Implementasi Deep Breathing Exercise terhadap Tingkat Glukosa Darah pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of deep breathing exercises on blood glucose levels in diabetic DM patients. The method used is the narrative review, by searching for articles on the Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. The results showed that deep breathing exercises had a positive effect on blood glucose control in DM patients, increased relaxation, and reduced anxiety or stress. Increased peace helps reduce the hormone cortisol related to blood glucose levels. In conclusion, deep breathing exercises can lower blood glucose in DM patients. This therapy can be combined with other treatments, such as the spiritual aspects of marital therapy or spiritual mindfulness.
Keywords: Deep Breathing Exercise, Diabetes Mellitus
References
American Diabetes Association. (2020). 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care, 44(Suppl. 1)), 15–33. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-S002
Anggraini, Y. (2021). Upaya Penurunan Gula Darah dengan Menggunakan Slow Deep Breathing Exercise pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II di RSU Uki Jakarta Timur. Jurnal Keperawatan Dirgahayu (JKD), 3(1), 10–17. https://jkd.stikesdirgahayusamarinda.ac.id/index.php/jkd/article/view/190/114
Gholami, F., Nazari, H., & Alimi, M. (2020). Cycle Training Improves Vascular Function and Neuropathic Symptoms in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Experimental Gerontology, 131,. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2019.110799
Hayani, N., Zulkarnaini, Z., & Arwani, A. (2021). Pengaruh Manajemen Stres dengan Tehnik Relaksasi Nafas Dalam terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitusdi Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sungai Iyu Aceh Tamiang Tahun 2018. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian,1(11), 2357-2362. https://doi.org/10.47492/jip.v1i11.494
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2020). Infodatin Tetap Produktif, Cegah, dan Atasi Diabetes Melitus 2020. https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/view/20120100005/infodatin-tetap-produktif-cegah-dan-atasi-diabetes-melitus-2020.html
Khanum, A., Khan, S., Kausar, S., Mukhtar, F., & Kausar, S. (2019). Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises on Blood Sugar Levels in Working Class Females with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Medical Research \& Health Sciences, 8(1), 34–42. https://www.ijmrhs.com/abstract/effects-of-diaphragmatic-breathing-exercises-on-blood-sugar-levels-in-working-class-females-with-type2-diabetes-mellitus-15499.html
Lameijer, A., Fokkert, M. J., Edens, M. A., Slingerland, R. J., Bilo, H. J. G., & van Dijk, P. R. (2020). Determinants of HbA1c Reduction with FreeStyle Libre Flash Glucose Monitoring (FLARE-NL 5). Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology, 22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcte.2020.100237
Nusantoro, A. P., & Listyaningsih, K. D. (2018). Pengaruh SDB (Slow Deep Breathing) terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan dan Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus. Jurnal Ilmiah Maternal, 2(4), 231–237. https://doi.org/10.54877/maternal.v2i4.700
Rady, S. E., & Yousef, S. G. (2019). Effect of Sitting Breathing Exercises on Blood Glucose Level among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing, 6(3), 357–367. https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Effect%20of%20Sitting%20Breathing%20Exercises-2025.pdf
Rahmasari, I., & Wahyuni, E. S. (2019). Efektivitas Memordoca Carantia (PARE) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa darah. Jurnal Ilmiah Rekam Medis dan Informatika Kesehatan,9(1), 57-64. https://www.ojs.udb.ac.id/index.php/infokes/article/download/720/645
Septiani, A, M,., Murharyati, A., & Suryandari, D. (2020). Pengaruh Senam Aerobic Low Impact dan Relaksasi Penderita Diabetes Melitus di Posyandu Anggrek. Journal of Advanced Nursing and Health Sciences, 1(1), 20-26. https://jurnal.ukh.ac.id/index.php/KN/article/view/674
Setiawan, M. D., & Yanto, A. (2020). Penurunan Glukosa Darah Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Menggunakan Kombinasi Terapi Relaksasi Napas Dalam dan Murrotal. Ners Muda, 1(3), 184-192. https://doi.org/10.26714/nm.v1i3.6205
Setyawati, A., Ngo, T., Padila, P., & Andri, J. (2020). Obesity and Heredity for Diabetes Mellitus among Elderly. JOSING: Journal of Nursing and Health, 1(1), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.31539/josing.v1i1.1149
Sun, H., Saeedi, P., Karuranga, S., Pinkepank, M., Ogurtsova, K., Duncan, B. B., Stein, C., Basit, A., Chan, J. C. N., Mbanya, J. C., Pavkov, M. E., Ramachandaran, A., Wild, S. H., James, S., Herman, W. H., Zhang, P., Bommer, C., Kuo, S., Boyko, E. J., & Magliano. (2022). IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, Regional and Country-Level Diabetes Prevalence Estimates for 2021 and Projections for 2045. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 183, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109119
Trisnawati, D., Suryati, Y., & Susilawati, S. (2022). Spiritual Mindfulness Based on Breathing Exercise terhadap Kecemasan dan Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Pasien DM Tipe 2. jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 6(1), 425–438. https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v6i1.4427
Warsono, W., & Yanto, A. (2020). Effectiveness of Slow Deep Breathing Exercise on Decreasing Stress Levels for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. South East Asia Nursing Research, 2(2), 55-59. https://doi.org/10.26714/seanr.2.2.2020.10-14
Yesmin, J., Begum, N., & Ferdousi, S. (2021). Effect of Slow Breathing Exercise on Some Cardio Vascular Functions in Type 2 Diabetic Male Patients. Bangladesh Society of Physiologists (BSP),16(1), 11-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v16i1.54347
Yulianti, Y., & Armiyati, Y. (2019). Kombinasi Relaksasi Nafas Dalam dan Murottal Surah Ar-Rahman Menurunkan Gula Darah Sewaktu pada Pasien DM Tipe II. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Mahasiswa, 2, 95–101. https://prosiding.unimus.ac.id/index.php/mahasiswa/article/view/446
Anggraini, Y. (2021). Upaya Penurunan Gula Darah dengan Menggunakan Slow Deep Breathing Exercise pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II di RSU Uki Jakarta Timur. Jurnal Keperawatan Dirgahayu (JKD), 3(1), 10–17. https://jkd.stikesdirgahayusamarinda.ac.id/index.php/jkd/article/view/190/114
Gholami, F., Nazari, H., & Alimi, M. (2020). Cycle Training Improves Vascular Function and Neuropathic Symptoms in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Experimental Gerontology, 131,. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2019.110799
Hayani, N., Zulkarnaini, Z., & Arwani, A. (2021). Pengaruh Manajemen Stres dengan Tehnik Relaksasi Nafas Dalam terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitusdi Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sungai Iyu Aceh Tamiang Tahun 2018. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian,1(11), 2357-2362. https://doi.org/10.47492/jip.v1i11.494
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2020). Infodatin Tetap Produktif, Cegah, dan Atasi Diabetes Melitus 2020. https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/view/20120100005/infodatin-tetap-produktif-cegah-dan-atasi-diabetes-melitus-2020.html
Khanum, A., Khan, S., Kausar, S., Mukhtar, F., & Kausar, S. (2019). Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises on Blood Sugar Levels in Working Class Females with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Medical Research \& Health Sciences, 8(1), 34–42. https://www.ijmrhs.com/abstract/effects-of-diaphragmatic-breathing-exercises-on-blood-sugar-levels-in-working-class-females-with-type2-diabetes-mellitus-15499.html
Lameijer, A., Fokkert, M. J., Edens, M. A., Slingerland, R. J., Bilo, H. J. G., & van Dijk, P. R. (2020). Determinants of HbA1c Reduction with FreeStyle Libre Flash Glucose Monitoring (FLARE-NL 5). Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology, 22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcte.2020.100237
Nusantoro, A. P., & Listyaningsih, K. D. (2018). Pengaruh SDB (Slow Deep Breathing) terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan dan Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus. Jurnal Ilmiah Maternal, 2(4), 231–237. https://doi.org/10.54877/maternal.v2i4.700
Rady, S. E., & Yousef, S. G. (2019). Effect of Sitting Breathing Exercises on Blood Glucose Level among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing, 6(3), 357–367. https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Effect%20of%20Sitting%20Breathing%20Exercises-2025.pdf
Rahmasari, I., & Wahyuni, E. S. (2019). Efektivitas Memordoca Carantia (PARE) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa darah. Jurnal Ilmiah Rekam Medis dan Informatika Kesehatan,9(1), 57-64. https://www.ojs.udb.ac.id/index.php/infokes/article/download/720/645
Septiani, A, M,., Murharyati, A., & Suryandari, D. (2020). Pengaruh Senam Aerobic Low Impact dan Relaksasi Penderita Diabetes Melitus di Posyandu Anggrek. Journal of Advanced Nursing and Health Sciences, 1(1), 20-26. https://jurnal.ukh.ac.id/index.php/KN/article/view/674
Setiawan, M. D., & Yanto, A. (2020). Penurunan Glukosa Darah Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Menggunakan Kombinasi Terapi Relaksasi Napas Dalam dan Murrotal. Ners Muda, 1(3), 184-192. https://doi.org/10.26714/nm.v1i3.6205
Setyawati, A., Ngo, T., Padila, P., & Andri, J. (2020). Obesity and Heredity for Diabetes Mellitus among Elderly. JOSING: Journal of Nursing and Health, 1(1), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.31539/josing.v1i1.1149
Sun, H., Saeedi, P., Karuranga, S., Pinkepank, M., Ogurtsova, K., Duncan, B. B., Stein, C., Basit, A., Chan, J. C. N., Mbanya, J. C., Pavkov, M. E., Ramachandaran, A., Wild, S. H., James, S., Herman, W. H., Zhang, P., Bommer, C., Kuo, S., Boyko, E. J., & Magliano. (2022). IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, Regional and Country-Level Diabetes Prevalence Estimates for 2021 and Projections for 2045. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 183, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109119
Trisnawati, D., Suryati, Y., & Susilawati, S. (2022). Spiritual Mindfulness Based on Breathing Exercise terhadap Kecemasan dan Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Pasien DM Tipe 2. jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 6(1), 425–438. https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v6i1.4427
Warsono, W., & Yanto, A. (2020). Effectiveness of Slow Deep Breathing Exercise on Decreasing Stress Levels for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. South East Asia Nursing Research, 2(2), 55-59. https://doi.org/10.26714/seanr.2.2.2020.10-14
Yesmin, J., Begum, N., & Ferdousi, S. (2021). Effect of Slow Breathing Exercise on Some Cardio Vascular Functions in Type 2 Diabetic Male Patients. Bangladesh Society of Physiologists (BSP),16(1), 11-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v16i1.54347
Yulianti, Y., & Armiyati, Y. (2019). Kombinasi Relaksasi Nafas Dalam dan Murottal Surah Ar-Rahman Menurunkan Gula Darah Sewaktu pada Pasien DM Tipe II. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Mahasiswa, 2, 95–101. https://prosiding.unimus.ac.id/index.php/mahasiswa/article/view/446
