Implementasi Permainan Bola Besar Terhadap Positive Youth Development

Authors

Akmal Tri Nuralim Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Lukmannul Haqim Lubay Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Gano Sumarno Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

DOI:

Keywords:

Modifikasi Permainan Bola Besar, Pendidikan Jasmani, Positive Youth Development, Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of implementing modified large-ball games on the improvement of Positive Youth Development (PYD) among elementary school students. The method used was a quantitative approach with an experimental method employing a one-group pretest–posttest design. The research subjects were elementary school students selected through purposive sampling. The treatment consisted of implementing modified large-ball games over 14 physical education sessions, involving adjustments to rules, number of players, game duration, and the integration of values such as responsibility, cooperation, empathy, and sportsmanship. The research instrument used was the Positive Youth Development Inventory (PYDI), which measures five main dimensions of PYD: competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring. Data were analyzed using prerequisite tests and hypothesis testing through the Paired Sample t-Test. The results showed a significant improvement in all aspects of Positive Youth Development after the implementation of the modified large-ball games. The significance value obtained was less than 0.05, indicating a positive and significant effect on the development of PYD among elementary school students. In conclusion, the implementation of structured and developmentally appropriate modified large-ball games in physical education learning is proven to be an effective strategy for enhancing students’ competence, self-confidence, positive social relationships, character, and social caring.

Keywords: Elementary School Students, Modified Large-Ball Games, Physical Education, Positive Youth Developmentd

References

Ames, C. (1992). Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 261–271.

Benson, P. L. (2006). All kids are our kids: What communities must do to raise caring and responsible children and adolescents (2nd ed.). Jossey-Bass.

Catalano, R. F., Berglund, M. L., Ryan, J. A. M., Lonczak, H. S., & Hawkins, J. D. (2004). Positive youth development in the United States: Research findings on evaluations of Positive Youth Development programs. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(1), 98–124.

Cronin, L. D. (2015). Life skills development through youth sport: A review of the literature. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 37(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2015-0008

Cronin, L. D., Allen, J., Mulvenna, C., & Russell, P. (2020). An investigation of the relationships between the teaching climate, students’ perceived life skills development, and well-being in physical education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 25(5), 1–15.

Ćuk, I., Bronikowska, M., & Kowalczyk, M. (2022). Sport participation and social development. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 27(4), 395–409.

Damon, W. (2004). What is positive youth development? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591, 13–24.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.

Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 109–132.

Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Spinrad, T. L. (2010). Prosocial development. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(1), 145–159.

Fizi, R., [Lengkapi semua penulis]. (2023). Game-based learning in physical education. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 23(2), 445–452.

Fraser-Thomas, J. L., Côté, J., & Deakin, J. (2005). Youth sport programs: An avenue to foster positive youth development. The Sport Psychologist, 19(1), 19–40.

Garber, J., & Dodge, K. A. (1991). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation. Cambridge University Press.

Harahap, R., & Hendryanto, T. (2022). Dasar-dasar permainan bola besar. Refika Aditama.

Harter, S. (2012). Self-perception profile for children: Manual and questionnaires. University of Denver.

Hayden, L. A., Whitley, M. A., Cook, A. L., Dumais, A., Silva, M., & Scherer, A. (2015). An exploration of life skills development through sport in three international high school contexts. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 7(5), 759–775.

Hayudid, A., [Lengkapi semua penulis]. (2024). Pembelajaran permainan bola besar. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani, 15(2), 150–160.

Hendrayana, Y., [Lengkapi semua penulis]. (2020). Pendidikan jasmani di sekolah dasar. Kencana.

Holt, N. L., Neely, K. C., Slater, L. G., Camiré, M., Côté, J., Fraser-Thomas, J., & Tamminen, K. A. (2017). A grounded theory of Positive Youth Development through sport based on results from a qualitative meta-study. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10(1), 1–49.

Kochanska, G., Murray, K., & Coy, K. C. (1997). Inhibitory control as a contributor to conscience in childhood. Child Development, 68(2), 263–277.

Kolovelonis, A., Goudas, M., & Dermitzaki, I. (2022). The effects of developmentally appropriate games on students’ motivation, enjoyment, and learning in physical education. European Physical Education Review, 28(1), 1–18.

Larson, R. W. (2000). Toward a psychology of positive youth development. American Psychologist, 55(1), 170–183.

Lerner, R. M. (2005). Promoting positive youth development: Theoretical and empirical bases. Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(1), 10–16.

Lerner, R. M., Almerigi, J. B., Theokas, C., & Lerner, J. V. (2005). Positive youth development: A view of the issues. Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(1), 10–16.

Lerner, R. M., & Lerner, J. V. (2013). The positive development of youth: Comprehensive findings from the 4-H Study. Applied Developmental Science, 17(3), 1–13.

Lubay, L. H., Fahri, A. S., Nugroho, W. A., Akin, Y., Sumarno, G., Gumilang, E. S., & Mukhlisin, M. (2025). Validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner literasi fisik pada anak (PLC Quest) di kalangan siswa sekolah dasar Indonesia. Journal of SPORT, 9(3), 733–743.

Lutan, R. (2001). Asas-asas pendidikan jasmani. Depdiknas.

Manjani, E., & Manurung, J. R. (2025). Gadget use, physical inactivity, and social-emotional development in elementary school children. Journal of Child Development Studies, 7(1), 45–56.

Memmert, D., & Harvey, S. (2010). Identification of tactical patterns in invasion games. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 15(1), 1–20.

Metzler, M. W. (2011). Instructional models for physical education (3rd ed.). Holcomb Hathaway.

Nuryanti, L., Sumarno, G., & Hidayat, T. (2021). Life skills development through physical education learning in elementary schools. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 9(2), 112–121.

Pebriani, N., Sari, D. P., & Putra, R. A. (2025). Digital media exposure and its impact on physical activity and social interaction among elementary students. International Journal of Education and Development, 4(1), 88–99.

Phelps, E., Zimmerman, S., Warren, A., Jeličić, H., von Eye, A., & Lerner, R. M. (2007). The structure and developmental course of positive youth development. Journal of Early Adolescence, 27(1), 17–71.

Pradana, A. A. (2021). Pendidikan jasmani berbasis karakter: Integrasi nilai sportivitas dan tanggung jawab dalam pembelajaran permainan. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia, 17(2), 101–110.

Roth, J. L., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2003). Youth development programs: Risk, prevention, and policy. Journal of Adolescent Health, 32(3), 170–182.

Rubin, K. H., Bukowski, W. M., & Parker, J. G. (2006). Peer interactions, relationships, and groups. Social Development, 15(2), 1–19.

Saether, S. A., & Aspvik, N. P. (2023). Psychosocial development through football. Sport, Education and Society, 28(1), 1–14.

Slimani, M., Paravlic, A., Mbarek, F., Bragazzi, N. L., & Tod, D. (2022). The physiological demands of team sports. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 829.

Suherman, A. (2009). Strategi pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani. FPOK UPI.

Suherman, A. (2018). Modifikasi permainan dalam PJOK. UPI Press.

Sumarno, G. (2024). Pengaruh pembelajaran olahraga terstruktur terhadap keterampilan sosial dan kognitif siswa sekolah dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia, 12(2), 85–98.

Ulandari, R., [Lengkapi semua penulis]. (2024). Game modification in physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 43(1), 15–25.

Weiss, M. R., & Wiese-Bjornstal, D. M. (2009). Promoting positive youth development through physical activity. President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Research Digest, 10(3), 1–8.

Wentzel, K. R. (2014). Prosocial behavior and peer relationships. In S. L. Christenson et al. (Eds.), Handbook of motivation at school (pp. 307–324). Routledge.

Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Self-efficacy: An essential motive to learn. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 82–91.