Kolaborasi antar Aktor Komunikasi Organisasi dalam Upaya Pengembangan Tradisi Menjadi Event Festival melalui Negosiasi Integratif dengan Pendekatan Coordinated Management of Meaning
Abstract
Indonesia kaya dengan berbagai macam event festival, itu sebab nya festival selalu menarik untuk dikaji karena fungsinya. Salah satunya adalah membangun komunikasi organisasi dalam mengupayakan pelestarian tradisi budaya dan kearifan lokal disuatu daerah. Oleh karenanya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses kolaborasi antaraktor penyelenggara event festival Bau Nyale yang dilakukan Dinas Pariwisata Dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperkaya kajian komunikasi organisasi dalam konteks menjalin hubungan antara organisasi publik pemerintahan dengan stakeholder nya selaku pihak eksternal. Terdapat perjalanan yang cukup panjang dalam upaya pengembangan tradisi menjadi event festival, untuk itu penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM) dalam melihat nilai-nilai baru yang ada pada event festival, serta untuk menemukan titik pertemuan penting antara pihak pemerintah dan kelompok adat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan konstruktivis dengan metode penelitian etnografi deskriptif kualitatif. Data-data kualitatif yang dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya kolaborasi antaraktor yang terlibat dalam event festival Bau Nyale. Kunci dari kolaborasi yang dilakukan adalah mensukseskan jalannya negosiasi diantara kedua pihak. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa komunikasi organisasi dalam penyelenggaraan event festival Bau Nyale dipengaruhi oleh pendekatan CMM melalui negosiasi integratif (menang-menang) dengan pemahaman antaraktor mengenai Bau Nyale, nilai yang terkandung dalam Bau Nyale, dan juga aspek budaya yang muncul dari Bau Nyale.
Kata Kunci: Kolaborasi Antaraktor, Komunikasi Organisasi, CMM, Negosiasi Integratif
References
Adams, C., Berquist, C., Dillon, R., and Galanes, G. (2004). CMM and Public Dialogue: Practical Theory in A Community-Wide Communication Project. Human Systems: The Journal of Systemic Consultation and Management. 15(2). 115-126. https://cmminstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Human-Systems-2004-Chen.pdf
Barge, J. (1985). Efsective Leadership Andforms Oo Conversation: A$Eld Descrip-Tive Study. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Kansas, Lawrence
Barge, K. J. (2004). Articulating CMM as A Practical Theory. Human Systems: The Journal of Systemic Consultation and Management.15. 13-32. https://b-m-institute.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Barge_2004.pdf
Coates, K. (2016). The Coordinated Management of Meaning Theory in a Volunteer Program An Internship for Rising Star Outreach of India. Master of Arts in Professional Communication
Corbett, J. B. (2006). Communicating Nature How We Create and Understand Environmental Messages. Island Publisher. Washington DC
Cox, R. (2010). Environmental Communication and The Public Sphere. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Deetz, S. (2009). Politically Attentive Relational Constructionism (Parc) And Making a Difference in A Pluralistic, Interdependent World. In D. Carbaugh and P. Buzzanell (Eds), Reflections on The De Distinctive Qualities of Communication Research in The Social Sciences. Nova Iorque: Taylor Francis.
Driskill, G., and Downs, C. (1995). Hidden Differences in Competent Communication: A Case Study of An Organization with Euro-Americans and First-Generation Immigrants from India. Paper presented to the International Communication Association, Miami, FL
Eisenberg, E. M., Goodal A. L., and Trethewey, A. (2009). Organizational Communication: Balancing, Creativity and Constraint. 4a. Ed. St Martin’s Press. New York
Eisenhauer, B., Nicholson, B. (2007). Do You See What I See? Diverse Persepective in Environmental Communication. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment, 5(3), 161-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[161:DYSWIS]2.0.CO;2
Evangelista, R. L., & Ruão, T. A. (2011). Organizational Communication and Sustainability: Studying European Public Campaigns. Observatorio (OBS*), 5(3). 265-288 https://doi.org/10.15847/obsOBS532011478
Fink, E. J. and Gantz, W. (1996) A Content Analysis of Three Mass Communication Research Traditions: Social Science, Interpretive Studies, and Critical Analysis. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 73(1): 114–134. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ532129
Goldhaber, G. M. (1990). Organizational Communication. Wm. C. Brown. Dubuque, IA
Gray, B. (1989). Collaborating: Finding Common Ground for Multiparty Problems. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco
Griffin, E. (2016). A First Look at Communication Theory (Sixth ed.). United States of America: McGraw-Hill. New York
Harris, L. and Cronen, V. (1979). A Rules-Based Model for the Analysis and Evaluation of Organizational Communication. Communication Quarterly, 27, 12-28. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0741088387004001001
Hedman, E. and Gesch-Karamanlidis, E. (2015). Facilitating Conversations That Matter Using Coordinated Management of Meaning Theory. OD Practitioner, 47(2), 41-46. Retrieved from. https://b-m-institute.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Hedman_CMM.pdf
Huesca, R. (2008). Tracing the history of participatory communication approaches to development: A critical appraisal. In J. Servaes (Ed). Communication for development and social change (pp. 180–200). SAGE. New Delhi
Hynes, G. (2015). Interpersonal Communication in the Diverse Workplace. Business Expert Press. New York
Jablin, F. and Putnam, L. (2001). The New Handbook of Organizational Communication: Advances in Theory, Research, and Methods. Sage Press, California
Komsary, K. C. (July 14, 2017). Empat Pilar Pembangunan Kepariwisataan Indonesia. Retrieved from https://tourism.binus.ac.id/2017/04/20/4-pilar-pembangunan-kepariwisataan-indonesia/
Kriyantono, R. (2012). Public Relations and Crisis Management Pendekatan Critical Public Relation, Etnografi Kritis and Kualitatif. Kencana Media Group. Jakarta
Kriyantono, R. (2017). Teori-Teori Public Relations Perspektif Barat dan Lokal: Aplikasi Penelitian dan Praktik. PT Fajar Inter pratama Mandiri. Jakarta
Kriyantono, R. (2019). Counteracting Radicalism with Cultural Communication in Religious Practice. Advancessin Social Sciences Research Journal, 6(11), 83-92https. https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ASSRJ/article/view/7341
Kriyantono, R. (2020). Teknik Praktis Riset Komunikasi Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif. Disertai Contoh Praktis Skripsi, Tesis, dan Disertasi Riset Media, Public Relations, Advertising, Komunikasi Organisasi, Komunikasi Pemasaran. (Edisi Kedua). Prenada Media Group. Jakarta
Kriyantono, R. (2021). Best Practice Humas (Public Relations) Bisnis dan Pemerintah. Edisi Pertama. Kencana Media Group. Jakarta
Kriyantono, R., dan Sa’diyah, H. (2018). Kearifan Lokal dan Strategi Komunikasi Public Relations di BUMN dan Perusahaan Swasta. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 15(2), 171–188. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/267373-none-ee3e55b6.pdf
Laird, P. (1983). Coordinated Management of Meaning: An Empirical Investagation of Communication and Productive Action in Two Organizations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas, Lawrence
Lewis, L. (2007), Collaborative Interaction: Review of Communication Scholarship and Research Agenda. In Communication Yearbook, 30, 197-247, Sage Publications. Thousand Oaks, Ca
Limani, B. and Limani, E. (2022). Let Us Talk: Incorporating The Coordinated Management of Meaning’s Communication Perspective as Part of Public Diplomacy Efforts Between Government, The Private Sector, and The Foreign Public. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. Jerman
Lindolf, T. R. and Taylor, B. C. (2002). Qualitative Communication Research Methods. Sage Publications.
Littlejohn, S. W (2009). Coordinated Management of Meaning. In S. Littlejohn and K. Foss (Eds), Encyclopedia of Communication theory (pp 200-203) Sage. Thousand Oaks, CA
McPhee., Robert, D., and Tompkins, P. K. (1985). Organizational Communication: Traditional Themes and New Directions. Sage Publications, Beverly Hills
Moleong, L. (2004). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Remaja Rosdakarya. Bandung
Narula, U. and Pearce, W.B. (1986). Development as communication: A perspective in India. Southern Illinois University Press. Carbondale
Neher, W. W. (1997). Organizational Communication-Challenges of Change, Diversity, and Continuity. Allyn and Bacon. Boston
Neuman, W. L. (2007). Basic of Social Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (2nd Edition). Pearson Education.
Neuman, W. L. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Sosial: Pendekatan Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Edisi 7. Terjemah oleh Edlina T. Sofia. PT Indeks. Jakarta
O’Brien, C. (1978). A Rules-Based Approach to Communication Within a Formal Organization: Theory And Study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Pace, R. W. and Faules, D. F. (2005). Komunikasi Organisasi: Strategi Meningkatkan Kinerja Perusahaan. Remaja Rosdakarya. Bandung
Pearce, W. (2005). The Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM). In W.B Gudykunst (Ed). Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp 35-54). SAGE. Thousand Oaks, CA
Pearce, W. B. and Pearce, K. A. (2000). Extending the Theory of the Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM) Through a Community Dialogue Process. International Communication Association.
Putnam, L. and Wilson, C. E. (2016). Communicative Strategies in Organizational Conflicts: Reliability and Validity of a Measurement Scale. International Communication Association, 6:1, 629-652. Routledge, Taylor, and Francis Group.
Redding, W. C. and Tompkins, P. K. (1988). Organizational Communication-Past and Present Tenses. In G. M.
Rogers, E. M. and Rogers, R. A. (1976). Communication in Organizations. Free Press. New York
Schitman, D. F. (2003). Generative Instrument of CMM. Human Systems: The Journal of Systemic Consultation and Management. Special Edition: W. B. Pearce by J. Kearney (Guest Eds.), “CMM: Extensions and Applications”, in press.
Scroferneker, C. M. A. (2006). Trajetórias Teórico-Conceituais Da Comunicação Organizacional. Revista Famecos, Porto Alegre, V. 13, N. 31, P. 47–53, Dez. 2006. Disponível em:. Acesso Em: 17 Abr.
Varey, R. J. (2000). A Critical Review of Conceptions of Communication Evident in Contemporary Business and Management Literature. In Journal of Communication Management, 4(4) 328-340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb023530
Wert-Gray, S., Center, C., Brashers, D. E., and Meyers, R. A. (2009). Research topics and methodological orientations in organizational communication: A decade in review. Communication Studies, 42, 141– 154.
West, R., and Turner, L. H. (2010.) Pengantar Teori Komunikasi: Analisis dan Aplikasi. Salemba Humanika. Jakarta
West, R., and Turner, T. (2014). Pengantar Teori Komunikasi: Analisis dan Aplikasi, Terjemah oleh Brian Marswendy. Salemba Humanika. Jakarta
Williams, S. (1989). A Description of The Rules for The Performance Appraisal Interview Utilizing the Coordinated Management of Meaning Theory. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA.
Yanow, D and Ybema, S. (2009). The Sage Handbook of Organizational Research Methods: Interpretivism in Organizational Research: On Elephants and Blind Researchers. Research gate.
Yuwita, N., dan Suryadi, S. (2015). Studi Konstruksi Makna Hubungan Antar umat Beragama dengan Pendekatan Model (Coordinated Management of Meaning-CMM). Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Brawijaya. Malang
Barge, J. (1985). Efsective Leadership Andforms Oo Conversation: A$Eld Descrip-Tive Study. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Kansas, Lawrence
Barge, K. J. (2004). Articulating CMM as A Practical Theory. Human Systems: The Journal of Systemic Consultation and Management.15. 13-32. https://b-m-institute.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Barge_2004.pdf
Coates, K. (2016). The Coordinated Management of Meaning Theory in a Volunteer Program An Internship for Rising Star Outreach of India. Master of Arts in Professional Communication
Corbett, J. B. (2006). Communicating Nature How We Create and Understand Environmental Messages. Island Publisher. Washington DC
Cox, R. (2010). Environmental Communication and The Public Sphere. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Deetz, S. (2009). Politically Attentive Relational Constructionism (Parc) And Making a Difference in A Pluralistic, Interdependent World. In D. Carbaugh and P. Buzzanell (Eds), Reflections on The De Distinctive Qualities of Communication Research in The Social Sciences. Nova Iorque: Taylor Francis.
Driskill, G., and Downs, C. (1995). Hidden Differences in Competent Communication: A Case Study of An Organization with Euro-Americans and First-Generation Immigrants from India. Paper presented to the International Communication Association, Miami, FL
Eisenberg, E. M., Goodal A. L., and Trethewey, A. (2009). Organizational Communication: Balancing, Creativity and Constraint. 4a. Ed. St Martin’s Press. New York
Eisenhauer, B., Nicholson, B. (2007). Do You See What I See? Diverse Persepective in Environmental Communication. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment, 5(3), 161-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[161:DYSWIS]2.0.CO;2
Evangelista, R. L., & Ruão, T. A. (2011). Organizational Communication and Sustainability: Studying European Public Campaigns. Observatorio (OBS*), 5(3). 265-288 https://doi.org/10.15847/obsOBS532011478
Fink, E. J. and Gantz, W. (1996) A Content Analysis of Three Mass Communication Research Traditions: Social Science, Interpretive Studies, and Critical Analysis. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 73(1): 114–134. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ532129
Goldhaber, G. M. (1990). Organizational Communication. Wm. C. Brown. Dubuque, IA
Gray, B. (1989). Collaborating: Finding Common Ground for Multiparty Problems. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco
Griffin, E. (2016). A First Look at Communication Theory (Sixth ed.). United States of America: McGraw-Hill. New York
Harris, L. and Cronen, V. (1979). A Rules-Based Model for the Analysis and Evaluation of Organizational Communication. Communication Quarterly, 27, 12-28. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0741088387004001001
Hedman, E. and Gesch-Karamanlidis, E. (2015). Facilitating Conversations That Matter Using Coordinated Management of Meaning Theory. OD Practitioner, 47(2), 41-46. Retrieved from. https://b-m-institute.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Hedman_CMM.pdf
Huesca, R. (2008). Tracing the history of participatory communication approaches to development: A critical appraisal. In J. Servaes (Ed). Communication for development and social change (pp. 180–200). SAGE. New Delhi
Hynes, G. (2015). Interpersonal Communication in the Diverse Workplace. Business Expert Press. New York
Jablin, F. and Putnam, L. (2001). The New Handbook of Organizational Communication: Advances in Theory, Research, and Methods. Sage Press, California
Komsary, K. C. (July 14, 2017). Empat Pilar Pembangunan Kepariwisataan Indonesia. Retrieved from https://tourism.binus.ac.id/2017/04/20/4-pilar-pembangunan-kepariwisataan-indonesia/
Kriyantono, R. (2012). Public Relations and Crisis Management Pendekatan Critical Public Relation, Etnografi Kritis and Kualitatif. Kencana Media Group. Jakarta
Kriyantono, R. (2017). Teori-Teori Public Relations Perspektif Barat dan Lokal: Aplikasi Penelitian dan Praktik. PT Fajar Inter pratama Mandiri. Jakarta
Kriyantono, R. (2019). Counteracting Radicalism with Cultural Communication in Religious Practice. Advancessin Social Sciences Research Journal, 6(11), 83-92https. https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ASSRJ/article/view/7341
Kriyantono, R. (2020). Teknik Praktis Riset Komunikasi Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif. Disertai Contoh Praktis Skripsi, Tesis, dan Disertasi Riset Media, Public Relations, Advertising, Komunikasi Organisasi, Komunikasi Pemasaran. (Edisi Kedua). Prenada Media Group. Jakarta
Kriyantono, R. (2021). Best Practice Humas (Public Relations) Bisnis dan Pemerintah. Edisi Pertama. Kencana Media Group. Jakarta
Kriyantono, R., dan Sa’diyah, H. (2018). Kearifan Lokal dan Strategi Komunikasi Public Relations di BUMN dan Perusahaan Swasta. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 15(2), 171–188. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/267373-none-ee3e55b6.pdf
Laird, P. (1983). Coordinated Management of Meaning: An Empirical Investagation of Communication and Productive Action in Two Organizations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas, Lawrence
Lewis, L. (2007), Collaborative Interaction: Review of Communication Scholarship and Research Agenda. In Communication Yearbook, 30, 197-247, Sage Publications. Thousand Oaks, Ca
Limani, B. and Limani, E. (2022). Let Us Talk: Incorporating The Coordinated Management of Meaning’s Communication Perspective as Part of Public Diplomacy Efforts Between Government, The Private Sector, and The Foreign Public. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. Jerman
Lindolf, T. R. and Taylor, B. C. (2002). Qualitative Communication Research Methods. Sage Publications.
Littlejohn, S. W (2009). Coordinated Management of Meaning. In S. Littlejohn and K. Foss (Eds), Encyclopedia of Communication theory (pp 200-203) Sage. Thousand Oaks, CA
McPhee., Robert, D., and Tompkins, P. K. (1985). Organizational Communication: Traditional Themes and New Directions. Sage Publications, Beverly Hills
Moleong, L. (2004). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Remaja Rosdakarya. Bandung
Narula, U. and Pearce, W.B. (1986). Development as communication: A perspective in India. Southern Illinois University Press. Carbondale
Neher, W. W. (1997). Organizational Communication-Challenges of Change, Diversity, and Continuity. Allyn and Bacon. Boston
Neuman, W. L. (2007). Basic of Social Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (2nd Edition). Pearson Education.
Neuman, W. L. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Sosial: Pendekatan Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Edisi 7. Terjemah oleh Edlina T. Sofia. PT Indeks. Jakarta
O’Brien, C. (1978). A Rules-Based Approach to Communication Within a Formal Organization: Theory And Study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Pace, R. W. and Faules, D. F. (2005). Komunikasi Organisasi: Strategi Meningkatkan Kinerja Perusahaan. Remaja Rosdakarya. Bandung
Pearce, W. (2005). The Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM). In W.B Gudykunst (Ed). Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp 35-54). SAGE. Thousand Oaks, CA
Pearce, W. B. and Pearce, K. A. (2000). Extending the Theory of the Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM) Through a Community Dialogue Process. International Communication Association.
Putnam, L. and Wilson, C. E. (2016). Communicative Strategies in Organizational Conflicts: Reliability and Validity of a Measurement Scale. International Communication Association, 6:1, 629-652. Routledge, Taylor, and Francis Group.
Redding, W. C. and Tompkins, P. K. (1988). Organizational Communication-Past and Present Tenses. In G. M.
Rogers, E. M. and Rogers, R. A. (1976). Communication in Organizations. Free Press. New York
Schitman, D. F. (2003). Generative Instrument of CMM. Human Systems: The Journal of Systemic Consultation and Management. Special Edition: W. B. Pearce by J. Kearney (Guest Eds.), “CMM: Extensions and Applications”, in press.
Scroferneker, C. M. A. (2006). Trajetórias Teórico-Conceituais Da Comunicação Organizacional. Revista Famecos, Porto Alegre, V. 13, N. 31, P. 47–53, Dez. 2006. Disponível em:
Varey, R. J. (2000). A Critical Review of Conceptions of Communication Evident in Contemporary Business and Management Literature. In Journal of Communication Management, 4(4) 328-340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb023530
Wert-Gray, S., Center, C., Brashers, D. E., and Meyers, R. A. (2009). Research topics and methodological orientations in organizational communication: A decade in review. Communication Studies, 42, 141– 154.
West, R., and Turner, L. H. (2010.) Pengantar Teori Komunikasi: Analisis dan Aplikasi. Salemba Humanika. Jakarta
West, R., and Turner, T. (2014). Pengantar Teori Komunikasi: Analisis dan Aplikasi, Terjemah oleh Brian Marswendy. Salemba Humanika. Jakarta
Williams, S. (1989). A Description of The Rules for The Performance Appraisal Interview Utilizing the Coordinated Management of Meaning Theory. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA.
Yanow, D and Ybema, S. (2009). The Sage Handbook of Organizational Research Methods: Interpretivism in Organizational Research: On Elephants and Blind Researchers. Research gate.
Yuwita, N., dan Suryadi, S. (2015). Studi Konstruksi Makna Hubungan Antar umat Beragama dengan Pendekatan Model (Coordinated Management of Meaning-CMM). Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Brawijaya. Malang
Published
2024-02-11
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 Ningraty Natasya Picasso, Rachmat Kriyantono
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
