O., Nair, A., Krishnan,S., Costa, F. D. S., Wallace, E. M. V., (2020). The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Managing Acute Pain and Anxiety for Medical Inpatients: Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(11), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.2196/17980
Sut, H. K., & Kucukkaya, B. (2021). Anxiety, Depression, and Related Factors in Pregnant Women during the COVIDâ€19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Webâ€Based Crossâ€Sectional Study. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57(2), 860-868. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12627
Tarrant, J., Viczko, J., & Cope, H. (2018). Virtual Reality for Anxiety Reduction Demonstrated by Quantitative EEG: A Pilot Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01280
Wong, M. S., Spiegel, B. M. R., & Gregory, K. D. (2021). Virtual Reality Reduces Pain in Laboring Women: a Randomized Controlled Trial. American Journal of Perinatology, 38(1), 167–172. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708851
Yuliani, D. R., & Aini, F. N. (2020). Kecemasan Ibu Hamil dan Ibu Nifas pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Kecamatan Baturraden. Jurnal Sains Kebidanan, 2(2), 11–14. https://doi.org/10.31983/jsk.v2i2.6487
Zeng, N., Pope, Z., Lee, J. E., & Gao, Z. (2018). Virtual Reality Exercise for Anxiety and Depression: A Preliminary Review of Current Research in an Emerging Field. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 7(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7030042
Zhan, T., Yin, K., Xiong, J., He, Z., & Wu, S.-T. (2020). Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Displays: Perspectives and Challenges. Iscience, 23(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101397
Brunton, R., Simpson, N., & Dryer, R. (2020). Pregnancy-Related Anxiety, Perceived Parental Self-Efficacy and the Influence of Parity and Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186709
Bryant, L., Brunner, M., & Hemsley, B. (2019). A Review of Virtual reality Technologies in the Field of Communication Disability: Implications for Practice and Research. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 15(4), 365–372. https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2018.1549276
Chesham, R. K., Malouff, J. M., & Schutte, N. S. (2018). Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Social Anxiety. Behaviour Change, 35(3), 152–166. https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2018.15
Dowse, E., Chan, S., Ebert, L., Wynne, O., Thomas, S., Jones, D., Fealy, S., Evans, T.-J., & Oldmeadow, C. (2020). Impact of Perinatal Depression and Anxiety on Birth Outcomes: A Retrospective Data Analysis. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 24(6), 718–726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-020-02906-6
Ebrahimian, A., & Bilandi, R. R. (2021). Comparisons of the Effects of Watching Virtual Reality Videos and Chewing Gum on the Length of Delivery Stages and Maternal Childbirth Satisfaction: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 46(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.30476/ijms.2019.82782.1119
Frey, D. P., Bauer, M. E., Bell, C. L., Low, L. K., Hassett, A. L., Cassidy, R. B., Boyer, K. D., & Sharar, S. R. (2019). Virtual Reality Analgesia in Labor: The VRAIL Pilot Study—A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial Suggesting Benefit of Immersive Virtual Reality Analgesia in Unmedicated Laboring Women. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 128(6), 93–96. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000003649
Glennon, C., McElroy, S. F., Connelly, L. M., Lawson, L. M., Bretches, A. M., Gard, A. R., & Newcomer, L. R. (2018). Use of Virtual Reality to Distract from Pain and Anxiety. Oncology Nursing Forum, 45(4), 545-552. https://doi.org/10.1188/18.ONF.545-552
Hajesmaeel-Gohari, S., Sarpourian, F., & Shafiei, E. (2021). Virtual Reality Applications to Assist Pregnant Women: a Scoping Review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03725-5
Ioannou, A., Papastavrou, E., Avraamides, M. N., & Charalambous, A. (2020). Virtual Reality and Symptoms Management of Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, and Pain: A Systematic Review. SAGE Open Nursing, 6, 2377960820936163. https://doi.org/10.1177/2377960820936163
Kim, S., & Kim, E. (2020). The Use of Virtual Reality in Psychiatry: A Review. Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(1), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.190037
Mariana, D., Wulandari, D., & Padila, P. (2018). Hubungan Pola Makan dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 1(2), 108-122. https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v1i2.83
Noben, L., Goossens, S. M. T. A., Truijens, S. E. M., Berckel, M. M. G V., Perquin, C. W., Slooter, G. D., & Rooijen, S. J V. (2019). A Virtual Reality Video to Improve Information Provision and Reduce Anxiety Before Cesarean Delivery: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mental Health, 6(12), e15872. https://doi.org/10.2196/15872
Oktarisa, F., Utami, E. S., & Agustin, L. T. (2021). Virtual Reality Berbasis Cognitive Behavior Therapy untuk Menurunkan Kecemasan Berbicara di Depan Umum. Ikhtisar: Jurnal Pengetahuan Islam, 1(1), 73–87. https://doi.org/10.55062//IJPI.2021.v1i1.17
Padila, P., Panzilion, P., Andri, J., Nurhayati, N., & J, H. (2021). Pengalaman Ibu Usia Remaja Melahirkan Anak di Masa Pandemi COVID-19. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING), 3(1), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.31539/joting.v3i1.2075
Padila, P., Andri, J., Sartika, A., Andrianto, M., & J, H. (2021). Single Parent Psychology who Confirmed Positive Covid-19. JOSING: Journal of Nursing and Health, 2(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.31539/josing.v2i1.2964
Riska, H., Purwara, B. H., & Ganiem, A. R. (2019). Pengaruh Virtual Reality dalam Menurunkan Kecemasan Menghadapi Persalinan pada Primigravida. Jurnal Kesehatan Prima, 13(1), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.32807/jkp.v13i1.210
Saadati, N., Afshari, P., Boostani, H., Beheshtinasab, M., Abedi, P., & Maraghi, E. (2021). Health Anxiety and Related Factors Among Pregnant Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study from Iran. BMC Psychiatry, 21, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03092-7
Sartika, A., Oktarianita, O., Padila, P., Andri, J., & Andrianto, M. (2021). Education on the Knowledge of Youth about Youth Care Health Services (PKPR). JOSING: Journal of Nursing and Health, 2(1), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.31539/josing.v2i1.3023
Setiawan, A., Agiwahyuanto, F., & Arsiwi, P. (2019). A Virtual Reality Teaching Simulation for Exercise during Pregnancy. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 14(1), 34-47. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i01.8944
Siallagan, D., & Lestari, D. (2018). Tingkat Kecemasan Menghadapi Persalinan Berdasarkan Status Kesehatan, Graviditas dan Usia di Wilayah Keja Puskesmas Jombang. Indonesian Journal of Midwifery (IJM), 1(2), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.35473/ijm.v1i2.101
Smith, V., Warty, R. R., Kashyap, R., Neil, P., Adriaans, C., Nair, A., Krishnan, S., Costa, F. D. S., Vollenhoven, B., Wallace E. M. (2020). A Randomised Controlled Trial to Assess the Feasibility of Utilising Virtual Reality to Facilitate Analgesia during External Cephalic Version. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60040-3
Smith, V., Warty, R. R., Sursas, J. A., Payne, O., Nair, A., Krishnan,S., Costa, F. D. S., Wallace, E. M. V., (2020). The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Managing Acute Pain and Anxiety for Medical Inpatients: Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(11), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.2196/17980
Sut, H. K., & Kucukkaya, B. (2021). Anxiety, Depression, and Related Factors in Pregnant Women during the COVIDâ€19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Webâ€Based Crossâ€Sectional Study. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57(2), 860-868. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12627
Tarrant, J., Viczko, J., & Cope, H. (2018). Virtual Reality for Anxiety Reduction Demonstrated by Quantitative EEG: A Pilot Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01280
Wong, M. S., Spiegel, B. M. R., & Gregory, K. D. (2021). Virtual Reality Reduces Pain in Laboring Women: a Randomized Controlled Trial. American Journal of Perinatology, 38(1), 167–172. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708851
Yuliani, D. R., & Aini, F. N. (2020). Kecemasan Ibu Hamil dan Ibu Nifas pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Kecamatan Baturraden. Jurnal Sains Kebidanan, 2(2), 11–14. https://doi.org/10.31983/jsk.v2i2.6487
Zeng, N., Pope, Z., Lee, J. E., & Gao, Z. (2018). Virtual Reality Exercise for Anxiety and Depression: A Preliminary Review of Current Research in an Emerging Field. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 7(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7030042
Zhan, T., Yin, K., Xiong, J., He, Z., & Wu, S.-T. (2020). Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Displays: Perspectives and Challenges. Iscience, 23(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101397
