Rehabilitasi Latihan Fisik terhadap Pemulihan Pasca Stroke
Abstract
This study aims to identify the effect of exercise and physical activity on post-stroke recovery. The method in this study is a literature review by collecting international databases, namely PubMed, Proquest, Science Direct, NCBI, Sage Journal, and Taylor & Francis. The results showed that the total number of studies reviewed was 12 studies, with 701 patients. The types of stroke included in this study were; recurrent stroke, ischemic, infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, and transient ischemic attack. Physical activity interventions in this literature study are aerobic exercise, walking exercise, isokinetic training, balance exercise, and aquatic-based exercise. In conclusion, regular physical activity and exercise affect chronic stroke recovery, significantly improving motor function, emotional, cardiorespiratory health, and quality of life.
Keywords: Physical Exercise, Recovery, Rehabilitation, Stroke
References
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Aidar, F. J., Oliveira, J. O. R., Matos, G. D., Chilibeck, P. D., De-Soüza, R. F., Carneiro, A. L., & Reis, M. V. (2018). A Randomized Trial of the Effects of An Aquatic Exercise Program on Depression, Anxiety Levels, and Functional Capacity of People Who Suffered an Ischemic Stroke. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 58(7–8), 1171–1177. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07284-X
Alotaibi, S. M., Alotaibi, H. M., Alolyani, A. M., Abu Dali, F. A., Alshammari, A. K., Alhwiesh, A. A., Gari, D. M., Khuda, I. K. M. Q., & Vallabadoss, C. A. (2021). Assessment of the Stroke-Specific Quality-of-Life Scale in Kfhu, Khobar a Prospective Cross-Sectional Study. Neurosciences, 26(2), 171–178. https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2021.2.20200126
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Boyne, P., Welge, J., Kissela, B., & Dunning, K. (2017). Factors Influencing the Efficacy of Aerobic Exercise for Improving Fitness and Walking Capacity After Stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 98(3), 581–595. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2016.08.484
Coroian, F., Jourdan, C., Bakhti, K., Palayer, C., Jaussent, A., Picot, M. C., Mottet, D., Julia, M., Bonnin, H. Y., & Laffont, I. (2018). Upper Limb Isokinetic Strengthening Versus Passive Mobilization in Patients with Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 99(2), 321–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2017.08.490
Da-Campo, L., Hauck, M., Marcolino, M. A. Z., Pinheiro, D., Plentz, R. D. M., & Cechetti, F. (2019). Effects of Aerobic Exercise Using Cycle Ergometry on Balance and Functional Capacity in Post-Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials. Disability and Rehabilitation, 43(11), 1558–1564. doi:10.1080/09638288.2019.16702
Da-Silva, L. A., Tortelli, L., Motta, J., Menguer, L., Mariano, S., Tasca, G., Silveira, G. de B., Pinho, R. A., & Silveira, P. C. L. (2019). Effects of Aquatic Exercise on Mental Health, Functional Autonomy and Oxidative Stress in Depressed Elderly Individuals: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clinics, 74, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2019/e322
Duncan, P. W., Bushnell, C., Sissine, M., Coleman, S., Lutz, B. J., Johnson, A. M., & Stein, J. (2020). Comprehensive Stroke Care and Outcomes. Stroke, 52(1), 385-393. DOI:10.1161/strokeaha.120.02967
Gezer, H., Karaahmet, O. Z., Gurcay, E., Dulgeroglu, D., & Cakci, A. (2018). The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Stroke Rehabilitation. Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971). DOI:10.1007/s11845-018-1848-4
Gunnes, M., Indredavik, B., Langhammer, B., Lydersen, S., Ihle-Hansen, H., Dahl, A. E., & Askim, T. (2019). Associations Between Adherence to the Physical Activity and Exercise Program Applied in the LAST Study and Functional Recovery After Stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 100(12), 2251–2259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2019.04.023
Hamre, C., Fure, B., Helbostad, J. L., Wyller, T. B., Ihle-Hansen, H., Vlachos, G., Ursin, M. H., & Tangen, G. G. (2021). Factors Associated with Level of Physical Activity After Minor Stroke. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 30(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105628
Haverinen-Shaughnessy, U., Turunen, M., Metsämuuronen, J., Palonen, J., Putus, T., Kurnitski, J., & Shaughnessy, R. J. (2012). Sixth Grade Pupils ’ Health and Performance and Indoor Environmental Quality in Finnish School Buildings. British Journal of Educational Research, 2(1), 42–58. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253233983
Keating, L. E., Becker, S., McCabe, K., Whattam, J., Garrick, L., Sassi, R. B., Frey, B. N., & McKinnon, M. C. (2018). Effects of a 12-Week Running Programme in Youth and Adults with Complex Mood Disorders. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 4(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000314
Kimura, Y., Ohji, S., Nishio, N., Abe, Y., Ogawa, H., Taguchi, R., Otobe, Y., & Yamada, M. (2020). The Impact of Wheelchair Propulsion Based Physical Activity on Functional Recovery in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Multicenter Observational Study. Disability and Rehabilitation, 0(0), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2020.1821249
Kramer, S. F., Hung, S. H., & Brodtmann, A. (2019). The Impact of Physical Activity Before and After Stroke on Stroke Risk and Recovery: a Narrative Review. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 19(6). DOI:10.1007/s11910-019-0949-4
Kuriakose, D., & Xiao, Z. (2020). Pathophysiology and Treatment of Stroke: Present Status and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci, 21(20), 7609. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207609
Le-Danseur, M. (2019). Stroke Rehabilitation. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America. doi:10.1016/j.cnc.2019.11.004.
Lee, J., & Stone, A. J. (2019). Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training for Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Muscle Strength, and Walking Capacity after Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 104498. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104498
Lin, F. H., Yih, D. N., Shih, F. M., & Chu, C. M. (2019). Effect of Social Support and Health Education on Depression Scale Scores of Chronic Stroke Patients. Medicine, 98(44), e17667. DOI:10.1097/md.0000000000017667
Linder, S. M., Davidson, S., Rosenfeld, A., & Lee, J. (2020). Forced and Voluntary Aerobic Cycling Interventions Improve Walking Capacity in Individuals With Chronic Stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 102(1). DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2020.08.006
Lund, C., Dalgas, U., Grønborg, T. K., Andersen, H., Severinsen, K., Riemenschneider, M., & Overgaard, K. (2018). Balance and Walking Performance are Improved after Resistance and Aerobic Training in Persons with Chronic Stroke. Disability and Rehabilitation, 40(20), 2408–2415. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2017.1336646
Mairami, F. F., Warren, N., Allotey, P. A., & Reidpath, D. D. (2019). Contextual factors that shape recovery after stroke in Malaysia. Disability and Rehabilitation, 42(22), 3189-3198. DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1588399
Marzolini, S., Oh, P., McIlroy, W., & Brooks, D. (2012). The Effects of an Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Training Program on Cognition Following Stroke. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 27(5), 392–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968312465192
Misawa, J., & Kondo, K. (2019). Social Factors Relating to Depression Among Older People in Japan: Analysis of Longitudinal Panel Data from The AGES Project. Aging and Mental Health, 23(10), 1423–1432. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2018.1496225
Moucheboeuf, G., Griffier, R., Gasq, D., Glize, B., Bouyer, L., Dehail, P., & Cassoudesalle, H. (2020). Effects of Robotic Gait Training after Stroke: A Meta-Analysis. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 63(6), 518–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2020.02.008
Nam, C., Zhang, B., Chow, T., Ye, F., Huang, Y., Guo, Z., & Li, W. (2021). Home-Based Self-Help Telerehabilitation of the Upper Limb Assisted by an Electromyography-Driven Wrist/Hand Exoneuromusculoskeleton after Stroke. Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation,1(18), 137. doi.org/10.1186/s12984-021-00930-3
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2021). Stroke Information Page. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Stroke-Information-Page
Paprocka-Borowicz, M., Wiatr, M., Ciałowicz, M., Borowicz, W., Kaczmarek, A., Marques, A., & Murawska-Ciałowicz, E. (2021). Influence of Physical Activity and Socio-Economic Status on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Patients after Stroke. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158058
Sandberg, K., Kleist, M., Falk, L., & Enthoven, P. (2016). Effects of Twice-Weekly Intense Aerobic Exercise in Early Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 97(8), 1244–1253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2016.01.030
Schnitzler, A., Jourdan, C., Josseran, L., Azouvi, P., Jacob, L., & Genêt, F. (2019). Participation in Work and Leisure Activities after Stroke: A National Study. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 62(5), 351–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2019.04.005
Schwarz, B., Claros-Salinas, D., & Streibelt, M. (2018). Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Research on Facilitators and Barriers of Return to Work After Stroke. J Occup Rehabil, 28(1), 28-44. DOI: 10.1007/s10926-017-9713-2
Stroke Association (2020). Guidelines Stroke. https://www.stroke.org/
Taylor-Piliae, R. E., Zeimantz, M. A., Dolan, H., & Rosenfeld, A. G. (2020). Stroke Survivors’ Feelings and Perceptions of Their Recovery After a Tai Chi Exercise Intervention: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 35(5), 468–474. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000667
Vahlberg, B., Cederholm, T., Lindmark, B., Zetterberg, L., & Hellström, K. (2016). Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of a Progressive Resistance and Balance Exercise Program in Individuals with Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Disability and Rehabilitation, 39(16), 1615–1622. DOI:10.1080/09638288.2016.12066
Vahlberg, B., Lundström, E., Eriksson, S., Holmbäck, U., & Cederholm, T. (2020). Effects on Walking Performance and Lower Body Strength by Short Message Service Guided Training after Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (The Strokewalk Study): A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 35(2), 276–287. DOI:10.1177/0269215520954346
Winstein, C. J., Stein, J., Arena, R., Bates, B., Cherney, L. R., Cramer, S. C., & Zorowitz, R. D. (2016). Guidelines for Adult Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery. Stroke, 47(6), e98–e169. doi:10.1161/str.000000000000009
Xie, G., Rao, T., Lin, L., Lin, Z., Xiao, T., Yang, M., & Chen, L. (2018). Effects of Tai Chi Yunshou Exercise on Community-Based Stroke Patients: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 15(1). doi:10.1186/s11556-018-0206-x
Zhang, W., Liu, Y., Yu, J., Zhang, Q., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Gao, Y., & Ye, L. (2021). Exercise Interventions for Post-Stroke Depression. Medicine, 100(8), e24945. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000024945
Zhang, Q., Schwade, M., Smith, Y., Wood, R., & Young, L. (2020). Exercise-Based Interventions for Post-Stroke Social Participation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 111, 103738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103738
Aguiar, L. T., Nadeau, S., Britto, R. R., Teixeira-Salmela, L. F., Martins, J. C., Samora, G. A. R., Da Silva Júnior, J. A., & Faria, C. D. C. D. M. (2020). Effects of Aerobic Training on Physical Activity in People with Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. NeuroRehabilitation, 46(3), 391–401. https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-193013
Aidar, F. J., Oliveira, J. O. R., Matos, G. D., Chilibeck, P. D., De-Soüza, R. F., Carneiro, A. L., & Reis, M. V. (2018). A Randomized Trial of the Effects of An Aquatic Exercise Program on Depression, Anxiety Levels, and Functional Capacity of People Who Suffered an Ischemic Stroke. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 58(7–8), 1171–1177. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07284-X
Alotaibi, S. M., Alotaibi, H. M., Alolyani, A. M., Abu Dali, F. A., Alshammari, A. K., Alhwiesh, A. A., Gari, D. M., Khuda, I. K. M. Q., & Vallabadoss, C. A. (2021). Assessment of the Stroke-Specific Quality-of-Life Scale in Kfhu, Khobar a Prospective Cross-Sectional Study. Neurosciences, 26(2), 171–178. https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2021.2.20200126
American Heart Association. (2019). Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 At-a-Glance Heart Disease, Stroke and other Cardiovascular Diseases. https://healthmetrics.heart.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/At-A-Glance-Heart-Disease-and-Stroke-Statistics-–-2019.pdf
Bello, U. M., Chutiyami, M., Salihu, D., Abdu, S. I., Tafida, B. A., Jabbo, A. A., Gamawa, A., Umar, L., Lawan, A., Miller, T., & Winser, S. J. (2021). Quality of Life of Stroke Survivors in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Quality of Life Research, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-020-02591-6
Boyne, P., Welge, J., Kissela, B., & Dunning, K. (2017). Factors Influencing the Efficacy of Aerobic Exercise for Improving Fitness and Walking Capacity After Stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 98(3), 581–595. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2016.08.484
Coroian, F., Jourdan, C., Bakhti, K., Palayer, C., Jaussent, A., Picot, M. C., Mottet, D., Julia, M., Bonnin, H. Y., & Laffont, I. (2018). Upper Limb Isokinetic Strengthening Versus Passive Mobilization in Patients with Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 99(2), 321–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2017.08.490
Da-Campo, L., Hauck, M., Marcolino, M. A. Z., Pinheiro, D., Plentz, R. D. M., & Cechetti, F. (2019). Effects of Aerobic Exercise Using Cycle Ergometry on Balance and Functional Capacity in Post-Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials. Disability and Rehabilitation, 43(11), 1558–1564. doi:10.1080/09638288.2019.16702
Da-Silva, L. A., Tortelli, L., Motta, J., Menguer, L., Mariano, S., Tasca, G., Silveira, G. de B., Pinho, R. A., & Silveira, P. C. L. (2019). Effects of Aquatic Exercise on Mental Health, Functional Autonomy and Oxidative Stress in Depressed Elderly Individuals: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clinics, 74, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2019/e322
Duncan, P. W., Bushnell, C., Sissine, M., Coleman, S., Lutz, B. J., Johnson, A. M., & Stein, J. (2020). Comprehensive Stroke Care and Outcomes. Stroke, 52(1), 385-393. DOI:10.1161/strokeaha.120.02967
Gezer, H., Karaahmet, O. Z., Gurcay, E., Dulgeroglu, D., & Cakci, A. (2018). The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Stroke Rehabilitation. Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971). DOI:10.1007/s11845-018-1848-4
Gunnes, M., Indredavik, B., Langhammer, B., Lydersen, S., Ihle-Hansen, H., Dahl, A. E., & Askim, T. (2019). Associations Between Adherence to the Physical Activity and Exercise Program Applied in the LAST Study and Functional Recovery After Stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 100(12), 2251–2259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2019.04.023
Hamre, C., Fure, B., Helbostad, J. L., Wyller, T. B., Ihle-Hansen, H., Vlachos, G., Ursin, M. H., & Tangen, G. G. (2021). Factors Associated with Level of Physical Activity After Minor Stroke. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 30(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105628
Haverinen-Shaughnessy, U., Turunen, M., Metsämuuronen, J., Palonen, J., Putus, T., Kurnitski, J., & Shaughnessy, R. J. (2012). Sixth Grade Pupils ’ Health and Performance and Indoor Environmental Quality in Finnish School Buildings. British Journal of Educational Research, 2(1), 42–58. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253233983
Keating, L. E., Becker, S., McCabe, K., Whattam, J., Garrick, L., Sassi, R. B., Frey, B. N., & McKinnon, M. C. (2018). Effects of a 12-Week Running Programme in Youth and Adults with Complex Mood Disorders. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 4(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000314
Kimura, Y., Ohji, S., Nishio, N., Abe, Y., Ogawa, H., Taguchi, R., Otobe, Y., & Yamada, M. (2020). The Impact of Wheelchair Propulsion Based Physical Activity on Functional Recovery in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Multicenter Observational Study. Disability and Rehabilitation, 0(0), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2020.1821249
Kramer, S. F., Hung, S. H., & Brodtmann, A. (2019). The Impact of Physical Activity Before and After Stroke on Stroke Risk and Recovery: a Narrative Review. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 19(6). DOI:10.1007/s11910-019-0949-4
Kuriakose, D., & Xiao, Z. (2020). Pathophysiology and Treatment of Stroke: Present Status and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci, 21(20), 7609. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207609
Le-Danseur, M. (2019). Stroke Rehabilitation. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America. doi:10.1016/j.cnc.2019.11.004.
Lee, J., & Stone, A. J. (2019). Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training for Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Muscle Strength, and Walking Capacity after Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 104498. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104498
Lin, F. H., Yih, D. N., Shih, F. M., & Chu, C. M. (2019). Effect of Social Support and Health Education on Depression Scale Scores of Chronic Stroke Patients. Medicine, 98(44), e17667. DOI:10.1097/md.0000000000017667
Linder, S. M., Davidson, S., Rosenfeld, A., & Lee, J. (2020). Forced and Voluntary Aerobic Cycling Interventions Improve Walking Capacity in Individuals With Chronic Stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 102(1). DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2020.08.006
Lund, C., Dalgas, U., Grønborg, T. K., Andersen, H., Severinsen, K., Riemenschneider, M., & Overgaard, K. (2018). Balance and Walking Performance are Improved after Resistance and Aerobic Training in Persons with Chronic Stroke. Disability and Rehabilitation, 40(20), 2408–2415. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2017.1336646
Mairami, F. F., Warren, N., Allotey, P. A., & Reidpath, D. D. (2019). Contextual factors that shape recovery after stroke in Malaysia. Disability and Rehabilitation, 42(22), 3189-3198. DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1588399
Marzolini, S., Oh, P., McIlroy, W., & Brooks, D. (2012). The Effects of an Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Training Program on Cognition Following Stroke. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 27(5), 392–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968312465192
Misawa, J., & Kondo, K. (2019). Social Factors Relating to Depression Among Older People in Japan: Analysis of Longitudinal Panel Data from The AGES Project. Aging and Mental Health, 23(10), 1423–1432. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2018.1496225
Moucheboeuf, G., Griffier, R., Gasq, D., Glize, B., Bouyer, L., Dehail, P., & Cassoudesalle, H. (2020). Effects of Robotic Gait Training after Stroke: A Meta-Analysis. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 63(6), 518–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2020.02.008
Nam, C., Zhang, B., Chow, T., Ye, F., Huang, Y., Guo, Z., & Li, W. (2021). Home-Based Self-Help Telerehabilitation of the Upper Limb Assisted by an Electromyography-Driven Wrist/Hand Exoneuromusculoskeleton after Stroke. Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation,1(18), 137. doi.org/10.1186/s12984-021-00930-3
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2021). Stroke Information Page. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Stroke-Information-Page
Paprocka-Borowicz, M., Wiatr, M., Ciałowicz, M., Borowicz, W., Kaczmarek, A., Marques, A., & Murawska-Ciałowicz, E. (2021). Influence of Physical Activity and Socio-Economic Status on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Patients after Stroke. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158058
Sandberg, K., Kleist, M., Falk, L., & Enthoven, P. (2016). Effects of Twice-Weekly Intense Aerobic Exercise in Early Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 97(8), 1244–1253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2016.01.030
Schnitzler, A., Jourdan, C., Josseran, L., Azouvi, P., Jacob, L., & Genêt, F. (2019). Participation in Work and Leisure Activities after Stroke: A National Study. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 62(5), 351–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2019.04.005
Schwarz, B., Claros-Salinas, D., & Streibelt, M. (2018). Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Research on Facilitators and Barriers of Return to Work After Stroke. J Occup Rehabil, 28(1), 28-44. DOI: 10.1007/s10926-017-9713-2
Stroke Association (2020). Guidelines Stroke. https://www.stroke.org/
Taylor-Piliae, R. E., Zeimantz, M. A., Dolan, H., & Rosenfeld, A. G. (2020). Stroke Survivors’ Feelings and Perceptions of Their Recovery After a Tai Chi Exercise Intervention: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 35(5), 468–474. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000667
Vahlberg, B., Cederholm, T., Lindmark, B., Zetterberg, L., & Hellström, K. (2016). Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of a Progressive Resistance and Balance Exercise Program in Individuals with Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Disability and Rehabilitation, 39(16), 1615–1622. DOI:10.1080/09638288.2016.12066
Vahlberg, B., Lundström, E., Eriksson, S., Holmbäck, U., & Cederholm, T. (2020). Effects on Walking Performance and Lower Body Strength by Short Message Service Guided Training after Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (The Strokewalk Study): A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 35(2), 276–287. DOI:10.1177/0269215520954346
Winstein, C. J., Stein, J., Arena, R., Bates, B., Cherney, L. R., Cramer, S. C., & Zorowitz, R. D. (2016). Guidelines for Adult Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery. Stroke, 47(6), e98–e169. doi:10.1161/str.000000000000009
Xie, G., Rao, T., Lin, L., Lin, Z., Xiao, T., Yang, M., & Chen, L. (2018). Effects of Tai Chi Yunshou Exercise on Community-Based Stroke Patients: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 15(1). doi:10.1186/s11556-018-0206-x
Zhang, W., Liu, Y., Yu, J., Zhang, Q., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Gao, Y., & Ye, L. (2021). Exercise Interventions for Post-Stroke Depression. Medicine, 100(8), e24945. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000024945
Zhang, Q., Schwade, M., Smith, Y., Wood, R., & Young, L. (2020). Exercise-Based Interventions for Post-Stroke Social Participation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 111, 103738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103738
Published
2021-12-26
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Copyright (c) 2021 Rika Diah Pitaloka, I Made Kariasa
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