Studi tentang Kepemimpinan Spritual dan Organizational Citizenship Behavior : Peran Otonomi sebagai Intervening
Abstract
This study aims to examine the relationship between spiritual leadership, autonomy, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB). OCB is divided into two types, including altruism, organizational citizenship behaviors toward an individual (i.e., behaviors that are directly helpful to a specific individual and indirectly contribute to the organization) and conscientiousness, organizational citizenship behaviors toward an organization or a team (i.e., behaviors that directly contribute to the organization). A quantitative survey was performed on a sample of public services (N = 282) from Lubuklinggau City to study the influence of spiritual leadership on OCB, especially altruism and conscientiousness. The data analyzed by using PLS (Partial Least Square) program results indicate that spiritual leadership strongly predicted autonomy mediated spiritual leadership's effect on both altruism and conscientiousness.
Keywords: spiritual leadership, autonomy altruism and conscientiousness
References
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Cavanagh, G. F. (1999). Spirituality for managers: Context and critique. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12: 186–199.
Cavanagh, G.F. and Bandsuch, M.R. (2002). Virtue as a benchmark for spirituality in business. Journal of business ethics, 38 (1/2): 109–117.
Chen, C.Y. & Yang, C. Y. (2012). The Impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: A multi-sample analysis. J. Bus Ethics, 105: 107–114.
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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R.M. (2000). The ‘‘what’’ and ‘‘why’’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11 (4): 227–268.
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Duchon, D., & Plowman D.A. (2005). Nurturing the spirit at work: Impact on work unit performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 16: 807–833.
English, L.M., Fenwick, T.J., and Parsons, J. (2005). Interrogating our practices of integrating spirituality into workplace education. Australian journal of adult learning, 45 (1): 7–28.
Fairholm, G.W. (1998). Perspective on leadership: From the science of management to its spiritual heart. Westport, CT. Praeger.
Fairholm, G.W. (2001). Mastering inner leadership. Westport, CT: Quorum.
Ferguson, J., & Miliman. J (2008). Creating effective core organizational values: A spiritual leadership approach. International Journal of Public Administration, 31 (4): 439-459.
Fernando, M., Beale, F., & Geroy, G. D. (2009). The spiritual dimension in leadership at Dilmah Tea. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(6):522–539.
Freshman, B. (1999). An exploratory analysis of deï¬nitions and applications of spirituality in the workplace. Journal of organizational change management, 12 (4): 318–329.
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Isaac, R.G., Zerbe, W.J., & Pitt, D.C. (2001). Leadership and motivation: The effective application of expectancy theory Journal of Managerial Issues; 13 (2): 212-226.
Kakabadse, K.N., Kouzmin, A., Kakabadse, A. (2002). Spirituality and leadership praxis. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17 (3): 165– 82.
Kamoche, K. (2000). Developing managers: The functional, the symbolic, the sacred and the profane. Organization Studies, 21: 747-774.
Konz, G.N.P. & Ryan, F.X. (1999). Maintaining an organizational spirituality: no easy task . Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12 (3): 200-210.
Lips-Wiersma, M. (2002). Analysing the career concerns of spiritually oriented people: Lessons from contemporary organizations. Career Development International, 7: 385-397.
Lips-Wiersma, M. (2004). Furthering management and spirituality education through the use of paradox. Journal of Management Education, 28: 119-133.
Lips-Wiersma, M., Dean, K.L., & Fornaciari, C.J. (2009). Theorizing the dark side of the workplace spirituality movement. Journal of management inquiry, 18 (4): 288–300.
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Milliman, J., Ferguson, J., Trickett, D., & Condemi, B. (1999). "Spirit and community at Southwest Airlines:". Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12 (3): 221–233.
Palmer, P.J. (1998). Evoking the spirit in public education. Educational Leadership, 56: 1-6.
Polley, D., Vora, J., & Subbanarasimha P. N. (2005). Paying the devil his due: Limits and liabilities of workplace spiritualiy. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 13 (1): 50-63.
Reave, L. (2005). Spiritual values and practices related to leadership effectiveness. The Leadership Quarterly, 16: 655–687.
Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2006). Self-regulation and the problem of human autonomy: Does psychology need choice, self-determination, and will?. Journal of Personality, 74 (6): 1557–1585.
Sanders III, J.E., Hopkins, W.E. & Geroy, G.D. (2005). A Causal assessment of the spirituality-leadership-commitment relationship. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 2 (1): 39-66.
Sharma, R.R. (2010). Preventing corruption through spiritual leadership in organisations. Organization and Management, 1: 135-151.
Saltzstein, A. L., Ting, Y., Saltzstein, G. H. (2001). Work-Family Balance and Job Satisfaction: The Impact of Family-Friendly Policies on Attitudes of Federal Government Employees. Public Administration Review, 61 (4): 452-467.
Tenenhaus, M., & Vinzi, E.V. (2005). PLS regression, PLS path modeling and generalized procrustean analysis: a combined approach for PLS regression, PLS path modeling and generalized multiblock analysis. Journal of Chemometrics, 19: 145–153.
Vinzi, V.E., Chin, W.W., Henseler, J., & Wang, H. (2010). Handbook of Partial Least Squares Concepts, Methods and Applications. Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York.
Wilson, C.L. (2008). A relational study of leadership spirituality and organizational performance in home health care agencies. A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Management in Organizational Leadership University of Phoenix.
Wheatley, M.J. (2002). Leadership in turbulent times is spiritual. Frontiers of Health Services Management, 18 (4): 19-28.
Yukl, G. (2010). Leadership in Organizations, seventh edition. Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Zhang, Y., & Chen, C.C. (2013). Developmental leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Mediating effects of self-determination, supervisor. The Leadership Quarterly: 1-10.
Ashforth, B.E. and Vaidyanath, D. (2002). Work organizations as secular religions. Journal of management inquiry, 11 (4): 359–370.
Bass, B.M., & Riggio, R.E. (2006). Transformational leadership 2nd ed. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers 10 Industrial Avenue Mahwah, New Jersey 07430.
Bono, J.E., & Judge, T.A. (2003). “Self-concordance at work: toward understanding the motivational effects of transformational leadersâ€, Academy of Management Journal, 46, (5): 554-571.
Cash, K.C., Gray, G.R. (2000). A framework for accommodating religion and spirituality in the workplace. Academy of Managemenl Executive, 14 (3): 124-134.
Cavanagh, G. F. (1999). Spirituality for managers: Context and critique. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12: 186–199.
Cavanagh, G.F. and Bandsuch, M.R. (2002). Virtue as a benchmark for spirituality in business. Journal of business ethics, 38 (1/2): 109–117.
Chen, C.Y. & Yang, C. Y. (2012). The Impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: A multi-sample analysis. J. Bus Ethics, 105: 107–114.
Chin, W. W. & Todd, P. A. (1995). On the Use, Usefulness, and Ease of Use of Structural Equation Modeling in MIS Research: A Note of Caution. MIS Quarterly, 19 (2): 237-246.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R.M. (2000). The ‘‘what’’ and ‘‘why’’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11 (4): 227–268.
Deci, E. L., Schwartz, A. J., Sheinman, L., & Ryan, R. M. (1981). An instrument to assess adults’ orientations toward control versus autonomy with children: Reflections on intrinsic motivation and perceived competence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73: 642-650.
Dehler, G. E., & Welsh, M.A. (1994). Spirituality and organizational transformation, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 9 (6): 17–26.
Driver, M. (2005). From empty speech to full speech? Reconceptualizing spirituality in organizations based on a psychoanalytically grounded understanding of the self. Human Relations, 58: 1091-1110.
Duchon, D., & Plowman D.A. (2005). Nurturing the spirit at work: Impact on work unit performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 16: 807–833.
English, L.M., Fenwick, T.J., and Parsons, J. (2005). Interrogating our practices of integrating spirituality into workplace education. Australian journal of adult learning, 45 (1): 7–28.
Fairholm, G.W. (1998). Perspective on leadership: From the science of management to its spiritual heart. Westport, CT. Praeger.
Fairholm, G.W. (2001). Mastering inner leadership. Westport, CT: Quorum.
Ferguson, J., & Miliman. J (2008). Creating effective core organizational values: A spiritual leadership approach. International Journal of Public Administration, 31 (4): 439-459.
Fernando, M., Beale, F., & Geroy, G. D. (2009). The spiritual dimension in leadership at Dilmah Tea. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(6):522–539.
Freshman, B. (1999). An exploratory analysis of deï¬nitions and applications of spirituality in the workplace. Journal of organizational change management, 12 (4): 318–329.
Fry, L.W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14: 693–727.
Fry, L.W., Vitucci, S., Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and establishing a baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16: 835–862.
Gagne, M., & Deci, E.L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation Journal of Organizational Behavior 26: 331–362.
Giacalone, R.A., & Jurkiewicz, C.L. (2003). Toward a science of workplace spirituality. In R.A. Giacalone, & C.L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance: 3–28. New York: M. E. Sharp.
Grolnick, W. S. & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Parent Styles Associated With Children's Self-Regulation and Competence in School. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(2): 143-154.
Hair, Jr. J.F., Aderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson Education Limited, United States of America.
Harter, J.K., Schmid, F.L., & Hayes, T.L. (2002). Business-Unit-Level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology , 87 (2): 268–279.
Hetland, H., Skogstad, A., Hetland, J. & Mikkelsen, A. (2010). “Leadership and learning climate in a worksettingâ€, European Psychologist, published online.
Hetland, H., Hetland, J., Andreassen, C.S., Palessen, S., & Notelaers, G. (2011). Leadership and fulfillment of the three basic psychological needs at work. Career Development Internasional, 16 (5): 507-523.
Humphrey, S.E., Nahrgang, J.D., & Morgeson, F.P. (2007). Integrating motivational, social and contextual work design features: A meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92 (5): 1332–1356.
Isaac, R.G., Zerbe, W.J., & Pitt, D.C. (2001). Leadership and motivation: The effective application of expectancy theory Journal of Managerial Issues; 13 (2): 212-226.
Kakabadse, K.N., Kouzmin, A., Kakabadse, A. (2002). Spirituality and leadership praxis. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17 (3): 165– 82.
Kamoche, K. (2000). Developing managers: The functional, the symbolic, the sacred and the profane. Organization Studies, 21: 747-774.
Konz, G.N.P. & Ryan, F.X. (1999). Maintaining an organizational spirituality: no easy task . Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12 (3): 200-210.
Lips-Wiersma, M. (2002). Analysing the career concerns of spiritually oriented people: Lessons from contemporary organizations. Career Development International, 7: 385-397.
Lips-Wiersma, M. (2004). Furthering management and spirituality education through the use of paradox. Journal of Management Education, 28: 119-133.
Lips-Wiersma, M., Dean, K.L., & Fornaciari, C.J. (2009). Theorizing the dark side of the workplace spirituality movement. Journal of management inquiry, 18 (4): 288–300.
Leroy, H., Anseel, F., Gardner, W.L., & Sels, L. (2012). Authentic leadership, authentic followership, basic need satisfaction, and work role performance: A cross- level study. Journal of Management, 41 (6): 1677–1697.
Milliman, J., Ferguson, J., Trickett, D., & Condemi, B. (1999). "Spirit and community at Southwest Airlines:". Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12 (3): 221–233.
Palmer, P.J. (1998). Evoking the spirit in public education. Educational Leadership, 56: 1-6.
Polley, D., Vora, J., & Subbanarasimha P. N. (2005). Paying the devil his due: Limits and liabilities of workplace spiritualiy. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 13 (1): 50-63.
Reave, L. (2005). Spiritual values and practices related to leadership effectiveness. The Leadership Quarterly, 16: 655–687.
Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2006). Self-regulation and the problem of human autonomy: Does psychology need choice, self-determination, and will?. Journal of Personality, 74 (6): 1557–1585.
Sanders III, J.E., Hopkins, W.E. & Geroy, G.D. (2005). A Causal assessment of the spirituality-leadership-commitment relationship. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 2 (1): 39-66.
Sharma, R.R. (2010). Preventing corruption through spiritual leadership in organisations. Organization and Management, 1: 135-151.
Saltzstein, A. L., Ting, Y., Saltzstein, G. H. (2001). Work-Family Balance and Job Satisfaction: The Impact of Family-Friendly Policies on Attitudes of Federal Government Employees. Public Administration Review, 61 (4): 452-467.
Tenenhaus, M., & Vinzi, E.V. (2005). PLS regression, PLS path modeling and generalized procrustean analysis: a combined approach for PLS regression, PLS path modeling and generalized multiblock analysis. Journal of Chemometrics, 19: 145–153.
Vinzi, V.E., Chin, W.W., Henseler, J., & Wang, H. (2010). Handbook of Partial Least Squares Concepts, Methods and Applications. Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York.
Wilson, C.L. (2008). A relational study of leadership spirituality and organizational performance in home health care agencies. A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Management in Organizational Leadership University of Phoenix.
Wheatley, M.J. (2002). Leadership in turbulent times is spiritual. Frontiers of Health Services Management, 18 (4): 19-28.
Yukl, G. (2010). Leadership in Organizations, seventh edition. Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Zhang, Y., & Chen, C.C. (2013). Developmental leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Mediating effects of self-determination, supervisor. The Leadership Quarterly: 1-10.
Published
2022-11-18
Section
Articles
