Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Sebagai Indikator Adaptasi Fisiologis Terhadap Latihan Fisik: Systematic Literature Review

Irpan Alwi Sopyan; Reza Muhamad Ikhlas; Warya; Jonni Siahaan; Qorry Armen Gemael

doi:10.31539/15wftf47

Authors

Irpan Alwi Sopyan Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang
Reza Muhamad Ikhlas Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang
Warya Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang
Jonni Siahaan Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang
Qorry Armen Gemael Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31539/15wftf47

Keywords:

Adaptasi Fisiologis, Heart Rate Variability, Latihan Fisik, Sistem Saraf Otonom

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate heart rate variability (HRV) as an indicator of physiological adaptation to physical training using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach. The method followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, with literature searches conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases from 2020 to 2025. Article selection was performed using the PICOS framework, resulting in eight eligible studies. The findings indicate that vagal-related HRV indices, particularly RMSSD and Ln rMSSD, are widely used to monitor training responses and to guide training prescription in both athletes and non-athletes. HRV-guided training produced similar or greater improvements in fitness and performance compared with predefined training, often with fewer high-intensity sessions and fewer low responders. However, changes in resting HRV did not always parallel performance improvements, and no additional benefit of HRV guidance was observed for resistance training or high-intensity functional training. In conclusion, HRV has potential as a non-invasive indicator for monitoring and individualizing training adaptation; however, its interpretation is influenced by training type, measurement methods, baseline HRV, and subject characteristics. Therefore, HRV is best used longitudinally and combined with training load and perceived recovery measures rather than as a single indicator.

Keywords: Physiological Adaptation, Heart Rate Variability, Physical Training, Autonomic Nervous System

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