Dampak Ketakutan terhadap Proses Intranatal
Abstract
This research aims to determine the impact of fear on intranatal and postnatal processes. The research method used was a scoping review of articles about the effects of fear of giving birth by searching database sources from Pubmed, Ebsco, and the Google Scholar search engine. The keywords used for the first search are "Childbirth Fear" AND "Impact of Childbirth Fear" OR "Effects of Childbirth Fear". Research results show that fear of giving birth that continues or is not handled correctly can cause mental well-being disorders after giving birth. These include postnatal anxiety, postnatal depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Persistent, unresolved fears can affect the bond between mother and baby. A prolonged fear of giving birth can increase the risk of premature birth or a baby with a low birth weight. The nursing intervention that can be carried out is making a directed and comprehensive birth plan involving the medical and nursing team. In conclusion, fear can trigger a stress response and increase physical and emotional tension in pregnant women during labor, causing delayed delivery or hindering the progression of work. Continued fear can lead to posttraumatic stress disorder, postpartum depression, or difficulty in meeting their baby's emotional and mental needs.
Keywords: Maternal Emotions, Fear of Childbirth, Baby Risks
References
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Varela, P., Zervas, I., Lykeridou, A., & Deltsidou, A. (2022). Preliminary Results Of The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire In A Greek Sample. International Journal Of Caring Sciences, 15(1), 70–76.
Zilver, S. J. M., Hendrix, Y. M. G. A., Broekman, B. F. P., De Leeuw, R. A., De Groot, C. J. M., & Van Pampus, M. G. (2022). Fear Of Childbirth In Pregnancy Was Not Increased During The COVID-19 Pandemic In The Netherlands: A Cross-Sectional Study. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 101(10), 1129–1134. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14409
Alfiani, R., & Realita, F. (2021). Literature Review: Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Trimester III Dalam Menghadapi Persalinan. Jurnal Sosial Sains, 1(11), 1481–1486. https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsosains.v1i11.260
Asnuriyati, W., & Fajri, L. (2020). Gambaran Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Trimester III Dalam Menghadapi Persalinan Di Puskesmas Cempaka Tahun 2020. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11), 951–952., 1(2), 1–8.
Astuti, Y. L., & Kao, C.-H. (2022). Penerjemahan Dan Validasi Instrumen Takut Melahirkan Ke Dalam Bahasa Indonesia: W-DEQ Versi A. Journal Of Midwifery Science And Women’s Health, 3(1), 23–31. Https://Doi.Org/10.36082/Jmswh.V3i1.814
Demšar, K., Svetina, M., Verdenik, I., Tul, N., Blickstein, I., & Velikonja, V. G. (2018). Tokophobia (Fear Of Childbirth): Prevalence And Risk Factors. Journal Of Perinatal Medicine, 46(2), 151–154. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2016-0282
Fairbrother, N., Albert, A., Collardeau, F., & Keeney, C. (2022). The Childbirth Fear Questionnaire And The Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire As Screening Tools For Specific Phobia, Fear Of Childbirth. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 19(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084647
Hayati, F. (2018). Perbedaan Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Bersalin Di Puskesmas Dengan Di Bidan Praktik Mandiri. Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim Jambi, 7(1), 85. https://doi.org/10.36565/jab.v7i1.69
Heriani. (2020). Kecemasan Dalam Menjelang Persalinan. Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 1(2), 01–07. doi : 10.30604/Jika.V1i2.14
Hosseini, V. M., Makai, A., Varga, K., Ács, P., Prémusz, V., & Várnagy, Á. (2019). Assessing Fear Of Childbirth And Its Predictors Among Hungarian Pregnant Women Using Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Subscales. Psychology, Health And Medicine, 24(7), 879–889. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2019.1572904
Kananikandeh, S., Shokravi, F. A., & Mirghafourvand, M. (2022). Factors Of The Childbirth Fear Among Nulliparous Women In Iran. BMC Pregnancy And Childbirth, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04870-1
Khwepeya, M., Lee, G. T., Chen, S. R., & Kuo, S. Y. (2018). Childbirth Fear And Related Factors Among Pregnant And Postpartum Women In Malawi. BMC Pregnancy And Childbirth, 18(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-2023
Martin, C., Jones, C., Marshall, C. A., Huang, C., Reeve, J., Fleming, M. P., König, J., & Jomeen, J. (2022). Fear Of Childbirth Measurement: Appraisal Of The Content Overlap Of Four Instruments. Journal Of Reproductive And Infant Psychology, 40(4), 329–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2020.1861226
Mortazavi, F., & Mehrabadi, M. (2021). Predictors Of Fear Of Childbirth And Normal Vaginal Birth Among Iranian Postpartum Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Pregnancy And Childbirth, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03790-w
Nasir, F., Nuraiman, N., & Safitri, D. (2022). Kecemasanan Ibu Hamilttrimester 3 Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Dalam Menghadapi Persalinan. Media Publikasi Penelitian Kebidanan, 3(1), 22–26. https://doi.org/10.55771/mppk.v3i1.33
Nasr, E. H., Alshehri, N., Almutairi, M. A., & Abdelmenim, F. M. (2020). Fear From Childbirth Among Pregnant Women. Oalib, 07(07), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106427
O’Connell, M. A., Khashan, A. S., Leahy-Warren, P., Stewart, F., & O’Neill, S. M. (2021). Interventions For Fear Of Childbirth Including Tocophobia. Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews, 2021(7). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013321.pub2
Onchonga, D., Hammoud, S., Kuriakose, S., & Muhammad, E. A. K. (2021). Exploring Fear Of Childbirth In Kenya Through Evaluation Of The Readability Of Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Version A (W-DEQ-A). Sexual And Reproductive Healthcare, 28(February), 100605.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2021.100605
Shakarami, A., Mirghafourvand, M., Abdolalipour, S., Jafarabadi, M. A., & Iravani, M. (2021). Comparison Of Fear, Anxiety And Self-Efficacy Of Childbirth Among Primiparous And Multiparous Women. BMC Pregnancy And Childbirth, 21(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04114-8
Slade, P., Balling, K., Sheen, K., & Houghton, G. (2020). Identifying Fear Of Childbirth In A UK Population: Qualitative Examination Of The Clarity And Acceptability Of Existing Measurement Tools In A Small UK Sample. BMC Pregnancy And Childbirth, 20(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03249-4
Suhermi, S., & Amirasti, S. (2020). Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kecemasan Ibu Primigravida Menjelang Persalinan. Window Of Nursing Journal, 01(01), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.33096/won.v1i1.23
Uçar, T., & Golbasi, Z. (2019). Effect Of An Educational Program Based On Cognitive Behavioral Techniques On Fear Of Childbirth And The Birth Process. Journal Of Psychosomatic Obstetrics And Gynecology, 40(2), 146–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482X.2018.1453800
Varela, P., Zervas, I., Lykeridou, A., & Deltsidou, A. (2022). Preliminary Results Of The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire In A Greek Sample. International Journal Of Caring Sciences, 15(1), 70–76.
Zilver, S. J. M., Hendrix, Y. M. G. A., Broekman, B. F. P., De Leeuw, R. A., De Groot, C. J. M., & Van Pampus, M. G. (2022). Fear Of Childbirth In Pregnancy Was Not Increased During The COVID-19 Pandemic In The Netherlands: A Cross-Sectional Study. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 101(10), 1129–1134. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14409
