Kebijakan Muslim Ban dan Dampaknya bagi Minoritas Muslim pada Masa Pemerintahan Donald Trump Tahun 2017-2021

Authors

Septian Fandika Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri
Fitri Sari Setyorini Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri

DOI:

Abstract

The research aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the Muslim ban and its impacts on Muslim minority groups in the United States. Using a historical research methodology that includes heuristics, source verification, interpretation, and historiography, the study collects data through library research. Primary sources consist of archival materials and Donald Trump’s speeches accessed via the Internet Archive and YouTube; secondary sources include books, journals, articles, and undergraduate theses from library collections. Sources were evaluated for credibility, synthesized with relevant historical facts and theoretical perspectives to broaden understanding, and finally organized into a systematic presentation for readers. The study concludes that the Muslim ban was a highly contentious policy lacking principles of justice, and it exacerbated conflicts such as increased Islamophobia. Native-born American converts to Islam were also vulnerable to social, psychological, and political consequences. The policy should not be continued, as it risks generating ongoing and deepening problems. This paper additionally addresses impacts that have received less attention in prior research, including effects on mental health, family relationships and harmony, and reduced educational and employment opportunities.

Keyword: Muslim Ban, Public Policy, Religious Discrimination.

References

Adhila. (2019). Stigma negatif terhadap umat Islam muncul akibat kesombongan. Suara Islam.id. https://suaraislam.id/stigma-negatif-terhadap-umat-islam-muncul-akibat-kesombongan/

Agustina, K. R. A. (2019). Kebijakan Amerika Serikat mengenai penolakan pengungsi dari negara tertentu ditinjau dari prinsip non diskriminasi berdasarkan Konvensi Jenewa 1951 tentang status pengungsi [Skripsi, Universitas Atma Jaya].

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). (2018). The effects of the Muslim Ban one year later. https://www.aclu.org/news/immigrants-rights/effects-muslim-ban-one-year-later

Anindita, M. (2025). Pengaruh partai sayap kanan dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan Muslim Ban: Studi komparasi Amerika Serikat, Australia, India, dan Denmark periode 2017–2021. Padjajaran Journal of International Relations, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.24198/padjir.v7i1.58347

Anjani, A. D., Aulia, D. L. N., Wulandari, N., Berlianti, J. F., Rahniawati, D., Adawiyah, R., & Aulia, N. (2025). Hubungan Stres Pada Ibu Hamil dengan Risiko Kelahiran Prematur. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 5(2), 1732–1741. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v5i2.18138

Armin, R. A. (2022). Perkembangan Islam Di Amerika Dan Pengaruhnya Dalam Bidang Politik. MADDIKA: Journal of Islamic Family Law, 3(2), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.24256/maddika.v3i2.3699

Badu, M. N. (2015). Demokrasi dan Amerika Serikat. The Politics: Jurnal Magister Ilmu Politik Universitas Hasanuddin, 1(1). 9-22. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/102473-ID-demokrasi-dan-amerika-serikat.pdf

Bernstein, D. E. (2022). The modern American law of race. Cambridge University Press.

CNN. (2016, November). Trump again calls for ban on Muslim immigrants [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K0q16V14cVs

Fatah, M. R. A. (2023). Analisis faktor idiosinkratik Donald Trump terhadap penerapan kebijakan Muslim Ban (Executive Order 13769) dan pengaruhnya bagi warga imigran Negara Suriah [Skripsi, Universitas Islam Negeri].

Fauji, S. (2021). Malcolm X: Pengaruh dan konflik internal dalam gerakan Nation of Islam (NOI) di Amerika Serikat (1952–1965). Jurnal Aqlam, 6(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.30984/ajip.v6i1.1572

Gafni, H. (2026). Walls at the border, bridges online: Prosocial lending after the Trump Travel Ban. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 25, e00610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2026.e00610

Hakim, M. F. (2018). Kebijakan Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat Tentang Pembatasan Imigran Muslim Era Pemerintahan Donald Trump. Jurnal Review Politik, 8(1), 14–44. https://doi.org/10.15642/jrp.2018.8.1.14-44

Hidayati, N. (2008). Dampak kebijakan Amerika Serikat dalam perang melawan terorisme terhadap masyarakat Muslim [Tesis master, Universitas Gadjah Mada].

Hutabarat, M. F., Sulistyo, I., & Rakhmadi, R. (2024). Faktor-faktor istimewa Donald Trump dalam kebijakan Abraham Accords. Jurnal Terekam Jejak, 2(3), 1–29. https://journal.terekamjejak.com/index.php/jtj/article/view/55

Middle East Eye. (2020). Middle East Eye. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/muslim-americans-civil-rights-foreign-policy-survey

Mukaromah, Z., Muzani, & Zid, M. (2022). Kebijakan Pemerintah Amerika Serikat terhadap Migran (Muslim). Jurnal Mercatoria, 15(2), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.31289/mercatoria.v15i2.7362

Ovilia, E. S., Awal, S., & Yusran, Y. (2022). Kebijakan Muslim Ban Amerika Serikat terhadap problematika diskriminasi hak asasi manusia (periode 2017–2019). Balcony, 6(1), 61–69. Retrieved from https://jom.fisip.budiluhur.ac.id/balcony/article/view/274

Pamungkas, F. D. (2019). Respon berbagai negara korban kebijakan Muslim Travel Ban pada masa kepemimpinan Donald Trump [Skripsi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta].

Pew Research Center. (2017). Findings from Pew Research Center’s 2017 survey of U.S. Muslims. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2017/07/26/findings-from-pew-research-centers-2017-survey-of-us-muslims/

Pradipta, C. A. (2016). Pengaruh Islamophobia terhadap peningkatan kekerasan Muslim di Perancis. Global & Policy, 4(2).

Prayetno, B., Muhammad, A., Salam, I., & Antuli, R. R. (2024). Tren perkembangan Islam di Amerika Serikat. Ezra Science Bulletin, 1(2), 208–216. https://doi.org/10.58526/ezrasciencebulletin.v1i2.28

Putri, C. K. T. (2023). Analisis stigma buruk terhadap agama Islam akibat peristiwa 9/11. Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan, Seni, dan Sosial Humanioral, 1(2). http://journal.forikami.com/index.php/nusantara/article/download/205/122

Rachman, M. A. R. (2018). Analisis kebijakan Travel Ban oleh Donald Trump. Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.24198/cosmogov.v4i2.16811

Ramadhani, et al. (2025). Analisis Islamofobia terhadap integrasi Muslim di negara minoritas Islam. Millatuna: Jurnal Studi Islam, 2(1), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.33752/mjsi.v2i01.8225

Samari, G., Catalano, R., Alcalá, H. E., & Gemmill, A. (2020). The Muslim Ban and preterm birth: Analysis of U.S. vital statistics data from 2009 to 2018. Social science & medicine (1982), 265, 113544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113544

Samuels, E. (2021). Study shows how U.S. immigration policy can have domestic health effects. Brown University. https://www.brown.edu/news/2021-07-30/muslim-health

Sari, D. A. I., Hasan, M. N., & Purwanto, A. (2013). Diskriminasi perempuan Muslim dalam implementasi Civil Rights Act 1964 di Amerika Serikat. Artikel Ilmiah Hasil Penelitian Mahasiswa S1 FISIP UNEJ.

Sarjito, A. (2024). Perspektif kebijakan luar negeri terhadap larangan perjalanan Muslim. Himmah: Jurnal Kajian Islam Kontemporer, 8(1). https://journal.unas.ac.id/himmah/article/view/3674/1634

Shihab, A. (2004). Membedah Islam di Barat: Menepis tudingan, meluruskan kesalahpahaman. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Thomas, J. (2026). The unintended repelling consequences of migration policy change: Why a targeted travel ban mostly reduced visitors from non-targeted countries. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8496996/v1

Voice of America Indonesia. (2019). Kongres AS gelar rapat dengar pendapat tentang Muslim Ban. https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/kongres-as-gelar-rapat-dengar-pendapat-tentang-muslim-ban-/5121861.html

Wahidatunnisa, A. (2022). Kebijakan Travel Ban Amerika Serikat terhadap imigran Muslim tahun 2017–2021 [Skripsi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta].

Widyastuti, R. (2021). Dampak dan respon dari kebijakan Global War on Terrorism bagi komunitas Muslim di Amerika Serikat. Jurnal Kajian Wilayah.

Wildan, M. (2022). Muslim minoritas kontemporer sejarah Islam, tantangan ekstremisme, diskriminasi, dan Islamofobia. (Penerbit belum dicantumkan secara lengkap, disesuaikan format standar).

Yusanto, F., & Gunawan, H. E. (2018). Diskriminasi Muslim dalam film Bulan Terbelah di Langit Amerika 2015. Prolistik: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 3(2).

Zulian, I. (2019). Analisis pengaruh Islamophobia terhadap kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat di pemerintahan Donald Trump. Jurnal PIR, 3(2). http://e-journal.potensi-utama.ac.id/ojs/index.php/PIR/article/view/596/818

Zulian, I. (2025). Respon komunitas Muslim Amerika Serikat terhadap ideologi Manifest Destiny pada era George W. Bush dan Donald Trump [Disertasi doktoral, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta].