Diit Rendah Karbohidrat dan Puasa Intermitten terhadap Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of a low carbohydrate diet and intermittent fasting on blood pressure in hypertension sufferers. The research method used literature searches published in electronic databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, from 2013 to 2023, using the PRISMA method. Research shows that both can reduce blood pressure, especially systolic blood pressure. In conclusion, further research needs to be carried out to look specifically at the impact of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet and intermittent fasting on blood pressure in people with hypertension.
Keywords: Low Carbohydrate Diet, Hypertension, Intermittent Fasting, Blood Pressure
References
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Andri, J., Padila, P., Sartika, A., Andrianto, M. B., & Harsismanto, J. (2021). Changes of Blood Pressure in Hypertension Patients Through Isometric Handgrip Exercise. JOSING: Journal of Nursing and Health, 1(2), 54-64. https://doi.org/10.31539/josing.v1i2.2326
Andri, J., Waluyo, A., Jumaiyah, W., & Nastashia, D. (2018). Efektivitas Isometric Handgrip Exercise dan Slow Deep Breathing Exercise terhadap Perubahan Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 2(1), 371-384. https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v2i1.382
Ariyanti, R., Preharsini, I. A., & Sipolio, B. W. (2020). Edukasi Kesehatan dalam Upaya Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Hipertensi pada Lansia. To Maega: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 3(2), 74–82. https://doi.org/10.35914/tomaega.v3i2.369
Astuti, A. P., Damayanti, D., & Ngadiarti, I. (2021). Penerapan Anjuran Diet DASH Dibandingkan Diet Rendah Garam Berdasarkan Konseling Gizi terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi di puskesmas Larangan Utara. Gizi Indonesia, 44(1), 109–120. https://doi.org/10.36457/gizindo.v44i1.559
D’Souza, M. S., Dong, T. A., Ragazzo, G., Dhindsa, D. S., Mehta, A., Sandesara, P. B., & Sperling, L. S. (2020). From Fad to Fact: Evaluating the Impact of Emerging Diets on the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. American Journal of Medicine, 133(10), 1126–1134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.05.017
Freire, R. (2020). Scientific Evidence of Diets for Weight Loss: Different Macronutrient Composition, Intermittent Fasting, and Popular Diets. Nutrition, 69, 110549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2019.07.001
Gaillard, E. C. (2023). The Prognostic Value of Relative Grip Strength in Assessing Hypertension Risk. The University of North Carolina at Charlotte PP - United States -- North Carolina. https://www.proquest.com/openview/e2d9d9b89fee9408bbc54a6a2d688193/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Glover, L. M., Cain-Shields, L. R., Wyatt, S. B., Gebreab, S. Y., Diez-Roux, A. V, & Sims, M. (2020). Life Course Socioeconomic Status and Hypertension in African American Adults: The Jackson Heart Study. American Journal of Hypertension, 33(1), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpz133
Harsismanto, J., Andri, J., Payana, T., Andrianto, M. B., & Sartika, A. (2020). Kualitas Tidur Berhubungan dengan Perubahan Tekanan Darah pada Lansia. Jurnal Kesmas Asclepius, 2(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.31539/jka.v2i1.1146
Jaramillo, A. P., Castells, J., Ibrahimli, S., Jaramillo, L., Andriuoli, R. R. B., Moncada, D., & Revilla, J. C. (2023). Time-Restricted Feeding and Intermittent Fasting as Preventive Therapeutics: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Cureus, 15(7). https://doi.org/: 10.7759/cureus.42300
Khalfallah, M., Elnagar, B., Soliman, S. S., Eissa, A., & Allaithy, A. (2023). The Value of Intermittent Fasting and Low Carbohydrate Diet in Prediabetic Patients for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 120, e20220606. https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220606
Kirschbaum, T. K., Sudharsanan, N., Manne-Goehler, J., De Neve, J.-W., Lemp, J. M., Theilmann, M., & Geldsetzer, P. (2022). The Association of Socioeconomic Status With Hypertension in 76 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 80(8), 804–817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.05.044
Kleissl-Muir, S., Owen, A., Rasmussen, B., Zinn, C., & Driscoll, A. (2023). Effects of a Low Carbohydrate Diet on Heart Failure Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Randomised Controlled Trial Pilot Study. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2023.08.015
Krist, A. H., Davidson, K. W., Mangione, C. M., Barry, M. J., Cabana, M., Caughey, A. B., & Kubik, M. (2020). Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Promote A Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Jama, 324(20), 2069–2075. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.21749
Lopes, J. A. S., Giatti, L., Griep, R. H., Lopes, A. A. da S., Matos, S. M. A., Chor, D., & Barreto, S. M. (2021). Life Course Socioeconomic Position, Intergenerational Social Mobility, and Hypertension Incidence in ELSA-Brasil. American Journal of Hypertension, 34(8), 801–809. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpab029
Martyniak, A., & Tomasik, P. J. (2022). A New Perspective on the Renin-Angiotensin System. Diagnostics, 13(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010016
Mills, K. T., Stefanescu, A., & He, J. (2020). The Global Epidemiology of Hypertension. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 16(4), 223–237. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41581-019-0244-2
Permata, F., Andri, J., Padila, P., Andrianto, M., & Sartika, A. (2021). Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi Menggunakan Teknik Alternate Nostril Breathing Exercise. Jurnal Kesmas Asclepius, 3(2), 60-69. https://doi.org/10.31539/jka.v3i2.2973
Rachmawati, D., Sintowati, R., Lestari, N., & Agustina, T. (2021). Pengaruh Diet Dash (Dietary Approach To Stop Hypertension) terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi: Studi Literatur. Prosiding University Research Colloquium, 150–157. https://repository.urecol.org/index.php/proceeding/article/view/1316
Rossato, S. L., Mosele, F., Moreira, L. B., Rodrigues, M. P., Lima, R. F., Fuchs, F. D., & Fuchs, S. C. (2021). Development, Validation, and Reproducibility of Food Group-Based Frequency Questionnaires for Clinical Use in Brazil: A Pre-Hypertension and Hypertension Diet Assessment. Nutrients, 13(11), 3881. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113881
Saputra, P. B. T., Lamara, A. D., Saputra, M. E., Maulana, R. A., Hermawati, I. E., Achmad, H. A., & Oktaviono, Y. H. (2023). Diagnosis dan Terapi Non-farmakologis pada Hipertensi. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 50(6), 322–330. https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v50i6.624
Sarathy, H., Salman, L. A., Lee, C., & Cohen, J. B. (2022). Evaluation and Management of Secondary Hypertension. Medical Clinics of North America, 106(2), 269–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2021.11.004
Sartika, A., Betrianita, B., Andri, J., Padila, P., & Nugrah, A. V. (2020). Senam Lansia Menurunkan Tekanan Darah pada Lansia. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING), 2(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.31539/joting.v2i1.1126
Suthutvoravut, U., Anothaisintawee, T., Boonmanunt, S., Pramyothin, S., Siriyothin, S., Attia, J., McKay, G. J., Reutrakul, S., & Thakkinstian, A. (2023). Efficacy of Time-Restricted Eating and Behavioral Economic Intervention in Reducing Fasting Plasma Glucose, HbA1c, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Impaired Fasting Glucose: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 15(19), 4233. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194233
Varady, K. A., Cienfuegos, S., Ezpeleta, M., & Gabel, K. (2022). Clinical Application of Intermittent Fasting for Weight Loss: Progress and Future Directions. Nature Reviews. Endocrinology, 18(5), 309–321. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-022-00638-x
WHO. (2021). Hipertensi. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension%0A
Wu, Y., Ma, G., Feng, N., Zhang, Z., Zhang, S., & Li, X. (2022). The Pathogenesis and Influencing Factors of Adult Hypertension Based on Structural Equation Scanning. Scanning, 2022, 2663604. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2663604
Andri, J., Padila, P., Sartika, A., Andrianto, M. B., & Harsismanto, J. (2021). Changes of Blood Pressure in Hypertension Patients Through Isometric Handgrip Exercise. JOSING: Journal of Nursing and Health, 1(2), 54-64. https://doi.org/10.31539/josing.v1i2.2326
Andri, J., Waluyo, A., Jumaiyah, W., & Nastashia, D. (2018). Efektivitas Isometric Handgrip Exercise dan Slow Deep Breathing Exercise terhadap Perubahan Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 2(1), 371-384. https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v2i1.382
Ariyanti, R., Preharsini, I. A., & Sipolio, B. W. (2020). Edukasi Kesehatan dalam Upaya Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Hipertensi pada Lansia. To Maega: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 3(2), 74–82. https://doi.org/10.35914/tomaega.v3i2.369
Astuti, A. P., Damayanti, D., & Ngadiarti, I. (2021). Penerapan Anjuran Diet DASH Dibandingkan Diet Rendah Garam Berdasarkan Konseling Gizi terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi di puskesmas Larangan Utara. Gizi Indonesia, 44(1), 109–120. https://doi.org/10.36457/gizindo.v44i1.559
D’Souza, M. S., Dong, T. A., Ragazzo, G., Dhindsa, D. S., Mehta, A., Sandesara, P. B., & Sperling, L. S. (2020). From Fad to Fact: Evaluating the Impact of Emerging Diets on the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. American Journal of Medicine, 133(10), 1126–1134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.05.017
Freire, R. (2020). Scientific Evidence of Diets for Weight Loss: Different Macronutrient Composition, Intermittent Fasting, and Popular Diets. Nutrition, 69, 110549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2019.07.001
Gaillard, E. C. (2023). The Prognostic Value of Relative Grip Strength in Assessing Hypertension Risk. The University of North Carolina at Charlotte PP - United States -- North Carolina. https://www.proquest.com/openview/e2d9d9b89fee9408bbc54a6a2d688193/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Glover, L. M., Cain-Shields, L. R., Wyatt, S. B., Gebreab, S. Y., Diez-Roux, A. V, & Sims, M. (2020). Life Course Socioeconomic Status and Hypertension in African American Adults: The Jackson Heart Study. American Journal of Hypertension, 33(1), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpz133
Harsismanto, J., Andri, J., Payana, T., Andrianto, M. B., & Sartika, A. (2020). Kualitas Tidur Berhubungan dengan Perubahan Tekanan Darah pada Lansia. Jurnal Kesmas Asclepius, 2(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.31539/jka.v2i1.1146
Jaramillo, A. P., Castells, J., Ibrahimli, S., Jaramillo, L., Andriuoli, R. R. B., Moncada, D., & Revilla, J. C. (2023). Time-Restricted Feeding and Intermittent Fasting as Preventive Therapeutics: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Cureus, 15(7). https://doi.org/: 10.7759/cureus.42300
Khalfallah, M., Elnagar, B., Soliman, S. S., Eissa, A., & Allaithy, A. (2023). The Value of Intermittent Fasting and Low Carbohydrate Diet in Prediabetic Patients for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 120, e20220606. https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220606
Kirschbaum, T. K., Sudharsanan, N., Manne-Goehler, J., De Neve, J.-W., Lemp, J. M., Theilmann, M., & Geldsetzer, P. (2022). The Association of Socioeconomic Status With Hypertension in 76 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 80(8), 804–817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.05.044
Kleissl-Muir, S., Owen, A., Rasmussen, B., Zinn, C., & Driscoll, A. (2023). Effects of a Low Carbohydrate Diet on Heart Failure Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Randomised Controlled Trial Pilot Study. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2023.08.015
Krist, A. H., Davidson, K. W., Mangione, C. M., Barry, M. J., Cabana, M., Caughey, A. B., & Kubik, M. (2020). Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Promote A Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Jama, 324(20), 2069–2075. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.21749
Lopes, J. A. S., Giatti, L., Griep, R. H., Lopes, A. A. da S., Matos, S. M. A., Chor, D., & Barreto, S. M. (2021). Life Course Socioeconomic Position, Intergenerational Social Mobility, and Hypertension Incidence in ELSA-Brasil. American Journal of Hypertension, 34(8), 801–809. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpab029
Martyniak, A., & Tomasik, P. J. (2022). A New Perspective on the Renin-Angiotensin System. Diagnostics, 13(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010016
Mills, K. T., Stefanescu, A., & He, J. (2020). The Global Epidemiology of Hypertension. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 16(4), 223–237. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41581-019-0244-2
Permata, F., Andri, J., Padila, P., Andrianto, M., & Sartika, A. (2021). Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi Menggunakan Teknik Alternate Nostril Breathing Exercise. Jurnal Kesmas Asclepius, 3(2), 60-69. https://doi.org/10.31539/jka.v3i2.2973
Rachmawati, D., Sintowati, R., Lestari, N., & Agustina, T. (2021). Pengaruh Diet Dash (Dietary Approach To Stop Hypertension) terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi: Studi Literatur. Prosiding University Research Colloquium, 150–157. https://repository.urecol.org/index.php/proceeding/article/view/1316
Rossato, S. L., Mosele, F., Moreira, L. B., Rodrigues, M. P., Lima, R. F., Fuchs, F. D., & Fuchs, S. C. (2021). Development, Validation, and Reproducibility of Food Group-Based Frequency Questionnaires for Clinical Use in Brazil: A Pre-Hypertension and Hypertension Diet Assessment. Nutrients, 13(11), 3881. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113881
Saputra, P. B. T., Lamara, A. D., Saputra, M. E., Maulana, R. A., Hermawati, I. E., Achmad, H. A., & Oktaviono, Y. H. (2023). Diagnosis dan Terapi Non-farmakologis pada Hipertensi. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 50(6), 322–330. https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v50i6.624
Sarathy, H., Salman, L. A., Lee, C., & Cohen, J. B. (2022). Evaluation and Management of Secondary Hypertension. Medical Clinics of North America, 106(2), 269–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2021.11.004
Sartika, A., Betrianita, B., Andri, J., Padila, P., & Nugrah, A. V. (2020). Senam Lansia Menurunkan Tekanan Darah pada Lansia. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING), 2(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.31539/joting.v2i1.1126
Suthutvoravut, U., Anothaisintawee, T., Boonmanunt, S., Pramyothin, S., Siriyothin, S., Attia, J., McKay, G. J., Reutrakul, S., & Thakkinstian, A. (2023). Efficacy of Time-Restricted Eating and Behavioral Economic Intervention in Reducing Fasting Plasma Glucose, HbA1c, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Impaired Fasting Glucose: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 15(19), 4233. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194233
Varady, K. A., Cienfuegos, S., Ezpeleta, M., & Gabel, K. (2022). Clinical Application of Intermittent Fasting for Weight Loss: Progress and Future Directions. Nature Reviews. Endocrinology, 18(5), 309–321. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-022-00638-x
WHO. (2021). Hipertensi. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension%0A
Wu, Y., Ma, G., Feng, N., Zhang, Z., Zhang, S., & Li, X. (2022). The Pathogenesis and Influencing Factors of Adult Hypertension Based on Structural Equation Scanning. Scanning, 2022, 2663604. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2663604
Published
2024-04-19
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 Wahadi Wahadi, Elly Nurachmah, Riri Maria
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