Organisasi Sekolah di Masa Pandemi
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to find a picture of how the condition of the school organization during the pandemic, from the scope of individuals, social groups, relationships between organizations, relationships between institutions, and policies. The subjects of this study are literature, literature sources that discuss pandemics, conditions, individual attitudes in school organizations, relationships with social groups, communities, institutions and policies. The results of this study explain that in order for schools to continue to achieve educational goals with good quality, the integration of functions between school principals, teachers, and all school resources, groups of educators and education staff organizations, between organizations, institutions in society, and policies must work. in harmony. Conclusion,
Keywords: Pandemic, School, Organization, Ecology, Social.
References
Adisel. (2019). Manajemen Sistem Informasi Pembelajaran. Alignment: Journal of Administration and Educational Management, 2(2), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.125084
Aliyyah, R. R., Widyasari, Mulyadi, D., Ulfah, S. W., & Rahmah, S. (2019). Guru Berprestasi Sumber Daya Manusia Pengembang Mutu Pendidikan Indonesia. Alignment: Journal of Administration and Educational Management, 2(2), 157–165.
Archbold, P. (2019). How to Write a Literature Review Paper? Athlone Institute of Technology, Vol. 36, pp. 278–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2015.1065456
Arifa, F. N. (2020). Tantangan Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Belajar Dari Rumah Dalam Masa Darurat Covid-19. Info Singkat;Kajian Singkat Terhadap Isu Aktual Dan Strategis, XII(7/I), 6. Retrieved from http://berkas.dpr.go.id/puslit/files/info_singkat/Info Singkat-XII-7-I-P3DI-April-2020-1953.pdf
Beckert, J. (2013). Capitalism as a System of Expectations: Toward a Sociological Microfoundation of Political Economy. Politics and Society, 41(3), 323–350. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329213493750
Beckert, J. (2018). The future in Economic Action: a Reply to The Reviewers. Distinktion: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL THEORY, 19(3), 344–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/1600910X.2018.1527707
Carmichael, T., & Hadzikadic, M. (2019). The Fundamentals of Complex Adaptive Systems. In Princeton University Press (pp. 431–436). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20309-2
Dharmawan, A. H. (2007). Sistem Penghidupan dan Nafkah Pedesaan: Pandangan Sosiologi Nafkah (Livelihood Sociology) Mazhab Barat dan Mazhab Bogor. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 1(2), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.22500/sodality.v1i2.5932
Dooley, K. (1997). A Complex Adaptive Systems Model of Organization Change. Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 1(1), 69–97. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022375910940
Fung, I. C. H., Gambhir, M., Glasser, J. W., Gao, H., Washington, M. L., Uzicanin, A., & Meltzer, M. I. (2015). Modeling the effect of school closures in a pandemic scenario: Exploring two different contact matrices. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 60(Suppl 1), S58–S63. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ086
Hafsaridewi, R., Khairuddin, B., Ninef, J., Rahadiati, A., & Adimu, H. E. (2018). Pendekatan Sistem Sosial–Ekologi Dalam Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir Secara Terpadu Sosial– Ecological System ( SES ) Approach In Integrated Coastal Management. Buletin Ilmiah “MARINA†Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 4(2), 61–74.
Hamidi, Nuzuwar, & Nurmal, I. (2019). Peran Kepala Sekolah Sebagai Administrator dan Supervisor. Alignment: Journal of Administration and Educational Management, 2(1), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315853178
ILO. (2009). Panduan : Perencanaan Keberlangsungan Usaha dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Influenza.
Jens Beckert. (2010). Institutional Isomorphism Revisited: Convergence and Divergence in Institutional Change. Sociological Theory, , 28(2), 150–166. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25746221.pdf
Kemenkes RI. (2020). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 9 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pedoman Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar Dalam Rangka Percepatan Penanganan Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19).
Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 28. Retrieved from http://hukor.kemkes.go.id/uploads/produk_hukum
/PMK_No__9_Th_2020_ttg_Pedoman_Pembatasan_Sosial_Berskala_Besar_Dalam_Penanganan_COVID-19.pdf
Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, R. I. Surat Edaran Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pendidikan Dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). , (2020).
Kementerian Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. Surat Edaran Nomor 15 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Belajar Dari Rumah Dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Covid-19. , (2020).
Komisioner KPAI Bongkar Permasalahan Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh. (2020). Retrieved June 14, 2020, from https://mediaindonesia.com/read/detail/309647-komisioner-kpai-bongkar-permasalahan-pembelajaran-jarak-jauh
Lisbet. (2020). Penyebaran covid-19 dan Respons Internasional. Info Singkat, XII(5), 7–12.
Lofgren, E. T., Rogers, J., Senese, M., & Fefferman, N. H. (2008). Pandemic Preparedness Strategies for School Systems: Is Closure Really the Only Way? Annales Zoologici Fennici, 45(5), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.5735/086.045.0508
Lukman, P. R. (2020). Dampak Covid terhadap Kesehatan Mental Nakes : Retrieved from https://www.persi.or.id/images/2020/data/materi_drpetrin.pdf
McElroy, M. W. (2000). Integrating complexity theory, knowledge management and organizational learning. Journal of Knowledge Management, 4(3), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270010377652
Mubarok, M. H. (2017). Kompleksitas Model Bisnis Adaptif Berbasis Teknologi Digital Dan Jaringan Bisnis. MALIA, 1, 57–70.
Pezzarossi, A., Ballotari, P., Declich, S., Dente, M., Flavia, R., Karki, T., … Rossi, P. (2015). Literature review to define a framework to monitor infectious diseases in migrants in Europe. European Journal of Public Health, 25(suppl_3). https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckv176.165
Pranita, E. (2020). Diumumkan Awal Maret, Ahli: Virus Corona Masuk Indonesia dari Januari. Retrieved June 11, 2020, from Kompas.com website: https://www.kompas.com/sains/read/2020/05/11/130600623/diumumkan-awal-maret-ahli--virus-corona-masuk-indonesia-dari-januari
Pujilestari, Y. (2020). Dampak Positif Pembelajaran Online Dalam Sistem Pendidikan Indonesia Pasca Pandemi Covid-19. Adalah, 4(1), 49–56. Retrieved from http://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/adalah/article/view/15394/7199
Purwanto, A., Pramono, R., Asbari, M., Santoso, P. B., Wijayanti, L. M., Choi, C. H., & Putri, R. S. (2020). Studi Eksploratif Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 Terhadap Proses Pembelajaran Online di Sekolah Dasar. EduPsyCouns: Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 1–12. Retrieved from https://ummaspul.e-journal.id/Edupsycouns/article/view/397
Puspasari, R. (2020). Pemerintah Waspada Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Ekonomi Indonesia. Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia, pp. 17–21. Retrieved from https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/apbnkita/
Ricardi S. Adnan. (2019). Bencana, Kelembagaan, dan Masyarakat. Talenta Conference Series: Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA), 2(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.32734/lwsa.v2i1.621
Sakban, Nurmal, I., & Ridwan, R. bin. (2019). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Alignment: Journal of Administration and Educational Management, 2(1), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315853178
SE Gubernur DIY Tentang Pengaturan Ulang Aktivitas Pendidikan Dalam Masa Tanggap Darurat Covid19. , (2020).
Surjadi, C. (2012). Penerapan Pendekatan Sosial dan Ekologi Pada Upaya Promosi Kesehatan. Jumal Ekologi Kesehatan, 11(3), 178–187.
Suryahadi, A., Al Izzati, R., & Suryadarma, D. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Poverty: An Estimation for Indonesia.
Suryanti, E. W. (2003). Pengembangan Budaya Organisasi di Sekolah. Jurnal Ilmiah, 19(1), 1–12.
Suryawati, S. H., Soetarto, E., Adrianto, L., & Purnomo, H. (2011). Kerentanan Sosial-Ekologi Masyarakat Di Laguna Segara Anakan. JPSL, 1(2), 62–72.
Taufik, & Ayuningtyas, E. A. (2020). Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 Terhadap Bisnis dan Eksistensi Platform Online (The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Business and Online Platform Existance) Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Bisnis dan (The Impavt of Covid-19 Pandemic on Business and Online. Jurnal Pengembangan Wiraswasta, 22(1), 21–13. https://doi.org/10.33370/jpw.v22i1389
Tim Kerja Kementerian Dalam Negeri. (2020). Pedoman Umum Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19 Bagi Pemerintah Daerah : Pencegahan, Pengendalian, Diagnosis dan Manajemen. In Kementeran Dalam Negeri. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Tribun Mataram. (2020). Grafik Kasus Pasien Virus Corona Masih Naik Turun, Ahli Sebut Ada Penuluran Saat Lebaran Kemarin. Retrieved June 11, 2020, from Tribun Mataram website: https://mataram.tribunnews.com/2020/06/09/grafik-kasus-pasien-virus-corona-masih-naik-turun-ahli-sebut-ada-penuluran-saat-lebaran-kemarin
Turner, J. R., Baker, R., & Morris, M. (2018). Complex Adaptive Systems: Adapting and Managing Teams and Team Conflict. In Organizational Conflict: Vol. i (pp. 65–93). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57353
Viner, R. M., Russell, S. J., Croker, H., Packer, J., Ward, J., Stansfield, C., … Booy, R. (2020). School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 4(5), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30095-X
World Bank Group Education. (2020). What Can Brazil Learn From the Rest of the (Vol. 131, pp. 2–5). Vol. 131, pp. 2–5.
Yuneti, A., Hamdan, & Prananosa, A. G. (2019). Kepemimpinan Partisipatif Dan Komunikasi Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Guru. Alignment: Journal of Administration and Educational Management, 2(2), 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Aliyyah, R. R., Widyasari, Mulyadi, D., Ulfah, S. W., & Rahmah, S. (2019). Guru Berprestasi Sumber Daya Manusia Pengembang Mutu Pendidikan Indonesia. Alignment: Journal of Administration and Educational Management, 2(2), 157–165.
Archbold, P. (2019). How to Write a Literature Review Paper? Athlone Institute of Technology, Vol. 36, pp. 278–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2015.1065456
Arifa, F. N. (2020). Tantangan Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Belajar Dari Rumah Dalam Masa Darurat Covid-19. Info Singkat;Kajian Singkat Terhadap Isu Aktual Dan Strategis, XII(7/I), 6. Retrieved from http://berkas.dpr.go.id/puslit/files/info_singkat/Info Singkat-XII-7-I-P3DI-April-2020-1953.pdf
Beckert, J. (2013). Capitalism as a System of Expectations: Toward a Sociological Microfoundation of Political Economy. Politics and Society, 41(3), 323–350. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329213493750
Beckert, J. (2018). The future in Economic Action: a Reply to The Reviewers. Distinktion: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL THEORY, 19(3), 344–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/1600910X.2018.1527707
Carmichael, T., & Hadzikadic, M. (2019). The Fundamentals of Complex Adaptive Systems. In Princeton University Press (pp. 431–436). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20309-2
Dharmawan, A. H. (2007). Sistem Penghidupan dan Nafkah Pedesaan: Pandangan Sosiologi Nafkah (Livelihood Sociology) Mazhab Barat dan Mazhab Bogor. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 1(2), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.22500/sodality.v1i2.5932
Dooley, K. (1997). A Complex Adaptive Systems Model of Organization Change. Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 1(1), 69–97. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022375910940
Fung, I. C. H., Gambhir, M., Glasser, J. W., Gao, H., Washington, M. L., Uzicanin, A., & Meltzer, M. I. (2015). Modeling the effect of school closures in a pandemic scenario: Exploring two different contact matrices. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 60(Suppl 1), S58–S63. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ086
Hafsaridewi, R., Khairuddin, B., Ninef, J., Rahadiati, A., & Adimu, H. E. (2018). Pendekatan Sistem Sosial–Ekologi Dalam Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir Secara Terpadu Sosial– Ecological System ( SES ) Approach In Integrated Coastal Management. Buletin Ilmiah “MARINA†Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 4(2), 61–74.
Hamidi, Nuzuwar, & Nurmal, I. (2019). Peran Kepala Sekolah Sebagai Administrator dan Supervisor. Alignment: Journal of Administration and Educational Management, 2(1), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315853178
ILO. (2009). Panduan : Perencanaan Keberlangsungan Usaha dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Influenza.
Jens Beckert. (2010). Institutional Isomorphism Revisited: Convergence and Divergence in Institutional Change. Sociological Theory, , 28(2), 150–166. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25746221.pdf
Kemenkes RI. (2020). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 9 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pedoman Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar Dalam Rangka Percepatan Penanganan Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19).
Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 28. Retrieved from http://hukor.kemkes.go.id/uploads/produk_hukum
/PMK_No__9_Th_2020_ttg_Pedoman_Pembatasan_Sosial_Berskala_Besar_Dalam_Penanganan_COVID-19.pdf
Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, R. I. Surat Edaran Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pendidikan Dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). , (2020).
Kementerian Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. Surat Edaran Nomor 15 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Belajar Dari Rumah Dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Covid-19. , (2020).
Komisioner KPAI Bongkar Permasalahan Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh. (2020). Retrieved June 14, 2020, from https://mediaindonesia.com/read/detail/309647-komisioner-kpai-bongkar-permasalahan-pembelajaran-jarak-jauh
Lisbet. (2020). Penyebaran covid-19 dan Respons Internasional. Info Singkat, XII(5), 7–12.
Lofgren, E. T., Rogers, J., Senese, M., & Fefferman, N. H. (2008). Pandemic Preparedness Strategies for School Systems: Is Closure Really the Only Way? Annales Zoologici Fennici, 45(5), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.5735/086.045.0508
Lukman, P. R. (2020). Dampak Covid terhadap Kesehatan Mental Nakes : Retrieved from https://www.persi.or.id/images/2020/data/materi_drpetrin.pdf
McElroy, M. W. (2000). Integrating complexity theory, knowledge management and organizational learning. Journal of Knowledge Management, 4(3), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270010377652
Mubarok, M. H. (2017). Kompleksitas Model Bisnis Adaptif Berbasis Teknologi Digital Dan Jaringan Bisnis. MALIA, 1, 57–70.
Pezzarossi, A., Ballotari, P., Declich, S., Dente, M., Flavia, R., Karki, T., … Rossi, P. (2015). Literature review to define a framework to monitor infectious diseases in migrants in Europe. European Journal of Public Health, 25(suppl_3). https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckv176.165
Pranita, E. (2020). Diumumkan Awal Maret, Ahli: Virus Corona Masuk Indonesia dari Januari. Retrieved June 11, 2020, from Kompas.com website: https://www.kompas.com/sains/read/2020/05/11/130600623/diumumkan-awal-maret-ahli--virus-corona-masuk-indonesia-dari-januari
Pujilestari, Y. (2020). Dampak Positif Pembelajaran Online Dalam Sistem Pendidikan Indonesia Pasca Pandemi Covid-19. Adalah, 4(1), 49–56. Retrieved from http://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/adalah/article/view/15394/7199
Purwanto, A., Pramono, R., Asbari, M., Santoso, P. B., Wijayanti, L. M., Choi, C. H., & Putri, R. S. (2020). Studi Eksploratif Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 Terhadap Proses Pembelajaran Online di Sekolah Dasar. EduPsyCouns: Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 1–12. Retrieved from https://ummaspul.e-journal.id/Edupsycouns/article/view/397
Puspasari, R. (2020). Pemerintah Waspada Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Ekonomi Indonesia. Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia, pp. 17–21. Retrieved from https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/apbnkita/
Ricardi S. Adnan. (2019). Bencana, Kelembagaan, dan Masyarakat. Talenta Conference Series: Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA), 2(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.32734/lwsa.v2i1.621
Sakban, Nurmal, I., & Ridwan, R. bin. (2019). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Alignment: Journal of Administration and Educational Management, 2(1), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315853178
SE Gubernur DIY Tentang Pengaturan Ulang Aktivitas Pendidikan Dalam Masa Tanggap Darurat Covid19. , (2020).
Surjadi, C. (2012). Penerapan Pendekatan Sosial dan Ekologi Pada Upaya Promosi Kesehatan. Jumal Ekologi Kesehatan, 11(3), 178–187.
Suryahadi, A., Al Izzati, R., & Suryadarma, D. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Poverty: An Estimation for Indonesia.
Suryanti, E. W. (2003). Pengembangan Budaya Organisasi di Sekolah. Jurnal Ilmiah, 19(1), 1–12.
Suryawati, S. H., Soetarto, E., Adrianto, L., & Purnomo, H. (2011). Kerentanan Sosial-Ekologi Masyarakat Di Laguna Segara Anakan. JPSL, 1(2), 62–72.
Taufik, & Ayuningtyas, E. A. (2020). Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 Terhadap Bisnis dan Eksistensi Platform Online (The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Business and Online Platform Existance) Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Bisnis dan (The Impavt of Covid-19 Pandemic on Business and Online. Jurnal Pengembangan Wiraswasta, 22(1), 21–13. https://doi.org/10.33370/jpw.v22i1389
Tim Kerja Kementerian Dalam Negeri. (2020). Pedoman Umum Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19 Bagi Pemerintah Daerah : Pencegahan, Pengendalian, Diagnosis dan Manajemen. In Kementeran Dalam Negeri. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Tribun Mataram. (2020). Grafik Kasus Pasien Virus Corona Masih Naik Turun, Ahli Sebut Ada Penuluran Saat Lebaran Kemarin. Retrieved June 11, 2020, from Tribun Mataram website: https://mataram.tribunnews.com/2020/06/09/grafik-kasus-pasien-virus-corona-masih-naik-turun-ahli-sebut-ada-penuluran-saat-lebaran-kemarin
Turner, J. R., Baker, R., & Morris, M. (2018). Complex Adaptive Systems: Adapting and Managing Teams and Team Conflict. In Organizational Conflict: Vol. i (pp. 65–93). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57353
Viner, R. M., Russell, S. J., Croker, H., Packer, J., Ward, J., Stansfield, C., … Booy, R. (2020). School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 4(5), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30095-X
World Bank Group Education. (2020). What Can Brazil Learn From the Rest of the (Vol. 131, pp. 2–5). Vol. 131, pp. 2–5.
Yuneti, A., Hamdan, & Prananosa, A. G. (2019). Kepemimpinan Partisipatif Dan Komunikasi Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Guru. Alignment: Journal of Administration and Educational Management, 2(2), 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Published
2020-12-22
Section
Articles
