Efektivitas Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) untuk Mengurangi Gangguan Kecemasan dan Depresi pada Orang Dewasa
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in reducing anxiety and depression disorders in adults. The method used is a systematic review. The results of this study indicate that the MBCT intervention can reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression in adult patients. Effective MBCT intervention is carried out once a week for eight sessions, and each session is carried out for 2 hours under the guidance of a therapist. MBCT interventions consist of providing patients health education about anxiety symptoms, mindfulness training and meditation exercises by therapists, and independent activities at home for 15-30 minutes according to guidelines. This study concludes that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) has been proven effective in reducing anxiety and depression disorders in adults. Therefore, giving non-pharmacological therapy such as MBCT also has benefits besides pharmacological treatment.
Keywords: Depression, Anxiety Disorders, Adult Patients, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy.
References
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Razzak, H. A., Harbi, A., & Ahli, S. (2019). Depression: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in the United Arab Emirates. Oman Medical Journal, 34(4), 274–283. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2019.56
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Tseng, H., Chou, F., Chen, C., & Chang, Y. (2023). Effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder with Multiple Episodes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021555
World Health Organization. (2021). Depression. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
Geurts, D. E. M., Compen, F. R., Van-Beek, M. H. C. T., & Speckens, A. E. M. (2020). The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder: Evidence from Routine Outcome Monitoring Data. BJPsych Open, 6(6), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2020.118
Haller, H., Breilmann, P., Schröter, M., Dobos, G., & Cramer, H. (2021). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Acceptance and Mindfulness-Based Interventions for DSM-5 Anxiety Disorders. Scientific Reports, 11, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99882-w
Hohls, J. K., König, H. H., Quirke, E., & Hajek, A. (2021). Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life—A Systematic Review of Evidence from Longitudinal Observational Studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212022
Huberty, J., Puzia, M. E., Green, J., Vlisides-Henry, R. D., Larkey, L., Irwin, M. R., & Vranceanu, A. (2021). A Mindfulness Meditation Mobile App Improves Depression and Anxiety in Adults with Sleep Disturbance: Analysis from A Randomized Controlled Trial. General Hospital Psychiatry, 73, 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.09.004
Jiang, S., Liu, X., Han, N., Zhang, H., Xie, W., Xie, Z., Lu, X., Zhou, X., Zhao, Y., Duan, A., Zhao, S., Zhang, Z., & Huang, X. (2022). Effects of Group Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy on Symptomatic Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial. BMC Psychiatry, 22(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3
Khazami, M., & Bozorgi, Z. D. (2021). Effectiveness of the Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Depression, Stress, and Anxiety Among COVID-19 Patients. Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences, 13(3), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5812/jjhs.117000
Lamoureux-Lamarche, C., Berbiche, D., & Vasiliadis, H. M. (2022). Health Care System and Patient Costs Associated with Receipt of Minimally Adequate Treatment for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Older Adults. BMC Psychiatry, 22(175), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-03759-9
Musa, Z. A., Lam, S. K., Mukhtar, F. B. M., Yan, S. K., Olalekan, O. T., & Geok, S. K. (2020). Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on the Management of Depressive Disorder: Systematic Review. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 12, 100200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100200
Naibili, M. J. E., & Permana, I. (2020). Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) Towards Depression. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan, 8(1), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jik.2020.008.01.1
Ninomiya, A., Sado, M., Park, S., Fujisawa, D., Kosugi, T., Nakagawa, A., Shirahase, J., & Mimura, M., (2020). Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Patients with Anxiety Disorders in Secondary-Care Settings: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 74(2), 132–139. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12960
Noto, S., Wake, M., Mishiro, I., Hammer-Helmich, L., Ren, H., Moriguchi, Y., Fujikama, K., & Fernandez, J. (2022). Health-Related Quality of Life Over 6 Months in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder WHO Started Antidepressant Monotherapy. International Society for Health Economics and Outcomes Research, 30, 127–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vhri.2021.12.001
Polak, M., Nowicki, G. J., Naylor, K., Piekarski, R., & Ślusarska, B. (2022). The Prevalence of Depression Symptoms and Their Socioeconomic and Health Predictors in a Local Community with a High Deprivation: A Cross-Sectional Studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811797
Raee, M., Fatahi, N., Homayoun, M. S., Ezatabadipor, H., & Shams, M. (2022). The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on Self- esteem, Self-Concept, and Social Anxiety of People with Social Anxiety Disorder. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 23(5), 1–7. https://www.aseanjournalofpsychiatry.org/articles/the-effect-of-mindfulnessbased-cognitive-therapy-mbct-on-selfesteem-selfconcept-and-social-anxiety-of-people-with-social.pdf
Razzak, H. A., Harbi, A., & Ahli, S. (2019). Depression: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in the United Arab Emirates. Oman Medical Journal, 34(4), 274–283. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2019.56
Segal, Z. V., Dimidjian, S., Beck, A., Boggs, J. M., Vanderkruik, R., Metcalf, C. A., Gallop, R., Felder, J. N., & Levy, J. (2020). Outcomes of Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Patients with Residual Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(6), 563–573. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4693
Tseng, H., Chou, F., Chen, C., & Chang, Y. (2023). Effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder with Multiple Episodes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021555
World Health Organization. (2021). Depression. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
