Latihan Fisik terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah dan Kualitas Hidup Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on blood glucose levels and quality of life in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods This research uses a systematic review method referring to PRISMA guidelines. Research shows that physical exercise, especially a combination of aerobic and resistance, effectively improves quality of life and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. High-intensity exercise can improve cardiorespiratory fitness. The combination of vitamin D supplementation and exercise training has a synergistic effect in enhancing insulin resistance. Concomitant aerobic and resistance exercise is recommended for managing type 2 diabetes, with HIIT being an effective intensity option. In conclusion, physical exercise, especially a combination of aerobic and resistance, effectively improves the quality of life and glycemic control in T2DM individuals.
Keywords: Physical Activity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Glucose Levels
References
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Cai, Y., Wang, Z., Feng, L., & Ni, G. X. (2022). Effect of Exercise on the Cognitive Function of Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 28(16). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.876935
Chen, Y., Pan, Y., Kang, S., Lu, J., Tan, X., Liang, Y., Lyu, W., Li, Y., Huang, H., Qin, C., Zhu, Z., Li, S., & Qiu, S. (2021). Identifying Type 2 Diabetic Brains by Investigating Disease-Related Structural Changes in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 15, 728874. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.728874
Eshete, A., Mohammed, S., Shine, S., Eshetie, Y., Assefa, Y., & Tadesse, N. (2023). Effect of Physical Activity Promotion Program on Adherence to Physical Exercise Among Patients With Type II Diabetes in North Shoa Zone Amhara Region: A Quasi-Experimental Study. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 709. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15642-7
Fan, R., Zhang, N., Yang, L., Ke, J., Zhao, D., & Cui, Q. (2020). AI-Based Prediction for the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71321-2
Gentil, P., Silva, L. R. B. e, Antunes, D. E., Carneiro, L. B., Lira, C. A. B. de, Batista, G., Oliveira, J. C. M. de, Cardoso, J. S., Souza, D., & Rebelo, A. C. S. (2023). The Effects of Three Different Low-Volume Aerobic Training Protocols on Cardiometabolic Parameters of Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 23(14), 985404. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.985404
Holzer, R., Schulte-Körne, B., Seidler, J., Predel, H. G., & Brinkmann, C. (2021). Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise with and Without Whole-Body Electromyostimulation and Endurance Exercise on the Postprandial Glucose Regulation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Crossover Study. Nutrients, 13(12), 4322. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124322
Kartika, R., Purnamasari, D., Pradipta, S., Larasati, R. A., & Wibowo, H. (2020). Impact of Low Interferon-γ and IL-10 Levels on TNF-α and IL-6 Production by PHA-Induced PBMCs in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Inflammation Research, 13, 187–193. https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S245064
Kong, L., Ren, J., Fang, S., He, T., Zhou, X., & Fang, M. (2022). Effects of Traditional Chinese Mind-Body Exercise-Baduanjin for Type 2 Diabetes on Psychological Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 923411. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.923411
Kraiwong, R., Vongsirinavarat, M., Rueankam, M., & Sumalrot, T. (2021). Effects of Physical-Cognitive Training on Physical and Psychological Functions Among Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Balance Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 17(2), 120-130. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2142106.053
Li, X., Sun, B., Wang, L., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z., Wu, H., Liu, X., Zhou, Y., Mossa-Basha, M., Tirschwell, D. L., Xu, J., Zhao, H., & Zhu, C. (2021). Association of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Glycemic Control With Intracranial Plaque Characteristics in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: JMRI, 54(2), 655–666. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.27614
Linawati, Y., Kristin, E., Prabandari, Y. S., & Kristina, S. A. (2022). Exploring the Experiences and Needs of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Protocol for a Qualitative Study. Jmir Research Protocols, 11(9), e37528. https://doi.org/10.2196/37528
Liu, H., Feng, J., & Tang, L. (2022). Perubahan Struktural Ginjal Dini dan Biomarker Potensial pada Nefropati Diabetik. Fisiol Depan, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffphys.2022.1020443
Ma, Y., Liu, H.,Wang, Y., Xuan, J., Gao, X., Ding, H., Ma, C., Chen, Y., & Yang, Y. (2022). Roles of Physical Exercise-Induced MiR-126 in Cardiovascular Health of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 14(1), 169. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-022-00942-6
Mohankumar, J. B., Bhavani, S. V, & Sowmiya, S. (2021). A Cross-Sectional Study on the Physical Activity of Selected Elderly Diabetics. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2021.6.1.0037
Molsted, S., Jensen, T. M., Larsen, J. S., Olesen, L. B., Milling Eriksen, S. B., Rehling, T., Rasmussen, S., & Aadahl, M. (2022). Changes of Physical Function and Quality of Life in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After Exercise Training in a Municipality or a Hospital Setting. Journal of Diabetes Research, 17. 575189. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5751891
Mthembu, S. X. H., Mazibuko-Mbeje, S. E., Ziqubu, K., Nyawo, T. A., Obonye, N., Nyambuya, T. M., Nkambule, B. B., Silvestri, S., Tiano, L., Muller, C. J. F., & Dludla, P. V. (2022). Impact of Physical Exercise and Caloric Restriction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance and Mitochondrial Dysfunction As Ideal Therapeutic Targets. Life Sciences, 297, 120467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120467
Mudjanarko, S. W., Irawati, A., Tinduh, D., & Susanto, T. N. (2023). Effect of Moderate-Intensity Treadmill Exercise on Increased Adiponectin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Revista Brasileira De Medicina Do Esporte. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329022022_0144i
Mukhtar, Y., Galalain, A. M., & Yunusa, U. M. (2020). A Modern Overview on Diabetes Mellitus: A Chronic Endocrine Disorder. European Journal of Biology, 5(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.47672/ejb.409
Pfeifer, L. O., Nardi, A. T. De, da Silva, L. X. N., Botton, C. E., do Nascimento, D. M., Teodoro, J. L., Schaan, B. D., & Umpierre, D. (2022). Association between Physical Exercise Interventions Participation and Functional Capacity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials. Sports Medicine - Open, 8(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00422-1
Rompis, A. Y., Gorintha, A. W., & Nurmi, N. (2022). Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) as a Therapeutic Target in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Vascular Complications: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Research and Review, 9(1), 340-350. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220141
Rubinowicz -Zasada, M., Kucio, E., Polak, A., Stastny, P., Wierzbicki, K., Król, P., & Kucio, C. (2021). The Combined Effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Insulin Therapy on Glycated Hemoglobin Concentrations, Lipid Profiles and Hemodynamic Parameters in Patients With Type-2-Diabetes and Hemiplegia Related to Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073433
Soelistijo, S. A., Adiwinoto, R. D., Pranoto, A., & Ardiany, D. (2022). The Performance of Lipid Profiles and Ratios as a Predictor of Arterial Stiffness Measured by Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. F1000Research. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.128627
Wang, X., Yang, W., Zhu, Y., Zhang, S., Jiang, M., Ji, H., & Zhang, H. (2022). Genomic DNA Methylation in Diabetic Chronic Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13. 896511. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.896511
Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., Sheng, S., Xing, Y., Mou, Z., Zhang, Y., Shi, Z., Yu, Z., Gao, Q., Cai, W., & Qi, J. (2023). Relationship between Physical Exercise and Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Chain Mediating Roles of Sleep Quality and Depression. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 16, 817-828. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s4037
Bakara, D. M., & Kurniyati, K. (2021). Effect of Leg Exercise on the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Rejang Lebong Regional Hospital. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing, 13(2), 50-55. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2021.v13i02.009
Bariyyah, Y. K., Sawitri, E., & Bakhtiar, R. (2021). The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Blood Glucose Level Among Patients With Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.30650/jik.v9i2.2256
Cai, Y., Wang, Z., Feng, L., & Ni, G. X. (2022). Effect of Exercise on the Cognitive Function of Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 28(16). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.876935
Chen, Y., Pan, Y., Kang, S., Lu, J., Tan, X., Liang, Y., Lyu, W., Li, Y., Huang, H., Qin, C., Zhu, Z., Li, S., & Qiu, S. (2021). Identifying Type 2 Diabetic Brains by Investigating Disease-Related Structural Changes in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 15, 728874. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.728874
Eshete, A., Mohammed, S., Shine, S., Eshetie, Y., Assefa, Y., & Tadesse, N. (2023). Effect of Physical Activity Promotion Program on Adherence to Physical Exercise Among Patients With Type II Diabetes in North Shoa Zone Amhara Region: A Quasi-Experimental Study. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 709. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15642-7
Fan, R., Zhang, N., Yang, L., Ke, J., Zhao, D., & Cui, Q. (2020). AI-Based Prediction for the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71321-2
Gentil, P., Silva, L. R. B. e, Antunes, D. E., Carneiro, L. B., Lira, C. A. B. de, Batista, G., Oliveira, J. C. M. de, Cardoso, J. S., Souza, D., & Rebelo, A. C. S. (2023). The Effects of Three Different Low-Volume Aerobic Training Protocols on Cardiometabolic Parameters of Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 23(14), 985404. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.985404
Holzer, R., Schulte-Körne, B., Seidler, J., Predel, H. G., & Brinkmann, C. (2021). Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise with and Without Whole-Body Electromyostimulation and Endurance Exercise on the Postprandial Glucose Regulation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Crossover Study. Nutrients, 13(12), 4322. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124322
Kartika, R., Purnamasari, D., Pradipta, S., Larasati, R. A., & Wibowo, H. (2020). Impact of Low Interferon-γ and IL-10 Levels on TNF-α and IL-6 Production by PHA-Induced PBMCs in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Inflammation Research, 13, 187–193. https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S245064
Kong, L., Ren, J., Fang, S., He, T., Zhou, X., & Fang, M. (2022). Effects of Traditional Chinese Mind-Body Exercise-Baduanjin for Type 2 Diabetes on Psychological Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 923411. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.923411
Kraiwong, R., Vongsirinavarat, M., Rueankam, M., & Sumalrot, T. (2021). Effects of Physical-Cognitive Training on Physical and Psychological Functions Among Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Balance Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 17(2), 120-130. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2142106.053
Li, X., Sun, B., Wang, L., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z., Wu, H., Liu, X., Zhou, Y., Mossa-Basha, M., Tirschwell, D. L., Xu, J., Zhao, H., & Zhu, C. (2021). Association of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Glycemic Control With Intracranial Plaque Characteristics in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: JMRI, 54(2), 655–666. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.27614
Linawati, Y., Kristin, E., Prabandari, Y. S., & Kristina, S. A. (2022). Exploring the Experiences and Needs of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Protocol for a Qualitative Study. Jmir Research Protocols, 11(9), e37528. https://doi.org/10.2196/37528
Liu, H., Feng, J., & Tang, L. (2022). Perubahan Struktural Ginjal Dini dan Biomarker Potensial pada Nefropati Diabetik. Fisiol Depan, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffphys.2022.1020443
Ma, Y., Liu, H.,Wang, Y., Xuan, J., Gao, X., Ding, H., Ma, C., Chen, Y., & Yang, Y. (2022). Roles of Physical Exercise-Induced MiR-126 in Cardiovascular Health of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 14(1), 169. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-022-00942-6
Mohankumar, J. B., Bhavani, S. V, & Sowmiya, S. (2021). A Cross-Sectional Study on the Physical Activity of Selected Elderly Diabetics. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2021.6.1.0037
Molsted, S., Jensen, T. M., Larsen, J. S., Olesen, L. B., Milling Eriksen, S. B., Rehling, T., Rasmussen, S., & Aadahl, M. (2022). Changes of Physical Function and Quality of Life in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After Exercise Training in a Municipality or a Hospital Setting. Journal of Diabetes Research, 17. 575189. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5751891
Mthembu, S. X. H., Mazibuko-Mbeje, S. E., Ziqubu, K., Nyawo, T. A., Obonye, N., Nyambuya, T. M., Nkambule, B. B., Silvestri, S., Tiano, L., Muller, C. J. F., & Dludla, P. V. (2022). Impact of Physical Exercise and Caloric Restriction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance and Mitochondrial Dysfunction As Ideal Therapeutic Targets. Life Sciences, 297, 120467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120467
Mudjanarko, S. W., Irawati, A., Tinduh, D., & Susanto, T. N. (2023). Effect of Moderate-Intensity Treadmill Exercise on Increased Adiponectin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Revista Brasileira De Medicina Do Esporte. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329022022_0144i
Mukhtar, Y., Galalain, A. M., & Yunusa, U. M. (2020). A Modern Overview on Diabetes Mellitus: A Chronic Endocrine Disorder. European Journal of Biology, 5(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.47672/ejb.409
Pfeifer, L. O., Nardi, A. T. De, da Silva, L. X. N., Botton, C. E., do Nascimento, D. M., Teodoro, J. L., Schaan, B. D., & Umpierre, D. (2022). Association between Physical Exercise Interventions Participation and Functional Capacity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials. Sports Medicine - Open, 8(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00422-1
Rompis, A. Y., Gorintha, A. W., & Nurmi, N. (2022). Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) as a Therapeutic Target in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Vascular Complications: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Research and Review, 9(1), 340-350. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220141
Rubinowicz -Zasada, M., Kucio, E., Polak, A., Stastny, P., Wierzbicki, K., Król, P., & Kucio, C. (2021). The Combined Effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Insulin Therapy on Glycated Hemoglobin Concentrations, Lipid Profiles and Hemodynamic Parameters in Patients With Type-2-Diabetes and Hemiplegia Related to Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073433
Soelistijo, S. A., Adiwinoto, R. D., Pranoto, A., & Ardiany, D. (2022). The Performance of Lipid Profiles and Ratios as a Predictor of Arterial Stiffness Measured by Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. F1000Research. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.128627
Wang, X., Yang, W., Zhu, Y., Zhang, S., Jiang, M., Ji, H., & Zhang, H. (2022). Genomic DNA Methylation in Diabetic Chronic Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13. 896511. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.896511
Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., Sheng, S., Xing, Y., Mou, Z., Zhang, Y., Shi, Z., Yu, Z., Gao, Q., Cai, W., & Qi, J. (2023). Relationship between Physical Exercise and Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Chain Mediating Roles of Sleep Quality and Depression. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 16, 817-828. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s4037
Published
2024-05-23
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