ANALISIS DAYA SAING DAN KINERJA EKSPOR ALAS KAKI INDONESIA DI PASAR EFTA PERIODE 2015-2024 MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN RCA, RSCA, GROWTH RCA, EPD, DAN MSA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31539/9j9j2q47Keywords:
Daya Saing Ekspor, Alas Kaki Indonesia, RCA, RSCA, Growth RCA, EPD, MSA, IE-CEPA, Pasar EFTAAbstract
Indonesia berdiri sebagai pengekspor sepatu terkemuka secara global, namun menghadapi persaingan yang hebat, terutama dari Vietnam di pasar Asosiasi Perdagangan Bebas Eropa (EFTA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi daya saing dan kinerja ekspor alas kaki Indonesia (HS 6403) di pasar EFTA dari 2015 hingga 2024 dengan membandingkan klasemen Indonesia dan Vietnam. Analisis ini menggunakan metode seperti Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Growth RCA, Export Product Dynamics (EPD), dan Market Share Analysis (MSA). Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia mempertahankan keunggulan komparatif yang cukup stabil dengan skor RCA rata-rata 2,94 dan RSCA 0,49, meskipun masih tertinggal di belakang Vietnam, yang mencapai RCA rata-rata 5,10 dan RSCA 0,67. Analisis Pertumbuhan RCA mengungkapkan fluktuasi daya saing Indonesia, mencatat tingkat pertumbuhan rata-rata 2,08% per tahun, di bawah 4,62% Vietnam. Menurut analisis EPD, posisi ekspor Indonesia terutama dikategorikan sebagai Rising Star, sedangkan Vietnam menunjukkan berbagai posisi yang menunjukkan tahap kematangan pasar. Selama periode penelitian, pangsa pasar Indonesia mengalami peningkatan; namun, kesenjangan dengan Vietnam sebenarnya telah melebar. Implementasi Perjanjian Kemitraan Ekonomi Komprehensif Indonesia-EFTA (IE-CEPA) secara positif mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekspor, meskipun belum secara signifikan mempersempit kesenjangan daya saing. Hasil ini menggarisbawahi perlunya meningkatkan daya saing struktural melalui spesialisasi ekspor yang lebih besar, peningkatan efisiensi produksi, dan kualitas produk yang unggul.
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