Terapi Musik sebagai Terapi Komplementer untuk Menurunkan Kecemasan Pasien
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of music therapy in reducing anxiety in patients in the intensive care unit. The research method uses article searches conducted on four databases, namely Science Direct, Embase, Pubmed, and Proquest, with the keywords "Anxiety," "therapy music," and "Intensive Care Unit." Articles are limited to the last ten years, English, free full text, RCT, or clinical trial designs. Of the 500 articles obtained, after screening, eight articles were subjected to further analysis. The study results show that music therapy positively impacts the physical and psychological aspects of patients in the intensive care unit. The positive impact from a biological perspective includes lowering the respiratory and heart rates, while the positive effects from a psychological perspective are reducing anxiety. The effective duration of music therapy in reducing stress after analysis is 25-90 minutes. In addition, there is no significant difference in the type of music in reducing anxiety. In conclusion, music therapy can be used as a complementary therapy in reducing patient anxiety in the intensive care unit because it is proven to reduce stress, has minimal side effects, and is inexpensive.
Keywords: Anxiety, Intensive Care Unit, Music Therapy
References
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Ganesan, P., Manjini, K. J., & Vedagiri, S. C. B. (2022). Effect of Music on Pain, Anxiety and Physiological Parameters among Postoperative Sternotomy Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Caring Sciences, 11(3), 139–147. https://doi.org/10.34172/jcs.2022.18
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Hamid, M. R. A., Mansor, M. B., & Abidin, M. F. Z. (2022). Music Therapy for Reducing Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Replacement Surgery Under Subarachnoid Anesthesia. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery, 30(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/10225536221122347
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Poorolajal, J., Ashtarani, F., & Alimohammadi, N. (2017). Effect of Benson Relaxation Technique on the Preoperative Anxiety and Hemodynamic Status : A Single Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Artery Research, 17(December), 33–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artres.2017.01.002
Saeidi, M., Safaei, A., Sadat, Z., Abbasi, P., Sarcheshmeh, M. S. M., Dehghani, F., Tahrekhani, M., & Abdi, M. (2021). Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Patients Discharged from Critical Care Units. The Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 7(2), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.2478/jccm-2021-0012
Siregar, W. M., Tanjung, D., & Effendy, E. (2022). Efektivitas Terapi Musik Alam terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan pada Pasien Hemodialisis. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING), 4(2), 428–438. https://doi.org/10.31539/joting.v4i2.2692
Tridiyawati, F., & Wulandari, F. (2022). Efektifitas Terapi Musik terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan pada Postpartum Blues : Literature Review. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 4(7), 1736–1748. https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v4i7.6528
Ubrangala, K. K., Kunnavil, R., Vernekar, M. S., Goturu, J., Vijayadas, Prakash, V. S., & Murthy, N. S. (2022). Effect of Indian Music as an Auditory Stimulus on Physiological Measures of Stress, Anxiety, Cardiovascular and Autonomic Responses in Humans-A Randomized Controlled Trial. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 12(10), 1535–1558. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12100108
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Yuzkat, N., Soyalp, C., Turk, O., Keskin, S., & Gulhas, N. (2020). Effects of Showing the Operating Room on Preoperative Anxiety and Hemodynamics among Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 42(6), 553–558. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2020.1723619
Chahal, J. K., Sharma, P., Sulena, & Rawat, H. C. L. (2021). Effect of Music Therapy on ICU Induced Anxiety and Physiological Parameters among ICU Patients: An Experimental Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital of India. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 11(February), 100716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100716
Contreras-Molina, M., Rueda-Núñez, A., Pérez-Collado, M. L., & GarcÃa-Maestro, A. (2021). Effect of Music Therapy on Anxiety and Pain in the Critical Polytraumatised Patient. EnfermerÃa Intensiva (English Ed.), 32(2), 79–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfie.2020.03.005
Ganesan, P., Manjini, K. J., & Vedagiri, S. C. B. (2022). Effect of Music on Pain, Anxiety and Physiological Parameters among Postoperative Sternotomy Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Caring Sciences, 11(3), 139–147. https://doi.org/10.34172/jcs.2022.18
Gezginci, E., Goktas, S., & Orhan, B. N. (2022). The Effects of Environmental Stressors in Intensive Care Unit on Anxiety and Depression. Nursing in Critical Care, 27(1), 113–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12553
Golino, A. J., Leone, R., Gollenberg, A., Christopher, C., Stanger, D., Davis, T. M., Meadows, A., Zhang, Z., & Friesen, M. A. (2019). Impact of an Active Music Therapy Intervention on Intensive Care Patients. American Journal of Critical Care, 28(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2019792
Grenier, S., Payette, M. C., Gunther, B., Askari, S., Desjardins, F. F., Raymond, B., & Berbiche, D. (2019). Association of Age and Gender with Anxiety Disorders in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 34(3), 397–407. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5035
Gustomi, M. P., Zahroh, R., Istiroha, I., Umah, K., Syafii, M., & Mustafidah, N. (2023). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR) Pada Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Rumah Sakit Petrokimia Gresik Driyorejo. Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal, 4(1), 426–435. http://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej
Hamid, M. R. A., Mansor, M. B., & Abidin, M. F. Z. (2022). Music Therapy for Reducing Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Replacement Surgery Under Subarachnoid Anesthesia. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery, 30(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/10225536221122347
Janthasila, N., & Keeratisiroj, O. (2023). Music Therapy and Aromatherapy on Dental Anxiety and Fear: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Dental Sciences, 18(1), 203–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2022.06.008
Lee, C. H., Lee, C. Y., Hsu, M. Y., Lai, C. L., Sung, Y. H., Lin, C. Y., & Lin, L. Y. (2017). Effects of Music Intervention on State Anxiety and Physiological Indices in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Biological Research for Nursing, 19(2), 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800416669601
Malakoutikhah, A., Dehghan, M., Ghonchehpoorc, A., Afshar, P. P., & Honarmand, A. (2020). The Effect of Different Genres of Music and Silence on Relaxation and Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Explore, 16(6), 376–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2020.02.005
Merliot-Gailhoustet, L., Raimbert, C., Garnier, O., Carr, J., De Jong, A., Molinari, N., Jaber, S., & Chanques, G. (2022). Discomfort Improvement for Critically Ill Patients Using Electronic Relaxation Devices: Results of the Cross-Over Randomized Controlled Trial E-CHOISIR (Electronic-CHOIce of a System for Intensive care Relaxation). Critical Care, 26(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-022-04136-4
Padila, P., Andri, J., Andrianto, M. B., Sartika, A., & Oktaviyani, Y. (2022). Bermain Edukatif Ular Tangga Mampu Mengatasi Kecemasan pada Anak Hospitalisasi. Jurnal Kesmas Asclepius, 4(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.31539/jka.v4i1.3748
Pole, J. S., Andri, J., & Padila, P. (2021). Cardiovascular Patient’s Anxiety in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOSING: Journal of Nursing and Health, 2(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.31539/josing.v2i1.3022
Poorolajal, J., Ashtarani, F., & Alimohammadi, N. (2017). Effect of Benson Relaxation Technique on the Preoperative Anxiety and Hemodynamic Status : A Single Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Artery Research, 17(December), 33–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artres.2017.01.002
Saeidi, M., Safaei, A., Sadat, Z., Abbasi, P., Sarcheshmeh, M. S. M., Dehghani, F., Tahrekhani, M., & Abdi, M. (2021). Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Patients Discharged from Critical Care Units. The Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 7(2), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.2478/jccm-2021-0012
Siregar, W. M., Tanjung, D., & Effendy, E. (2022). Efektivitas Terapi Musik Alam terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan pada Pasien Hemodialisis. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING), 4(2), 428–438. https://doi.org/10.31539/joting.v4i2.2692
Tridiyawati, F., & Wulandari, F. (2022). Efektifitas Terapi Musik terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan pada Postpartum Blues : Literature Review. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 4(7), 1736–1748. https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v4i7.6528
Ubrangala, K. K., Kunnavil, R., Vernekar, M. S., Goturu, J., Vijayadas, Prakash, V. S., & Murthy, N. S. (2022). Effect of Indian Music as an Auditory Stimulus on Physiological Measures of Stress, Anxiety, Cardiovascular and Autonomic Responses in Humans-A Randomized Controlled Trial. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 12(10), 1535–1558. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12100108
Wulan, E. S., & Apriliyasari, R. W. (2020). Perubahan Intensitas Nyeri Melalui Pemberian Terapi Musik Gamelan pada Pasien di Intensive Care Unit (ICU) RSUD Dr. Loekmonohadi Kudus. Jurnal Keperawatan dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Cendekia Utama, 9(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.31596/jcu.v9i1.509
Yuzkat, N., Soyalp, C., Turk, O., Keskin, S., & Gulhas, N. (2020). Effects of Showing the Operating Room on Preoperative Anxiety and Hemodynamics among Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 42(6), 553–558. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2020.1723619
