Exploring Speaking Anxiety Levels and Coping Strategies Among English Department Student
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the extent of speaking anxiety and the coping strategies employed by English Department students. As a result, the purpose of this research is to provide an in-depth understanding of the form of speaking anxiety among university students and to understand how they cope with the problem. It is anticipated that the findings would give educational institutions important information on how to create interventions and supporting programs that can assist students in overcoming speech anxiety and enhancing their academic performance and learning environment. This study has examined the relationship between speaking anxiety levels and coping strategies used by English majors. Based on the results of the research conducted, several main conclusions can be drawn.
Keywords: Anxiety, Learning, Public Speaking
References
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Alnahidh, F., & Altalhab, S. (2020). The Level and Sources of Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety among Saudi EFL University Students. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 11(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.11n.1p.55
Association, A. P. (2019). No Title. https://www.apa.org/topics/anxiety
Azoulay, R., & Gilboa-Schechtman, E. (2022). The scarring impact of status loss in social anxiety: An evolutionary perspective. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 90(102600). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102600
Baek, I. C., Lee, E. H., & Kim, J. H. (2019). Differences in anxiety sensitivity factors between anxiety and depressive disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 36(10), 968–974. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22948
BB, H., & S, R. (2022). The Level of Anxiety Among Unemployed Persons Who Have Graduated in Master’s and Bachelor’s Degrees. SunText Review of Neuroscience & Psychology, 03(03). https://doi.org/10.51737/2766-4503.2022.055
Beccaria, A. (2019). Alcohol as a Coping Mechanism for Social Anxiety. Open Access Journal of Addiction and Psychology, 3(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.33552/oajap.2019.03.000554
Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, K. J. (1989). Assessing Coping Strategies: A Theoretically Based Approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267–283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.2.267
Chapman, L., Hutson, R., Dunn, A., Brown, M., Savill, E., & Cartwright-Hatton, S. (2022). The impact of treating parental anxiety on children’s mental health: An empty systematic review. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 88(June 2021), 102557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102557
Ciapponi, A. (2021). What are the effects of smoking cessation on anxiety and depression? Cochrane Clinical Answers. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/cca.3567
Danger, P., Situation, A., Danger, P., & Situations, A. (2004). Sociotropy-autonomy and situation-specific anxiety1. 1987, 67–76.
Downing, V. R., Cooper, K. M., Cala, J. M., Gin, L. E., & Brownell, S. E. (2020). Fear of negative evaluation and student anxiety in community college active-learning science courses. CBE Life Sciences Education, 19(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-09-0186
Fathikasari, N., Gozali, A., & Ratri, D. P. (2022). Public Speaking Anxiety of University Students in EFL Context. JETL (Journal of Education, Teaching and Learning), 7(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v7i1.2741
Feuerstein, M., Labbé, E. E., & Kuczmierczyk, A. R. (1986). Illness Behavior. Health Psychology, 279–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0562-8_9
Fidianingsih, I., Nurmasitoh, T., Arjana, A. Z., Devita, N., & Khoiriyah, U. (2019). Mild anxiety and depression related to elevated dopamine levels. Universa Medicina, 38(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2019.v38.48-55
Fitria, L., & Ifdil, I. (2020). Kecemasan remaja pada masa pandemi Covid -19. Jurnal EDUCATIO: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 6(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.29210/120202592
Hammad, E. A., & Abu Ghali, E. M. (2015). Speaking Anxiety Level of Gaza EFL Pre-service Teachers: Reasons and Sources. World Journal of English Language, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v5n3p52
He, D. (2017). How do you cope with foreign language speaking anxiety effectively? The case of University students in China. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 14(2), 159–174.
Horwitz, E., Horwitz, M., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety. The Modern Language. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125–132.
Knowles, K. A., & Olatunji, B. O. (2020). Specificity of trait anxiety in anxiety and depression: Meta-analysis of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Clinical Psychology Review, 82, 101928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101928
Kutlu, T. (2023). English Speaking Anxiety of Thai EFL Undergraduate Students: Dominant Type, Level, and Coping Strategies. Doctoral Dissertation, Mahasarakham University, 4(1), 88–100.
Macyntire, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Investigating Language Class Anxiety Using the Focused Essay Technique. The Modern Language Journal, 75(3), 296–304. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1991.tb05358.x
Maquidato, I. M. (2021). The Experience of English Speaking Anxiety and Coping Strategies: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study. International Journal of TESOL & Education, 1(2), 45–64.
Martiningsih, I., Susilawati, E., & Rezeki, Y. S. (2024). Students’ Strategies to Overcome Public Speaking Anxiety. Inspiring: English Education Journal, 7(1), 66–86. https://doi.org/10.35905/inspiring.v7i1.8766
Maryam, S. (2017). Strategi Coping: Teori Dan Sumberdayanya. JURKAM: Jurnal Konseling Andi Matappa, 1(2), 101. https://doi.org/10.31100/jurkam.v1i2.12
Melouah, A. (2013). Foreign Language Anxiety in EFL Speaking Classrooms: A Case Study of First-year LMD Students of English at Foreign Language Anxiety in EFL Speaking Classrooms. Arab World English Journal العريب العامل يف ية الانلكزي للغة ا جمةل , 1(1), 64–76. www.awej.org
Mukhid. (2021). Metodologi Penelitian Bisni Dengan Pendekatan Kuantitatif. In Syria Studies (Vol. 7, Issue 1). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269107473_What_is_governance/link/548173090cf22525dcb61443/download%0Ahttp://www.econ.upf.edu/~reynal/Civil wars_12December2010.pdf%0Ahttps://think-asia.org/handle/11540/8282%0Ahttps://www.jstor.org/stable/41857625
Nadhiva, R. K., Sofyanti, E., Wulandari, P., & Halim, K. (2022). DATA ON ANXIETY LEVEL OF DENTAL HOSPITAL UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FIXED ORTHODONTICS PATIENTS IN NEW NORMAL. 3(1), 8–14.
Nurahman, R. K., Hidayat, I. N., & Rosyid, A. (2023). Students’ Strategies In Coping With Anxiety In Speaking English. Paradigma, 20(1), 96–113. https://doi.org/10.33558/paradigma.v20i1.5936
Öztürk, G., Gurbuz, N., & Gürbüz, N. (2014). Speaking anxiety among Turkish EFL learners: The case at a state university JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES Speaking anxiety among Turkish EFL learners: The case at a state university 1. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 10(1), 1–17. www.jlls.org
Peng, R. X. (2022). How online searches fuel health anxiety: Investigating the link between health-related searches, health anxiety, and future intention. Computers in Human Behavior, 136, 107384. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107384
Pollard, A. (1982). A Model of Classroom Coping Strategies. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 3(1), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142569820030102
Purnomo, P., & Suciati, S. (2021). Effect Self Help Group On Coping Mechanism Focused Problem Coping In Adolescents SMK Negeri Kediri. Jurnal Penelitian Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nahdlatul Ulama Tuban, 2(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47710/jp.v2i2.62
Rachmawati, D. I., & Jurianto, J. (2020). Investigating English Department Students' Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety: A Case Study in Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. Social Sciences, Humanities and Education Journal (SHE Journal), 1(2), 22. https://doi.org/10.25273/she.v1i2.6624
Rajitha, K., & Alamelu, C. (2020). A study of factors affecting and causing speaking anxiety. Procedia Computer Science, 172(2019), 1053–1058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.05.154
Rao, P, S. (2019). The importance of speaking skills in English classrooms. Alford Council of International English & Literature Journal, 2(2), 6–18. www.acielj.com
Saviola, F., Pappaianni, E., Monti, A., Grecucci, A., Jovicich, J., & De Pisapia, N. (2020). Trait and state anxiety are mapped differently in the human brain. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68008-z
Setiawan, S. (2018). HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEPERCAYAAN DIRI DENGAN KECEMASAN DALAM MENGHADAPI DUNIA KERJA. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and Review, 1(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23887/ijerr.v1i3.16362
Shukla, A. (2020). COPING MECHANISM DURING COVID-19. Towards Excellence, 178–183. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37867/te120218
Silaj, K. M., Schwartz, S. T., Siegel, A. L. M., & Castel, A. D. (2021). Test Anxiety and Metacognitive Performance in the Classroom. Educational Psychology Review, 33(4), 1809–1834. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09598-6
Stephenson, E., & DeLongis, A. (2020). Much of current theory and research on coping stems from a transactional model. 2.
Stuart-Edwards, A. (2023). Good begets good? Reciprocal relationships between mindfulness, approach coping, and subjective vitality. Personality and Individual Differences, 202, 111970. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111970
Sugiyati, K., & Indriani, L. (2021). Exploring the Level and Primary Causes of Public Speaking Anxiety Among English Department Students. Journal of Research on Language Education, 2(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.33365/jorle.v2i1.906
Sugiyono. (2013). Pengumpulan Data Dan Instrumen Penelitian. 1, 1–9.
Suryaatmaja, D. J. C., & Wulandari, I. S. M. (2020). Hubungan Tingkat Kecemasan Terhadap Sikap Remaja Akibat Pandemik Covid-19. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 2(4), 820–829. https://doi.org/10.33024/manuju.v2i4.3131
SUWANDI, Gheralyn Regina; MALINTI, E. (2020). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Terhadap Covid-19 Pada Remaja Di SMA Advent Balikpapan. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 2655–4712, 677–685. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v2i4.2991
Taylor, S., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020). Life in a post-pandemic world: What to expect of anxiety-related conditions and their treatment. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 72(May), 102231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102231
Tee, X. T., Kamarulzaman, W., & Tan Joanna, T. A. (2020). A Systematic Review of Self-Coping Strategies Used by University Students to Cope with Public Speaking Anxiety. English Language Teaching, 13(10), 57. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n10p57
Ulme, G., Boobani, B., Grants, J., & Bernans, E. (2022). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RECREATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND STATE AND TRAIT. 13(1), 64–77. https://doi.org/10.2478/ljss-2018-0057
Vieira, J. L., Malivoire, B. L., Koerner, N., & Sumantry, D. (2023). An examination of worry and self-distancing as coping strategies for anxiety-provoking experiences in individuals high in worry. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2023.2270417
Waugh, C. E., Shing, E. Z., & Furr, R. M. (2020). Not all disengagement coping strategies are created equal: positive distraction, but not avoidance, can be an adaptive coping strategy for chronic life stressors. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 33(5), 511–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2020.1755820
Wechsler, B. (1995). Wechsler_AABS1995.pdf (pp. 124–134).
Williams, K., & Lisi, A. M. G. De. (1999). Coping strategies in adolescents. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 20(4), 537–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-3973(99)00025-8
Alnahidh, F., & Altalhab, S. (2020). The Level and Sources of Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety among Saudi EFL University Students. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 11(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.11n.1p.55
Association, A. P. (2019). No Title. https://www.apa.org/topics/anxiety
Azoulay, R., & Gilboa-Schechtman, E. (2022). The scarring impact of status loss in social anxiety: An evolutionary perspective. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 90(102600). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102600
Baek, I. C., Lee, E. H., & Kim, J. H. (2019). Differences in anxiety sensitivity factors between anxiety and depressive disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 36(10), 968–974. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22948
BB, H., & S, R. (2022). The Level of Anxiety Among Unemployed Persons Who Have Graduated in Master’s and Bachelor’s Degrees. SunText Review of Neuroscience & Psychology, 03(03). https://doi.org/10.51737/2766-4503.2022.055
Beccaria, A. (2019). Alcohol as a Coping Mechanism for Social Anxiety. Open Access Journal of Addiction and Psychology, 3(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.33552/oajap.2019.03.000554
Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, K. J. (1989). Assessing Coping Strategies: A Theoretically Based Approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267–283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.2.267
Chapman, L., Hutson, R., Dunn, A., Brown, M., Savill, E., & Cartwright-Hatton, S. (2022). The impact of treating parental anxiety on children’s mental health: An empty systematic review. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 88(June 2021), 102557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102557
Ciapponi, A. (2021). What are the effects of smoking cessation on anxiety and depression? Cochrane Clinical Answers. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/cca.3567
Danger, P., Situation, A., Danger, P., & Situations, A. (2004). Sociotropy-autonomy and situation-specific anxiety1. 1987, 67–76.
Downing, V. R., Cooper, K. M., Cala, J. M., Gin, L. E., & Brownell, S. E. (2020). Fear of negative evaluation and student anxiety in community college active-learning science courses. CBE Life Sciences Education, 19(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-09-0186
Fathikasari, N., Gozali, A., & Ratri, D. P. (2022). Public Speaking Anxiety of University Students in EFL Context. JETL (Journal of Education, Teaching and Learning), 7(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v7i1.2741
Feuerstein, M., Labbé, E. E., & Kuczmierczyk, A. R. (1986). Illness Behavior. Health Psychology, 279–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0562-8_9
Fidianingsih, I., Nurmasitoh, T., Arjana, A. Z., Devita, N., & Khoiriyah, U. (2019). Mild anxiety and depression related to elevated dopamine levels. Universa Medicina, 38(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2019.v38.48-55
Fitria, L., & Ifdil, I. (2020). Kecemasan remaja pada masa pandemi Covid -19. Jurnal EDUCATIO: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 6(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.29210/120202592
Hammad, E. A., & Abu Ghali, E. M. (2015). Speaking Anxiety Level of Gaza EFL Pre-service Teachers: Reasons and Sources. World Journal of English Language, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v5n3p52
He, D. (2017). How do you cope with foreign language speaking anxiety effectively? The case of University students in China. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 14(2), 159–174.
Horwitz, E., Horwitz, M., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety. The Modern Language. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125–132.
Knowles, K. A., & Olatunji, B. O. (2020). Specificity of trait anxiety in anxiety and depression: Meta-analysis of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Clinical Psychology Review, 82, 101928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101928
Kutlu, T. (2023). English Speaking Anxiety of Thai EFL Undergraduate Students: Dominant Type, Level, and Coping Strategies. Doctoral Dissertation, Mahasarakham University, 4(1), 88–100.
Macyntire, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Investigating Language Class Anxiety Using the Focused Essay Technique. The Modern Language Journal, 75(3), 296–304. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1991.tb05358.x
Maquidato, I. M. (2021). The Experience of English Speaking Anxiety and Coping Strategies: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study. International Journal of TESOL & Education, 1(2), 45–64.
Martiningsih, I., Susilawati, E., & Rezeki, Y. S. (2024). Students’ Strategies to Overcome Public Speaking Anxiety. Inspiring: English Education Journal, 7(1), 66–86. https://doi.org/10.35905/inspiring.v7i1.8766
Maryam, S. (2017). Strategi Coping: Teori Dan Sumberdayanya. JURKAM: Jurnal Konseling Andi Matappa, 1(2), 101. https://doi.org/10.31100/jurkam.v1i2.12
Melouah, A. (2013). Foreign Language Anxiety in EFL Speaking Classrooms: A Case Study of First-year LMD Students of English at Foreign Language Anxiety in EFL Speaking Classrooms. Arab World English Journal العريب العامل يف ية الانلكزي للغة ا جمةل , 1(1), 64–76. www.awej.org
Mukhid. (2021). Metodologi Penelitian Bisni Dengan Pendekatan Kuantitatif. In Syria Studies (Vol. 7, Issue 1). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269107473_What_is_governance/link/548173090cf22525dcb61443/download%0Ahttp://www.econ.upf.edu/~reynal/Civil wars_12December2010.pdf%0Ahttps://think-asia.org/handle/11540/8282%0Ahttps://www.jstor.org/stable/41857625
Nadhiva, R. K., Sofyanti, E., Wulandari, P., & Halim, K. (2022). DATA ON ANXIETY LEVEL OF DENTAL HOSPITAL UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FIXED ORTHODONTICS PATIENTS IN NEW NORMAL. 3(1), 8–14.
Nurahman, R. K., Hidayat, I. N., & Rosyid, A. (2023). Students’ Strategies In Coping With Anxiety In Speaking English. Paradigma, 20(1), 96–113. https://doi.org/10.33558/paradigma.v20i1.5936
Öztürk, G., Gurbuz, N., & Gürbüz, N. (2014). Speaking anxiety among Turkish EFL learners: The case at a state university JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES Speaking anxiety among Turkish EFL learners: The case at a state university 1. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 10(1), 1–17. www.jlls.org
Peng, R. X. (2022). How online searches fuel health anxiety: Investigating the link between health-related searches, health anxiety, and future intention. Computers in Human Behavior, 136, 107384. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107384
Pollard, A. (1982). A Model of Classroom Coping Strategies. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 3(1), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142569820030102
Purnomo, P., & Suciati, S. (2021). Effect Self Help Group On Coping Mechanism Focused Problem Coping In Adolescents SMK Negeri Kediri. Jurnal Penelitian Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nahdlatul Ulama Tuban, 2(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47710/jp.v2i2.62
Rachmawati, D. I., & Jurianto, J. (2020). Investigating English Department Students' Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety: A Case Study in Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. Social Sciences, Humanities and Education Journal (SHE Journal), 1(2), 22. https://doi.org/10.25273/she.v1i2.6624
Rajitha, K., & Alamelu, C. (2020). A study of factors affecting and causing speaking anxiety. Procedia Computer Science, 172(2019), 1053–1058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.05.154
Rao, P, S. (2019). The importance of speaking skills in English classrooms. Alford Council of International English & Literature Journal, 2(2), 6–18. www.acielj.com
Saviola, F., Pappaianni, E., Monti, A., Grecucci, A., Jovicich, J., & De Pisapia, N. (2020). Trait and state anxiety are mapped differently in the human brain. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68008-z
Setiawan, S. (2018). HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEPERCAYAAN DIRI DENGAN KECEMASAN DALAM MENGHADAPI DUNIA KERJA. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and Review, 1(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23887/ijerr.v1i3.16362
Shukla, A. (2020). COPING MECHANISM DURING COVID-19. Towards Excellence, 178–183. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37867/te120218
Silaj, K. M., Schwartz, S. T., Siegel, A. L. M., & Castel, A. D. (2021). Test Anxiety and Metacognitive Performance in the Classroom. Educational Psychology Review, 33(4), 1809–1834. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09598-6
Stephenson, E., & DeLongis, A. (2020). Much of current theory and research on coping stems from a transactional model. 2.
Stuart-Edwards, A. (2023). Good begets good? Reciprocal relationships between mindfulness, approach coping, and subjective vitality. Personality and Individual Differences, 202, 111970. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111970
Sugiyati, K., & Indriani, L. (2021). Exploring the Level and Primary Causes of Public Speaking Anxiety Among English Department Students. Journal of Research on Language Education, 2(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.33365/jorle.v2i1.906
Sugiyono. (2013). Pengumpulan Data Dan Instrumen Penelitian. 1, 1–9.
Suryaatmaja, D. J. C., & Wulandari, I. S. M. (2020). Hubungan Tingkat Kecemasan Terhadap Sikap Remaja Akibat Pandemik Covid-19. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 2(4), 820–829. https://doi.org/10.33024/manuju.v2i4.3131
SUWANDI, Gheralyn Regina; MALINTI, E. (2020). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Terhadap Covid-19 Pada Remaja Di SMA Advent Balikpapan. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 2655–4712, 677–685. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v2i4.2991
Taylor, S., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020). Life in a post-pandemic world: What to expect of anxiety-related conditions and their treatment. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 72(May), 102231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102231
Tee, X. T., Kamarulzaman, W., & Tan Joanna, T. A. (2020). A Systematic Review of Self-Coping Strategies Used by University Students to Cope with Public Speaking Anxiety. English Language Teaching, 13(10), 57. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n10p57
Ulme, G., Boobani, B., Grants, J., & Bernans, E. (2022). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RECREATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND STATE AND TRAIT. 13(1), 64–77. https://doi.org/10.2478/ljss-2018-0057
Vieira, J. L., Malivoire, B. L., Koerner, N., & Sumantry, D. (2023). An examination of worry and self-distancing as coping strategies for anxiety-provoking experiences in individuals high in worry. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2023.2270417
Waugh, C. E., Shing, E. Z., & Furr, R. M. (2020). Not all disengagement coping strategies are created equal: positive distraction, but not avoidance, can be an adaptive coping strategy for chronic life stressors. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 33(5), 511–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2020.1755820
Wechsler, B. (1995). Wechsler_AABS1995.pdf (pp. 124–134).
Williams, K., & Lisi, A. M. G. De. (1999). Coping strategies in adolescents. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 20(4), 537–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-3973(99)00025-8
Published
2024-08-08
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