Peran Pendidikan Sains dalam Mengembangkan Kompetensi Masa Depan di Sekolah Dasar: Kajian Pustaka

Anandea Nurmutia Herdiana; I Wayan Suastra; I Made Citra Wibawa; Ida Bagus Putu Arnyana

doi:10.31539/rb974f34

Authors

Anandea Nurmutia Herdiana Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
I Wayan Suastra Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
I Made Citra Wibawa Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
Ida Bagus Putu Arnyana Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31539/rb974f34

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the role of science education in elementary schools in developing 21st-century competencies, particularly scientific literacy, critical thinking, and science process skills, based on relevant studies published from 2020 to 2025. The method used was a literature review through analysis and synthesis of various studies related to science education at the elementary level. The results showed that inquiry-based and contextual science learning approaches integrated with local wisdom, supported by innovative media such as digital technology and simple experiments, effectively improve students’ cognitive abilities, scientific attitudes, and readiness to face increasingly complex future challenges. In conclusion, science education in elementary schools plays a strategic role as a foundation for developing 21st-century competencies, therefore pedagogical strengthening is needed to optimize its implementation from an early stage.

Keywords: Critical Thinking, Elementary Science Education, Scientific Literacy

References

Adnan, K., Amran, M., & Asmah, S. (2025). Penerapan pendekatan keterampilan proses untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa PGSD pada mata kuliah konsep dasar IPA. Kalam Cendekia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 13(2), 1–12.

Aikenhead, G. S. (2006). Science education for everyday life: Evidence-based practice. Teachers College Press.

Alwanda, M. A. (2025). Efektivitas media pembelajaran interaktif dalam meningkatkan literasi sains siswa sekolah dasar: A systematic literature review. Advances in Education Journal.

Azura, N., et al. (2025). STEAM-project-based learning: A catalyst for elementary school students' scientific literacy skills. Jurnal Lamdik.

Barokah, A., Ramadhani, N. A., & Zaini, S. N. (2025). Literature review: Pemanfaatan teknologi dalam pembelajaran IPA di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 9(1), 4993–4999.

Bybee, R. W. (2013). The case for STEM education: Challenges and opportunities. NSTA Press.

Gunawan, A. (2024). Penggunaan metode eksperimen dalam pembelajaran IPA di sekolah dasar: Pendekatan efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Dasar.

Hattie, J. (2009). Visible learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement. Routledge.

Hmelo-Silver, C. E., Duncan, R. G., & Chinn, C. A. (2007). Scaffolding and achievement in problem-based and inquiry learning. Educational Psychologist, 42(2), 99–107.

Jati, I. W., Wicaksono, A. G., & Jumanto. (2025). Hubungan kemampuan literasi sains terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa kelas IV di SD. Primary Education Journals (Jurnal Ke-SD-an), 5(2), 809–817. https://doi.org/10.36636/primed.v5i2.5442

Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Prentice Hall.

Kusuma, N. F., Haerunisa, N., Harahap, A. T., Zainiza, M., Fazira, A., Hastuti, S., Latifah, L., Khoirina, N., Syafiq, M. A., Fitriyasari, M., & Amin, R. (2025). Best practice pembelajaran abad 21. Naba Edukasi Indonesia.

Mardiana. (2024). Analisis kesulitan belajar siswa dalam perubahan kurikulum pada pembelajaran IPA. Edusaintek: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains dan Teknologi, 12(2).

Maulidia, W. (2025). Analisis pentingnya penanaman sikap ilmiah pada siswa SD/MI melalui pembelajaran IPA. Jurnal Cakrawala: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.

OECD. (2019). PISA 2018 assessment and analytical framework. OECD Publishing.

Purnama, A. W., Utomo, D. C., Wahdi, A., & Mudarris, B. (2025). Teori belajar dalam psikologi pendidikan dan implikasinya terhadap pembelajaran. Almustofa: Journal of Islamic Studies and Research, 2(2), 500–516. https://doi.org/10.23960/almustofa

Putra, B. P., & Wahyuni, S. (2025). Integrasi kearifan lokal dalam pembelajaran IPA untuk meningkatkan literasi sains siswa: Kajian literatur. Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series, 8(3), 1939–1950. https://doi.org/10.20961/jkc.v13i2.103518

Sari, R. N. (2021). Pengembangan literasi sains pada anak usia dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Multidisiplin.

Sukaesih, S. (2023). Mewujudkan generasi cerdas, kompetitif, dan berkarakter pada abad 21 melalui pendidikan biologi dan inovasi riset berkelanjutan. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi XI (pp. 16–22). FMIPA Universitas Negeri Semarang.

Utami, A. S., Astin, H., Pratiwi, S., Negara, M. C., Melany, S. D., & Khoirunnisa, K. (2025). Tantangan guru sekolah dasar dalam mengajar IPA terutama dalam keterbatasan sarana dan kompetensi guru. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 10(2), 326–336.

Wahyuni, S. (2025). The development of inquiry-based LKPD to enhance critical thinking skills in science learning at elementary schools. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.

Zed, M. (2014). Metode penelitian kepustakaan. Yayasan Obor Indonesia.