Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBL) terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis: Suatu Meta Analisis
Abstract
Kemampuan berpikir kritis sangat dibutuhkan di abad 21. Oleh karena itu, pembelajaran harus memberikan pengalaman yang mampu menstimulus kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang disinyalir berpengaruh positif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa adalah model pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBL). Sudah banyak penelitian yang dilakukan dan memberikan hasil yang beragam, sehingga belum dapat memberikan gambaran yang akurat. Oleh karena itu, studi ini dilakukan untuk mengekstraksi hasil-hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya untuk kemudian dianalisis untuk melihat pengaruh yang diberikan model PBL terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah meta analisis dengan menganalisis artikel yang peroleh melalui beberapa meta data. Hasil dari seleksi diperoleh sebanyak 20 artikel quasi eksperimen yang kemudian diekstraksi untuk mendapatkan data berupa jumlah sampel, mean, dan standar deviasi. Analisis data menggunakan metode Hedges untuk mendapatkan effect size dari keseluruhan data. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa effect size yang diperoleh sebesar 1.050, dengan Confidence Interval (CI) 0,565-1,534 dan p value < 0,001 atau < α (0,05). Dengan demikian, hasil studi meta analisis ini membuktikan bahwa model PBL memberikan pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.
Kata Kunci: model pembelajaran berbasis masalah, kemampuan berpikir kritis, pengaruh, meta analisis
References
Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2019). How Technology Displaces and Reinstates Labor. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(2), 3–30. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26621237
Amin, S., Utaya, S., Bachri, S., Sumarmi, & Susilo, S. (2020). Effect of problem-based learning on critical thinking skills and environmental attitude. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 8(2), 743–755. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.650344
Arifin, S., Setyosari, P., Sa’dijah, C., & Kuswandi, D. (2020). The effect of problem-based learning by cognitive style on critical thinking skills and students’ retention. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 10(2), 271–281. https://doi.org/10.3926/JOTSE.790
Barret, T. (2017). A New Model of Problem-based learning: Inspiring Concepts, Practice Strategies and Case Studies from Higher Education. AISHE.
Bonafide, D. Y., Yuberti, Saregar, A., & Fasa, M. I. (2021). Problem-based learning model on students’ critical-thinking skills: A meta-analysis study. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1796(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1796/1/012075
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., & Higgins J.P.T. (2009). Introduction to meta-analysis. John Willey and Son Ltd.
Burris, S., & Garton, B. L. (2007). Effect of Instructional Strategy on Critical Thinking and Content Knowledge: Using Problem Based Learning in The Secondary Classroom. Journal of Agricultural Education , 48(1), 106–116.
Choi, E., Lindquist, R., & Song, Y. (2014). Effects of problem-based learning vs. traditional lecture on Korean nursing students’ critical thinking, problem-solving, and self-directed learning. Nurse Education Today, 34(1), 52–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2013.02.012
Dakabesi, D., & Luoise, I. S. Y. (2019). The effectiveness of problem-based learning model to increase the students’ critical thinking skills. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 13(4), 543–549. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v13i4.12940
Facione, P. A. (2011). Critical thinking: What it is and why it counts. Insight Assessment, 2007(1), 1–23.
Ismail, N. S., Harun, J., Zakaria, M. A. Z. M., & Salleh, S. M. (2018). The effect of Mobile problem-based learning application DicScience PBL on students’ critical thinking. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 28, 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.04.002
Kong, L.-N., Qin, B., Zhou, Y., Mou, S., & Gao, H.-M. (2014). The effectiveness of problem-based learning on development of nursing students’ critical thinking: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(3), 458–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.06.009
Lopez, B. P. (2017). Theme: The 21st century adult learner. Educational Research and Reviews, 12(8), 540–548. https://doi.org/10.5897/err2016.2928
Luvia Ranggi, N., Yokhebed, Ramli, M., & Yuliani, H. (2021). Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning towards Critical Thinking Skills in Science Learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1842(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1842/1/012071
Masek, A., & Yamin, S. (2012). The Impact of Instructional Methods on Critical Thinking: A Comparison of Problem-Based Learning and Conventional Approach in Engineering Education. ISRN Education, 2012, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/759241
MCCONNELL, T. O. M. J., PARKER, J., & EBERHARDT, J. (2018). PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING IN THE EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE CLASSROOM K-12. The Science Teacher, 85(2), vii–158. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44843529
Mercy, A., Lapuz, E., & Fulgencio, M. N. (2020). Improving the Critical Thinking Skills of Secondary School Students using Problem-Based Learning. In International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research (Vol. 4, Issue 1). www.ijeais.org/ijamr
Miterianifa, Trisnayanti, Y., Khoiri, A., & Ayu, H. D. (2019). Meta-analysis: The effect of problem-based learning on students’ critical thinking skills. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2194. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5139796
Mukhadis, A. (2013). Sosok manusia indonesia unggul dan berkarakter dalam bidang teknologi sebagai tuntutan hidup di era globalisasi. Jurnal Pendidikan Karakter, 4(2).
Park, S., & Choi, S. (2015). Effects of Problem-based Learning on the Learning Atti-tudes, Critical Thinking Disposition and Problem-Solving Skills of Nursing Students: Infant Care. 192–196. https://doi.org/10.14257/astl.2015.103.41
Peetz, D. (2019). Digitalisation and the jobs of the future. In The Realities and Futures of Work (pp. 83–112). ANU Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvq4c16w.9
POWELL, A., SALEM, W., BONNER, S., & ASKEW, R. (2019). A Problem-Based Learning Experience in Water Filtration. Science Scope, 42(6), 57–64. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26898907
Puspita, A. S., & Aloysius, S. (2019). Developing student’s critical thinking skills through implementation of problem based learning approach. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1241(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1241/1/012020
Qondias, D., Lasmawan, W., Dantes, N., & Arnyana, I. B. P. (2022). Effectiveness of Multicultural Problem-Based Learning Models in Improving Social Attitudes and Critical Thinking Skills of Elementary School Students in Thematic Instruction. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 9(2), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.20448/JEELR.V9I2.3812
Rahman, A., & Ristiana, E. (2020). Pengaruh Model PBL Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Pemahaman Konsep IPA Siswa Kelas V SDN 30 Sumpangbita (Vol. 4, Issue 1).
Ramdani, D., Susilo, H., Suhadi, S., & Sueb, S. (2023). The effect of problem based learning on critical thinking skills of biology learning in Indonesia: A meta-analysis study. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2569). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0112352
Rehmat, A. P., & Hartley, K. (2020). Building engineering awareness: Problem-based learning approach for STEM integration. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 14(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.14434/ijpbl.v14i1.28636
Retnawati, H., Apiano, E., Kartianom, Djidu, H., & Anazifa, R. D. (2018). Pengantar Analisis Meta. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334644017
Roll, M. J. J., & Ifenthaler, D. (2020). The Impact of Learning Factories on Multidisciplinary Digital Competencies. In E. Wuttke, J. Seifried, & H. Niegemann (Eds.), Vocational Education and Training in the Age of Digitization (1st ed., pp. 23–38). Verlag Barbara Budrich. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18dvv1c.5
Saavedra, A. R., & Opfer, V. D. (2012). Learning 21st-century skills requires 21st-century teaching. The Phi Delta Kappan, 94(2), 8–13. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41763587
Savery, J. R., & Duffy, T. M. (1995). Problem Based Learning: An Instructional Model and Its Constructivist Framework. Educational Technology, 35(5), 31–38. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44428296
Şendaǧ, S., & Ferhan Odabaşi, H. (2009). Effects of an online problem based learning course on content knowledge acquisition and critical thinking skills. Computers and Education, 53(1), 132–141.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.01.008
Shelby, L. B., & Vaske, J. (2008). Understanding meta-analysis: A review of the methodological literature. In Leisure Sciences (Vol. 30, Issue 2, pp. 96–110). https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400701881366
Silva, E. (2009). Measuring Skills for 21st-Century Learning. The Phi Delta Kappan, 90(9), 630–634. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27652741
Suparman, Juandi, D., & Tamur, M. (2021). Problem-Based Learning for Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills: A Meta-Analysis (Vol. 48, Issue 2).
Tayyeb, R. (2013). Effectiveness of Problem Based Learning as an Instructional Toolfor Acquisition of Content Knowledge and Promotion of Critical Thinking Among Medical Students. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, 23(1), 42–46.
Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills: Learning for life in our times. John Wiley & Sons.
Tyson, L. D., & Zysman, J. (2022). Automation, AI & Work. Daedalus, 151(2), 256–271. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48662040
Ulger, K. (2018). The effect of problem-based learning on the creative thinking and critical thinking disposition of students in visual arts education. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.7771/1541-5015.1649
Yew, E. H. J., & Goh, K. (2016). Problem-Based Learning: An Overview of its Process and Impact on Learning. In Health Professions Education (Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp. 75–79). King Saud bin Abdulaziz University. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2016.01.004
Yuan, H., Kunaviktikul, W., Klunklin, A., & Williams, B. A. (2008). Improvement of nursing students’ critical thinking skills through problem-based learning in the People’s Republic of China: A quasi-experimental study. Nursing and Health Sciences, 10(1), 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2007.00373.x
진 주양. (2006). 문제중심학습이 간호학생의 비판적 사고성향과 문제해결과정에 미치는 효과. In 간호행정학회지 (Vol. 12, Issue 2). 최성희와 이인경.
최희정. (2004). 문제중심학습이 간호학생의 비판적 사고, 메타인지 및문제해결과정에 미치는 영향. J Korean Acad Nurs, 34(5), 712–721.
Amin, S., Utaya, S., Bachri, S., Sumarmi, & Susilo, S. (2020). Effect of problem-based learning on critical thinking skills and environmental attitude. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 8(2), 743–755. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.650344
Arifin, S., Setyosari, P., Sa’dijah, C., & Kuswandi, D. (2020). The effect of problem-based learning by cognitive style on critical thinking skills and students’ retention. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 10(2), 271–281. https://doi.org/10.3926/JOTSE.790
Barret, T. (2017). A New Model of Problem-based learning: Inspiring Concepts, Practice Strategies and Case Studies from Higher Education. AISHE.
Bonafide, D. Y., Yuberti, Saregar, A., & Fasa, M. I. (2021). Problem-based learning model on students’ critical-thinking skills: A meta-analysis study. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1796(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1796/1/012075
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., & Higgins J.P.T. (2009). Introduction to meta-analysis. John Willey and Son Ltd.
Burris, S., & Garton, B. L. (2007). Effect of Instructional Strategy on Critical Thinking and Content Knowledge: Using Problem Based Learning in The Secondary Classroom. Journal of Agricultural Education , 48(1), 106–116.
Choi, E., Lindquist, R., & Song, Y. (2014). Effects of problem-based learning vs. traditional lecture on Korean nursing students’ critical thinking, problem-solving, and self-directed learning. Nurse Education Today, 34(1), 52–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2013.02.012
Dakabesi, D., & Luoise, I. S. Y. (2019). The effectiveness of problem-based learning model to increase the students’ critical thinking skills. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 13(4), 543–549. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v13i4.12940
Facione, P. A. (2011). Critical thinking: What it is and why it counts. Insight Assessment, 2007(1), 1–23.
Ismail, N. S., Harun, J., Zakaria, M. A. Z. M., & Salleh, S. M. (2018). The effect of Mobile problem-based learning application DicScience PBL on students’ critical thinking. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 28, 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.04.002
Kong, L.-N., Qin, B., Zhou, Y., Mou, S., & Gao, H.-M. (2014). The effectiveness of problem-based learning on development of nursing students’ critical thinking: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(3), 458–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.06.009
Lopez, B. P. (2017). Theme: The 21st century adult learner. Educational Research and Reviews, 12(8), 540–548. https://doi.org/10.5897/err2016.2928
Luvia Ranggi, N., Yokhebed, Ramli, M., & Yuliani, H. (2021). Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning towards Critical Thinking Skills in Science Learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1842(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1842/1/012071
Masek, A., & Yamin, S. (2012). The Impact of Instructional Methods on Critical Thinking: A Comparison of Problem-Based Learning and Conventional Approach in Engineering Education. ISRN Education, 2012, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/759241
MCCONNELL, T. O. M. J., PARKER, J., & EBERHARDT, J. (2018). PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING IN THE EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE CLASSROOM K-12. The Science Teacher, 85(2), vii–158. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44843529
Mercy, A., Lapuz, E., & Fulgencio, M. N. (2020). Improving the Critical Thinking Skills of Secondary School Students using Problem-Based Learning. In International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research (Vol. 4, Issue 1). www.ijeais.org/ijamr
Miterianifa, Trisnayanti, Y., Khoiri, A., & Ayu, H. D. (2019). Meta-analysis: The effect of problem-based learning on students’ critical thinking skills. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2194. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5139796
Mukhadis, A. (2013). Sosok manusia indonesia unggul dan berkarakter dalam bidang teknologi sebagai tuntutan hidup di era globalisasi. Jurnal Pendidikan Karakter, 4(2).
Park, S., & Choi, S. (2015). Effects of Problem-based Learning on the Learning Atti-tudes, Critical Thinking Disposition and Problem-Solving Skills of Nursing Students: Infant Care. 192–196. https://doi.org/10.14257/astl.2015.103.41
Peetz, D. (2019). Digitalisation and the jobs of the future. In The Realities and Futures of Work (pp. 83–112). ANU Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvq4c16w.9
POWELL, A., SALEM, W., BONNER, S., & ASKEW, R. (2019). A Problem-Based Learning Experience in Water Filtration. Science Scope, 42(6), 57–64. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26898907
Puspita, A. S., & Aloysius, S. (2019). Developing student’s critical thinking skills through implementation of problem based learning approach. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1241(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1241/1/012020
Qondias, D., Lasmawan, W., Dantes, N., & Arnyana, I. B. P. (2022). Effectiveness of Multicultural Problem-Based Learning Models in Improving Social Attitudes and Critical Thinking Skills of Elementary School Students in Thematic Instruction. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 9(2), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.20448/JEELR.V9I2.3812
Rahman, A., & Ristiana, E. (2020). Pengaruh Model PBL Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Pemahaman Konsep IPA Siswa Kelas V SDN 30 Sumpangbita (Vol. 4, Issue 1).
Ramdani, D., Susilo, H., Suhadi, S., & Sueb, S. (2023). The effect of problem based learning on critical thinking skills of biology learning in Indonesia: A meta-analysis study. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2569). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0112352
Rehmat, A. P., & Hartley, K. (2020). Building engineering awareness: Problem-based learning approach for STEM integration. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 14(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.14434/ijpbl.v14i1.28636
Retnawati, H., Apiano, E., Kartianom, Djidu, H., & Anazifa, R. D. (2018). Pengantar Analisis Meta. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334644017
Roll, M. J. J., & Ifenthaler, D. (2020). The Impact of Learning Factories on Multidisciplinary Digital Competencies. In E. Wuttke, J. Seifried, & H. Niegemann (Eds.), Vocational Education and Training in the Age of Digitization (1st ed., pp. 23–38). Verlag Barbara Budrich. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18dvv1c.5
Saavedra, A. R., & Opfer, V. D. (2012). Learning 21st-century skills requires 21st-century teaching. The Phi Delta Kappan, 94(2), 8–13. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41763587
Savery, J. R., & Duffy, T. M. (1995). Problem Based Learning: An Instructional Model and Its Constructivist Framework. Educational Technology, 35(5), 31–38. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44428296
Şendaǧ, S., & Ferhan Odabaşi, H. (2009). Effects of an online problem based learning course on content knowledge acquisition and critical thinking skills. Computers and Education, 53(1), 132–141.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.01.008
Shelby, L. B., & Vaske, J. (2008). Understanding meta-analysis: A review of the methodological literature. In Leisure Sciences (Vol. 30, Issue 2, pp. 96–110). https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400701881366
Silva, E. (2009). Measuring Skills for 21st-Century Learning. The Phi Delta Kappan, 90(9), 630–634. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27652741
Suparman, Juandi, D., & Tamur, M. (2021). Problem-Based Learning for Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills: A Meta-Analysis (Vol. 48, Issue 2).
Tayyeb, R. (2013). Effectiveness of Problem Based Learning as an Instructional Toolfor Acquisition of Content Knowledge and Promotion of Critical Thinking Among Medical Students. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, 23(1), 42–46.
Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills: Learning for life in our times. John Wiley & Sons.
Tyson, L. D., & Zysman, J. (2022). Automation, AI & Work. Daedalus, 151(2), 256–271. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48662040
Ulger, K. (2018). The effect of problem-based learning on the creative thinking and critical thinking disposition of students in visual arts education. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.7771/1541-5015.1649
Yew, E. H. J., & Goh, K. (2016). Problem-Based Learning: An Overview of its Process and Impact on Learning. In Health Professions Education (Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp. 75–79). King Saud bin Abdulaziz University. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2016.01.004
Yuan, H., Kunaviktikul, W., Klunklin, A., & Williams, B. A. (2008). Improvement of nursing students’ critical thinking skills through problem-based learning in the People’s Republic of China: A quasi-experimental study. Nursing and Health Sciences, 10(1), 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2007.00373.x
진 주양. (2006). 문제중심학습이 간호학생의 비판적 사고성향과 문제해결과정에 미치는 효과. In 간호행정학회지 (Vol. 12, Issue 2). 최성희와 이인경.
최희정. (2004). 문제중심학습이 간호학생의 비판적 사고, 메타인지 및문제해결과정에 미치는 영향. J Korean Acad Nurs, 34(5), 712–721.
Published
2024-07-17
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 Husnul Mukti, Ni Ketut Suarni, I Gede Margunayasa, B Fitri Rahmawati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
