Ketangguhan Mental Atlet Menjelang Pertandingan pada Tahap Persiapan Khusus Melalui Metode Pelatihan Mental Systematic Literature Review
Abstract
This research aims to determine the level of mental toughness of athletes before a match during the special preparation stage through mental training methods. The method used in this research employs the SLR (Systematic Literature Review) method, with literature searches conducted using digital databases (Google Scholar, Publish or Perish, Scopus, and others). This research was conducted based on three keywords: mental toughness, mental training, and training periodization. Conclusion: There is an increase in mental toughness leading up to the competition in the specific phase through mental training with various methods that are tailored to the needs and proportions of the athletes themselves.
Keywords: mental toughness, mental training, training periodization
References
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Anthony DR, Gucciardi DF, Gordon S. A meta-study of qualitative research on mental toughness development. Int Rev Sport ExercPsychol 2016;9:160–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2016.1146787
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Bar-Eli, M., Dreshman, R., Blumenstein, B., & Weinstein, Y. (2002). The effect of mental training with biofeedback on the performance of young swimmers. Applied psychology, 51(4), 567-581 https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00108
Bompa. 2009. “Periodization Theory and Methodology of Training” York
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Budiwanto, S. (2012). Metodologi Latihan Olahraga. Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan.
Crust, L., & Azadi, K. (2010). Mental toughness and athletes’ use of psychological strategies. European Journal of Sport Science, 10 (1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390903049972
Dermawan, D. F., Tangkudung, P. J., & Pd, M. (2018). Periodisasi, Perencanaan Latihan. Universitas Negeri Jakarta, 1–21.
Durand-Bush, N., Salmela, J.H., & Green-Demers, I. (2001). The Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool (OMSAT-3*). The Sport Psychologist, 15, 1–19.https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.15.1.1 https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.15.1.1
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Eva Meizara, P. D., & Saharullah, S. (2017). Penerapan Metode Mental Training Dalam Olahraga Terhadap Peningkatan Mental Atlet Pusat Pendidikan Dan Latihan Pelajar Di Makassar.
Falaahudin, A., Iwandana, D. T., & Rachman, A. (2021). Pelatihan Mental Training Atlet untuk Menghadapi Pertandingan Porda DIY. Jurnal Bina Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2(1), 14-19.https://doi.org/10.55081/jbpkm.v2i1.484
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Golby, J., & Sheard, M. (2004). Mental toughness and hardiness at different levels of rugby league. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 933–942 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.10.015
Golby, J., Sheard, M., & Lavallee, D. (2003). A cognitive-behav-ioral analysis of mental toughness in national rugby league football teams. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 96, 455–462.
Golby, J., & Van Wersch, A. (2009). Progress toward construct validation of the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25(3), 186–193https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.186
Graham, D., & Yocom, G. (1990). Mental toughness training for golf. Lexington, MA: The Stephen Greene Press.Crust, L., & Azadi, K. (2010). Mental toughness and athletes' use of psychological strategies. European Journal of Sport Science, 10(1), 43-51https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390903049972
Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., & Dimmock, J. A. (2008). Towards an Understanding of Mental Toughness in Australian Football. Journal Of Applied Sport Psychology.https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200801998556
Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., & Dimmock, J. A. (2009). Development and preliminary validation of a mental toughness inventory for Australian football. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10 (1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.07.011
Ismanda, S. N., Purba, A., & Herman, H. (2017). Efektivitas Latihan TahapPersiapan Khusus terhadap Endurance Atlet Pria Junior Cabang Olahraga Taekwondo. JTIKOR (Jurnal Terapan Ilmu Keolahragaan), 2(2), 142-147. https://doi.org/10.17509/jtikor.v2i2.8071
Jones, G. (2010). Psychology What Is This Thing Called Mental Toughness ? An Investigation of Elite Sport Performers What Is This Thing Called Mental Toughness ? Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 205–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103509
Jones, G., Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2002). What is this thing called mental toughness? An investigation of elite sport performers. Journal of applied sport psychology, 14(3), 205-218.https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103509
Kumar, A. (2016). A study on mental toughness and sports competition anxiety for male and female basketball players. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 3(2), 379-381.
Levy, A. R., Polman, R. C. J., Clough, P. J., Marchant, D. C., & Earle, K. (2006).
Mental toughness as a determinant of beliefs, pain, and adherence in sport injury rehabilitation. Journal of Sports Rehabilitation, 15, 246254 https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.15.3.245
Lin, Y, Clough, PJ, Welch, J and Papageorgiou, KA (2017) Individual differences in mental toughness associated with academic performance and income, Personality and Individual Differences, 113,pp 178–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.03.039
Lin, Y., Mutz, J., Clough, P. J., & Papageorgiou, K. A. (2017). Mental toughness and individual differences in learning, educational and work performance, psychological well-being, and personality: A systematic review. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1345. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01345
Maddi, S.R. (2006). Hardiness: The courage to grow from stresses. Journal of Positive Psychology, 1, 160168.https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760600619609
Meggs, J., Ditzfeld, C., & Golby, J. (2014). Self-concept organisation and mental toughness in sport. Journal of sports sciences, 32(2), 101-109.https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2013.812230
Middleton, S.C., Marsh, H.M., Martin, A.J., Richards, G.E., & Perry, C., (2004). Discovering mental toughness: A qualitative study of mental toughness in elite athletes. Berlin : Self Research Centre Biannual Conference.
Middleton, S. C., Marsh, H. W., Martin, A. J., Richards, G. E., Savis, J., & Perry, C. (2004). The Psychological Performance Inventory: Is the mental toughness test tough enough? Inter-national Journal of Sport Psychology, 35, 91108.
Moxon, P., Clough, P., Dagnall, N., Clough, E., & Elstone, D. (2019). The potential benefits and costs of participation in school sports. Physical Education Matters, (Autumn 2019), 26-28.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00132.x
Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C., Levy, A. R., & Backhouse, S. H. (2009). Mental toughnein sport: Achievement level, gender,age, experience, and sport type. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 7375.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.02.006
Nizam, M.A., Fauzee, O.M.S., & Samah, B.A. (2009). The effect of higher score of mental toughness in the early stage of the league toward winning among Malaysian football players. Research Journal Of International Studies, 12, 67-78.
Putra, R. T., & Pambudi, F. R. (2021). Pemahaman Pelatih Panahan Tentang Periodesasi Latihan Jangka Panjang Persatuan Panahan Indonesia Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan Indonesia, 1(2), 06-14.https://doi.org/10.55606/jikki.v1i2.381
Rasti, M. A. (2017). Effect Of Mental Training Programme In Improving Mental Toughness And Coping Abilities Among Tehranhigh School Student Athletes.
Raynaldi, F. B., Rachmah, D. N., & Akbar, S. N. (2016). Hubungan Ketangguhan Mental Dengan Kecemasan Bertanding Pada Atlet Pencak Silat Di Banjarbaru Jurnal Ecopsy, 3(3), 149–154. https://doi.org/10.20527/ecopsy.v3i3.2665
Rosli, S. (2016). Orientasi matlamat dan kebimbangan pra pertandingan di kalangan atlet hoki bawah 18 tahun (Doctoral dissertation, University of Malaya).
Rusli Lutan. 2013. Asas-Asas Pendidikan Jasmani. Jakarta: Depdiknas.Sheard, M.,
Saadan, R. (2016). Orientasi Matlamat Dan Kebimbangan Pra Pertandingan Di Kalangan Atlet Hoki Bawah 18 Tahun (Doctoral dissertation, University of Malaya (Malaysia)).
Sheard, M., Golby, J., & van Wersch, A. (2009). Progress toward construct validation of the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25(3), 186–193https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.186
Sin, T. H. (2016). Persiapan mental Training Atlet dalam menghadapi pertandingan. Jurnal Performa Olahraga, 1(01), 61-73.https://doi.org/10.24036/po.v1i01.76 education and training program for early-career English football league referees. Sport Psychol 2015;29:237–57.https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2014-0015
Stamatis, A., Grandjean, P., Morgan, G., Padgett, R. N., Cowden, R., & Koutakis,
P. (2020). Developing and training mental toughness in sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and pre-test and post-test experiments. BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 6(1), e000747. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000747
Sudarwati, Lilik. 2007. Mental juara Modal atlet Berprestasi. Jakarta. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Tjung, H. S. (2016). Persiapan Mental Training Atlet dalam Menghadapi Pertandingan. Jurnal Performa Olahraga, 1(1), 56-67.https://doi.org/10.24036/po.v1i01.76
Weinberg R, Butt J, Culp B. Coaches’ views of mental toughness and how it isbuilt. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2011; 9:156-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2011.567106
Wilson, D., Bennett, E. V., Mosewich, A. D., Faulkner, G. E., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2019). “The zipper effect”: Exploring the interrelationship of mental toughness and self-compassion among Canadian elite women athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 40, 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.09.006
Ardakani ZP, et al. Applying mindfulness training to enhance the mental toughness and emotional intelligence of amateur basketball players. Australas Psychiatry2019;27:291–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1039856219828119
Anthony DR, Gucciardi DF, Gordon S. A meta-study of qualitative research on mental toughness development. Int Rev Sport ExercPsychol 2016;9:160–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2016.1146787
Arezah.E., & Haryanta. (2022). Determinasi Diri Berperan dalam Ketangguhan Mental pada Atlet Mahasiswa. Sang Pencerah : Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton, Volume 8, No 2. https://doi.org/10.35326/pencerah.v8i2.2075
Bar-Eli, M., Dreshman, R., Blumenstein, B., & Weinstein, Y. (2002). The effect of mental training with biofeedback on the performance of young swimmers. Applied psychology, 51(4), 567-581 https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00108
Bompa. 2009. “Periodization Theory and Methodology of Training” York
University Tangkudung, James. 2006. Pembinaan Prestasi Olahraga. Jakarta: Cerdas Jaya.
Bompa O. Tudor. 2000. Total Training for Young Champions. York University, United State: Human Kinetics.
Budiwanto, S. (2012). Metodologi Latihan Olahraga. Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan.
Crust, L., & Azadi, K. (2010). Mental toughness and athletes’ use of psychological strategies. European Journal of Sport Science, 10 (1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390903049972
Dermawan, D. F., Tangkudung, P. J., & Pd, M. (2018). Periodisasi, Perencanaan Latihan. Universitas Negeri Jakarta, 1–21.
Durand-Bush, N., Salmela, J.H., & Green-Demers, I. (2001). The Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool (OMSAT-3*). The Sport Psychologist, 15, 1–19.https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.15.1.1 https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.15.1.1
Earle, K. (2006). The construct of mental toughness: A psychometric and experimental analysis. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Hull. Eubank MR, Nesti MS, Littlewood MA. A culturally informed approach to mental toughness development in high performance sport. Int J Sport Psychol 2017;48:206–22. https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP.2017.48.206
Eva Meizara, P. D., & Saharullah, S. (2017). Penerapan Metode Mental Training Dalam Olahraga Terhadap Peningkatan Mental Atlet Pusat Pendidikan Dan Latihan Pelajar Di Makassar.
Falaahudin, A., Iwandana, D. T., & Rachman, A. (2021). Pelatihan Mental Training Atlet untuk Menghadapi Pertandingan Porda DIY. Jurnal Bina Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2(1), 14-19.https://doi.org/10.55081/jbpkm.v2i1.484
Fourie, S., & Potgieter, J. R. (2001). The nature of mental toughness in sport. South African Journal for Research in Sport. Physical Education and Recreation, 23, 6372.
Golby, J., & Sheard, M. (2004). Mental toughness and hardiness at different levels of rugby league. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 933–942 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.10.015
Golby, J., Sheard, M., & Lavallee, D. (2003). A cognitive-behav-ioral analysis of mental toughness in national rugby league football teams. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 96, 455–462.
Golby, J., & Van Wersch, A. (2009). Progress toward construct validation of the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25(3), 186–193https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.186
Graham, D., & Yocom, G. (1990). Mental toughness training for golf. Lexington, MA: The Stephen Greene Press.Crust, L., & Azadi, K. (2010). Mental toughness and athletes' use of psychological strategies. European Journal of Sport Science, 10(1), 43-51https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390903049972
Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., & Dimmock, J. A. (2008). Towards an Understanding of Mental Toughness in Australian Football. Journal Of Applied Sport Psychology.https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200801998556
Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., & Dimmock, J. A. (2009). Development and preliminary validation of a mental toughness inventory for Australian football. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10 (1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.07.011
Ismanda, S. N., Purba, A., & Herman, H. (2017). Efektivitas Latihan TahapPersiapan Khusus terhadap Endurance Atlet Pria Junior Cabang Olahraga Taekwondo. JTIKOR (Jurnal Terapan Ilmu Keolahragaan), 2(2), 142-147. https://doi.org/10.17509/jtikor.v2i2.8071
Jones, G. (2010). Psychology What Is This Thing Called Mental Toughness ? An Investigation of Elite Sport Performers What Is This Thing Called Mental Toughness ? Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 205–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103509
Jones, G., Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2002). What is this thing called mental toughness? An investigation of elite sport performers. Journal of applied sport psychology, 14(3), 205-218.https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103509
Kumar, A. (2016). A study on mental toughness and sports competition anxiety for male and female basketball players. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 3(2), 379-381.
Levy, A. R., Polman, R. C. J., Clough, P. J., Marchant, D. C., & Earle, K. (2006).
Mental toughness as a determinant of beliefs, pain, and adherence in sport injury rehabilitation. Journal of Sports Rehabilitation, 15, 246254 https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.15.3.245
Lin, Y, Clough, PJ, Welch, J and Papageorgiou, KA (2017) Individual differences in mental toughness associated with academic performance and income, Personality and Individual Differences, 113,pp 178–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.03.039
Lin, Y., Mutz, J., Clough, P. J., & Papageorgiou, K. A. (2017). Mental toughness and individual differences in learning, educational and work performance, psychological well-being, and personality: A systematic review. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1345. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01345
Maddi, S.R. (2006). Hardiness: The courage to grow from stresses. Journal of Positive Psychology, 1, 160168.https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760600619609
Meggs, J., Ditzfeld, C., & Golby, J. (2014). Self-concept organisation and mental toughness in sport. Journal of sports sciences, 32(2), 101-109.https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2013.812230
Middleton, S.C., Marsh, H.M., Martin, A.J., Richards, G.E., & Perry, C., (2004). Discovering mental toughness: A qualitative study of mental toughness in elite athletes. Berlin : Self Research Centre Biannual Conference.
Middleton, S. C., Marsh, H. W., Martin, A. J., Richards, G. E., Savis, J., & Perry, C. (2004). The Psychological Performance Inventory: Is the mental toughness test tough enough? Inter-national Journal of Sport Psychology, 35, 91108.
Moxon, P., Clough, P., Dagnall, N., Clough, E., & Elstone, D. (2019). The potential benefits and costs of participation in school sports. Physical Education Matters, (Autumn 2019), 26-28.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00132.x
Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C., Levy, A. R., & Backhouse, S. H. (2009). Mental toughnein sport: Achievement level, gender,age, experience, and sport type. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 7375.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.02.006
Nizam, M.A., Fauzee, O.M.S., & Samah, B.A. (2009). The effect of higher score of mental toughness in the early stage of the league toward winning among Malaysian football players. Research Journal Of International Studies, 12, 67-78.
Putra, R. T., & Pambudi, F. R. (2021). Pemahaman Pelatih Panahan Tentang Periodesasi Latihan Jangka Panjang Persatuan Panahan Indonesia Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan Indonesia, 1(2), 06-14.https://doi.org/10.55606/jikki.v1i2.381
Rasti, M. A. (2017). Effect Of Mental Training Programme In Improving Mental Toughness And Coping Abilities Among Tehranhigh School Student Athletes.
Raynaldi, F. B., Rachmah, D. N., & Akbar, S. N. (2016). Hubungan Ketangguhan Mental Dengan Kecemasan Bertanding Pada Atlet Pencak Silat Di Banjarbaru Jurnal Ecopsy, 3(3), 149–154. https://doi.org/10.20527/ecopsy.v3i3.2665
Rosli, S. (2016). Orientasi matlamat dan kebimbangan pra pertandingan di kalangan atlet hoki bawah 18 tahun (Doctoral dissertation, University of Malaya).
Rusli Lutan. 2013. Asas-Asas Pendidikan Jasmani. Jakarta: Depdiknas.Sheard, M.,
Saadan, R. (2016). Orientasi Matlamat Dan Kebimbangan Pra Pertandingan Di Kalangan Atlet Hoki Bawah 18 Tahun (Doctoral dissertation, University of Malaya (Malaysia)).
Sheard, M., Golby, J., & van Wersch, A. (2009). Progress toward construct validation of the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25(3), 186–193https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.186
Sin, T. H. (2016). Persiapan mental Training Atlet dalam menghadapi pertandingan. Jurnal Performa Olahraga, 1(01), 61-73.https://doi.org/10.24036/po.v1i01.76 education and training program for early-career English football league referees. Sport Psychol 2015;29:237–57.https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2014-0015
Stamatis, A., Grandjean, P., Morgan, G., Padgett, R. N., Cowden, R., & Koutakis,
P. (2020). Developing and training mental toughness in sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and pre-test and post-test experiments. BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 6(1), e000747. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000747
Sudarwati, Lilik. 2007. Mental juara Modal atlet Berprestasi. Jakarta. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Tjung, H. S. (2016). Persiapan Mental Training Atlet dalam Menghadapi Pertandingan. Jurnal Performa Olahraga, 1(1), 56-67.https://doi.org/10.24036/po.v1i01.76
Weinberg R, Butt J, Culp B. Coaches’ views of mental toughness and how it isbuilt. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2011; 9:156-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2011.567106
Wilson, D., Bennett, E. V., Mosewich, A. D., Faulkner, G. E., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2019). “The zipper effect”: Exploring the interrelationship of mental toughness and self-compassion among Canadian elite women athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 40, 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.09.006
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2025-01-25
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