Emotional Geographies of an EFL Teacher Agency in Transforming Bangka Manuscripts into Interactive Multimodal Materials for Rural Learners
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31539/44bmp239Abstract
This study investigateed the emotional geographies of an EFL teacher’s agency in developing and teaching BookCreator-based reading materials derived from philological and historical interpretations of Bangka manuscripts. Employing narrative inquiry, the study examined the teacher’s stories, reflections, and classroom experiences through Hargreaves’ dimensions of emotional geography, including moral, sociocultural, professional, physical, and political dimensions. The findings revealed that the teacher’s agency was shaped by emotional ambivalence. Pride in preserving Bangka heritage was accompanied by anxiety about simplifying manuscript knowledge, designing interactive digital materials, and engaging learners with low motivation to study English and limited aspirations for higher education. BookCreator emerged not merely as a technological platform but as a mediating pedagogical space where local history, English literacy, multimodal design, and teacher emotion intersected. This study suggested that culturally sustaining digital EFL pedagogy in peripheral contexts depends not only on technological innovation but also on teachers’ emotional negotiations with curriculum demands, local knowledge, institutional expectations, and student realities, contributing to international debates on teacher agency and equitable digital learning.
Keywords: Digital materials development, Emotional geography, Interactive book, Local culture, Narrative inquiry
References
Ayu, M. (2020). Evaluation cultural content on English textbook used by EFL students in Indonesia. Journal of English Teaching, 6(3), 183–192. https://doi.org/10.33541/jet.v6i3.1925
Bi, J., Izadpanah, S., Mohammadi, Z., & Rezaei, Y. M. (2024). Investigating the impact of technology-based education on academic motivation, academic perseverance, and academic self-efficacy in English language learning skills. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 20523–20545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12712-0
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. SAGE.
Brown, S., Hao, L., & Zhang, R. (2022). “The dinosaurs are so loud; they can’t sleep. Zzzz”: Supporting emergent bilingual children’s reading comprehension through digital literacies. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy. https://doi.org/10.1177/14687984221118982
Clandinin, D. J. (2013). Engaging in narrative inquiry. Left Coast Press.
Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. Jossey-Bass.
Connelly, F. M., & Clandinin, D. J. (1990). Stories of experience and narrative inquiry. Educational Researcher, 19(5), 2–14. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X019005002
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE.
Dong, H., Li, W., & Ye, D. (2022). The influence of English as a foreign language teachers’ positive mood and hope on their academic buoyancy: A theoretical review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 801435. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.801435
Fitriyah, I. (2021). Understanding EFL students’ reading motivation and online reading practice in relation to their reading achievement in a full online learning context. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 595, 350–356. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211119.054
Gao, Y., Qin, L., & Gu, Q. (2022). Unpacking language teacher beliefs, agency, and resilience in the complex, unprecedented time: A mixed-method study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 958003. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.958003
Han, I. (2025). Development of self-directed learning readiness of English language learners through mobile-assisted problem-based learning. International Journal of Educational Research, 133, 102729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2025.102729
Hargreaves, A. (2001). Emotional geographies of teaching. Teachers College Record, 103(6), 1056–1080. https://doi.org/10.1111/0161-4681.00142
Hargreaves, A. (2005). Educational change takes ages: Life, career and generational factors in teachers’ emotional responses to educational change. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21(8), 967–983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2005.06.007
Heng, L., & Yeh, H.-C. (2022). Interweaving local cultural knowledge with global competencies in one higher education course: An internationalisation perspective. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 35(2), 151–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2021.1958832
Indrayadi, T. (2021). Indonesian EFL learners’ reading motivation. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 5(2), 335–346. https://doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v5i2.745
Kaban, A. L., & Karadeniz, Ş. (2021). Children’s reading comprehension and motivation on screen versus on paper. SAGE Open, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020988849
Karaarslan, A., & Polat, E. (2025). The effects of digital reading on third grade EFL students’ motivation, attitude, reading comprehension, and vocabulary acquisition. Computer Assisted Language Learning. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2025.2599147
Kim, J.-H. (2016). Understanding narrative inquiry: The crafting and analysis of stories as research. SAGE.
Ladson-Billings, G. (2021). Three decades of culturally relevant, responsive, and sustaining pedagogy: What lies ahead? The Educational Forum, 85(4), 351–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131725.2021.1957632
Li, H., Gan, Z., Leung, S. O., & An, Z. (2022). The impact of reading strategy instruction on reading comprehension, strategy use, motivation, and self-efficacy in Chinese university EFL students. SAGE Open, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221086659
Lim, J., Whitehead, G. E. K., & Choi, Y. (2021). Interactive e-book reading versus paper-based reading: Comparing the effects of different mediums on middle school students’ reading comprehension. System, 97, 102434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102434
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE.
Liu, S., Reynolds, B., Thomas, N., & Soyoof, A. (2024). The use of digital technologies to develop young children’s language and literacy skills: A systematic review. SAGE Open, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241230850
López-Escribano, C., Valverde-Montesino, S., & García-Ortega, V. (2021). The impact of e-book reading on young children’s emergent literacy skills: An analytical review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12), 6510. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126510
Lu, H. (2024). “I will resume my research work when things settle down”: A narrative inquiry of an EFL academic’s emotions and identities in research experiences. System, 123, 103331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2024.103331
MacIntyre, P. D., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2020). Language teachers’ coping strategies during the COVID-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions. System, 94, 102352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102352
Miqawati, A. H., Wijayanti, F., & Purnamasari, A. I. (2024). Integrating local culture in English language teaching: Enhancing authentic materials and cultural awareness. Journal of English in Academic and Professional Communication, 10(2), 100–106. https://doi.org/10.25047/jeapco.v10i2.5096
Moorhouse, B. L., & Kohnke, L. (2021). Responses of the English-language-teaching community to the COVID-19 pandemic. RELC Journal, 52(3), 359–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882211053052
Murphy, A., & Arciuli, J. (2024). Digital reading comprehension instruction in English for children with English as an additional language: A systematic review. Journal of Research in Reading, 47(3), 348–394. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.12448
Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847
O’Brien, B., Seward, R., & Zhang, D. (2022). Multisensory interactive digital text for English phonics instruction with bilingual beginning readers. Education Sciences, 12(11), 750. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12110750
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (4th ed.). SAGE.
Rianto, A. (2021). Examining gender differences in reading strategies, reading skills, and English proficiency of EFL university students. Cogent Education, 8(1), 1993531. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.1993531
Riessman, C. K. (2008). Narrative methods for the human sciences. SAGE.
Rochanaphapayon, T. (2023). Digital literacy: Enhancing English reading comprehension among foreign language students. English Language Teaching, 17(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v17n1p26
Sangaji, C. M., Ashar, I. K., & Syah, I. K. (2023). Local culture-based literacy instruction and its impact on students’ critical reading skills in Eastern Indonesia. Jurnal Tahuri, 20(1), 21–39. https://doi.org/10.30598/tahurivol20issue1page21-39
Sangaji, C. M., Ashar, I. K., & Syah, I. K. (2023). Local culture-based literacy instruction and its impact on students’ critical reading skills in Eastern Indonesia. Jurnal Tahuri, 20(1), 21–39. https://doi.org/10.30598/tahurivol20issue1page21-39
Sun, Y. (2021). The effect of teacher caring behavior and teacher praise on students’ engagement in EFL classrooms. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 746871. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.746871
Tracy, S. J. (2010). Qualitative quality: Eight “big-tent” criteria for excellent qualitative research. Qualitative Inquiry, 16(10), 837–851. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800410383121
Ulla, M. B., & Perales, W. F. (2021). Emergency remote teaching during COVID-19: The role of teachers’ online community of practice. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2021(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.5334/jime.617
Vorobel, O., Voorhees, T. T., & Gokcora, D. (2021). Language learners’ digital literacies: Focus on students’ information literacy and reading practices online. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 37(4), 1127–1140. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12550
Wang, Y., Derakhshan, A., & Zhang, L. J. (2021). Researching and practicing positive psychology in second/foreign language learning and teaching: The past, current status and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 731721. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.731721
Xia, Z., Lyu, S., Chen, C.-H., & Liu, B. (2024). An interpretable English reading proficiency detection model in an online learning environment: A study based on eye movement. Learning and Individual Differences, 109, 102407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102407
Xie, F., & Derakhshan, A. (2021). A conceptual review of positive teacher interpersonal communication behaviors in the instructional context. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 708490. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708490
Xu, L., Liu, X., & Xiao, Y. (2024). Language teachers’ emotions in online classrooms: Relations among teachers’ appraisals of classroom events, emotional responses, and instructional practices. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 9, 72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-024-00301-0
Xue, L. (2021). Challenges and resilience-building: A narrative inquiry study on a mid-career Chinese EFL teacher. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 758925. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.758925
Zhang, J. (2023). EFL teachers’ digital literacy: The role of contextual factors in their literacy development. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1153339. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1153339
Zhang, M. (2021). EFL/ESL teacher’s resilience, academic buoyancy, care, and their impact on students’ engagement: A theoretical review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 731859. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.731859
Zhao, H. (2021). Positive emotion regulations among English as a foreign language teachers during COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 807541. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.807541
Zhao, S., & Li, M. (2021). Reflection on loving pedagogy and students’ engagement in EFL/ESL classrooms. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 757697. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.757697
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Hilda Rakerda, Resti Amalia, Nostalgianti Citra Prystiananta

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

