Kombinasi Ekstrak Metanol Daun Ketepeng Cina (Cassia alata Linn.) dengan Enam Ekstrak Tumbuhan Terpilih dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity and the effect of the combination of methanol extract of the leaves of Chinese ketepeng (Cassia alata Linn.) with six selected plant extracts against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The method used is well diffusion and paper tape method. The concentration of the test extract was 100 mg/mL (1:1), DMSO 50% v/v was used as a negative control and the antibiotic clindamycin as a positive control. The results showed that most of the combinations of the methanol extract of the Chinese ketepeng leaf (C. alata) with the six selected plant extracts produced an average diameter of the inhibition zone, which was greater than the average diameter of the inhibition zone of every single extract. However, the average diameter of the combined inhibition zones was not more significant than the sum of the average diameters of the inhibition zones of every single extract. In conclusion, the combination of the methanol extract of the Chinese ketepeng leaf (C. alata) with six selected plant extracts had additive/indifferent effects in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus.
Keywords: Antibacterial, Cassia alata Linn, Combination, Staphylococcus aureus
References
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Dubey, D., Sahu, M. C., & Naik, P. K. (2021). Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of the Leave Extract of Oroxylum indicum Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection. International Journal of Current Research and Review, 13(15), 133–138. https://doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2021.131525
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Ismarani, D., Pratiwi, L., & Kusharyanti, I. (2014). Formulasi Gel Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina Linn.) terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR), 1(1), 30–45. https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v1i1.3504
Kitagawa, I., Simanjuntak, P., Hori, K., Nagami, N., Mahmud, T., Shibuya, H., & Kobayashi, M. (1994). Indonesian Medicinal Plants. VII. Seven New Clerodane-Type Diterpenoids, Peronemins A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, and D1, from the Leaves of Peronema canescens (Verbenaceae). Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 42(5), 1050–1055. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.42.1050
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Lathifah, Q. A., Turista, D. D. R., & Puspitasari, E. (2021). Daya Antibakteri Ketepeng Cina (Cassia alata L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aerugenosa, dan Klebsiella pneumonia. Jurnal Analis Kesehatan, 10(1), 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26630/jak.v10i1.2718
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Meenupriya, J., Vinisha, A. S., & Priya, P. (2014). Cassia alata and Cassia auriculata – Review of Their Bioactive Potential. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(12), 1760–1769. http://www.academia.edu/download/35883193/021226-PS0387.pdf
Pradito, S. A., Muthmainah, N., & Biworo, A. (2022). Perbandingan Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Ekstrak Daun Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Homeostatis : Jurnal Mahasiswa Pendidikan Dokter, 5(1), 135–144. https://ppjp.ulm.ac.id/journals/index.php/hms/article/view/5212/3568
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Simanjuntak, P. (1996). Studi Kimia Senyawa Glikosida Tumbuhan Sungkei, Peronema canescens (Verbenaceae). Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 6(1–2), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.14203/jkti.v6i1-2.229
Sumayyah, S., & Salsabila, N. (2017). Obat Tradisional: Antara Khasiat dan Efek Sampingnya. Majalah Farmasetika, 2(5), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.24198/farmasetika.v2i5.16780
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Yamani, H. A., Pang, E. C., Mantri, N., & Deighton, M. A. (2016). Antimicrobial Activity of Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) Essential Oil and Their Major Constituents against Three Species of Bacteria. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00681
Yang, S.-K., Yusoff, K., Mai, C.-W., Lim, W.-M., Yap, W.-S., Lim, S.-H. E., & Lai, K.-S. (2017). Additivity vs. Synergism: Investigation of the Additive Interaction of Cinnamon Bark Oil and Meropenem in Combinatory Therapy. Molecules, 22(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22111733
Adhikari, N., Rana, A., Oli, S., Neupane, S., Bhandari, R., & Joshi, D. R. (2020). Study of In-vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extract of Azadirachta indica and Ocimum sanctum in Different Organic Solvents and Cow Urine. Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics, 10(1-S), 90–95. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i1-s.3908
Asmah, N., Halimatussakdiah, H., & Amna, U. (2020). Analisa Kandungan Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Daun Ketepeng Cina (Cassia alata L.) dari Bireum Bayeun, Aceh Timur. QUIMICA: Jurnal Kimia Sains Dan Terapan, 2(2), 7–10. https://doi.org/10.33059/jq.v2i2.2646
Chandra, H., Bishnoi, P., Yadav, A., Patni, B., Mishra, A. P., & Nautiyal, A. R. (2017). Antimicrobial Resistance and the Alternative Resources with Special Emphasis on Plant-Based Antimicrobials - A Review. Plants (Basel.), 6(2), 457–462. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants6020016
Cheesman, M. J., Ilanko, A., Blonk, B., & Cock, I. E. (2017). Developing New Antimicrobial Therapies : Are Synergistic Combinations of Plant Exctracts/Compounds with Conventional Antibiotics the Solution? Pharmacognosy Reviews, 11(22), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.4103/ phrev.phrev_21_17
Dermawan, A. M., Pratiwi, L., & Kusharyanti, I. (2015). Efektivitas Krim Antijerawat Ekstrak Metanol Daun Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina Linn.). Traditional Medicine Journal, 20(3), 127–133. https://doi.org/10.22146/tradmedj.8851
Dubey, D., Sahu, M. C., & Naik, P. K. (2021). Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of the Leave Extract of Oroxylum indicum Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection. International Journal of Current Research and Review, 13(15), 133–138. https://doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2021.131525
Ekom, S. E., Tamokou, J. D. D., & Kuete, V. (2022). Methanol Extract from the Seeds of Persea americana Displays Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activities in Rat Model. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 282, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114573
EUCAST of the ESCMID. (2000). Terminology Relating to Methods for the Determination of Susceptibility of Bacteria to Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 6(9), 503–508. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0691.2000.00149.x
Eswari, J. S., Dha-Gat, S., Naik, S., & Dibya, S. (2018). Oroxylum indicum Leaf Extracts for Screening of Antimicrobial Properties and Phytochemicals. Pharmaceutical Bioprocessing, 6(1), 7–14. https://www.openaccessjournals.com/articles/phytochemical-and-antimicrobial-studies-of-oroxylum-indicum-extracts.pdf
Gnanamani, A., Hariharan, P., & Paul-Satyaseela, M. (2017). Staphylococcus aureus: Overview of Bacteriology, Clinical Diseases, Epidemiology, Antibiotic Resistance and Therapeutic Approach. Frontiers in Staphylococcus aureus. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/67338
Hai, N. T., Trang, D. H., & Ha, N. T. T. (2018). Herbal Extracts in Combination with Nanosilver Inhibit Blight Disease Caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Rice. Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1(4), 270–280. https://doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2018.1.4.03
Hieu, L. H., Thao, N. P., Anh, D. H., Hong Hanh, T. T., Cong, N. D., Cuong, N. T., Van Thanh, N., Cuong, N. X., Nam, N. H., Quang, N. D., & Van Minh, C. (2020). Metabolites from Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour. Phytochemistry Letters, 37(8), 116–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2019.08.003
Husna, C. A. (2018). Peranan Protein Adhesi Matriks Ekstraseluler dalam Patogenitas Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Averrous : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Malikussaleh, 4(2), 99–100 https://doi.org/10.29103/averrous.v4i2.1041
Ismarani, D., Pratiwi, L., & Kusharyanti, I. (2014). Formulasi Gel Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina Linn.) terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR), 1(1), 30–45. https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v1i1.3504
Kitagawa, I., Simanjuntak, P., Hori, K., Nagami, N., Mahmud, T., Shibuya, H., & Kobayashi, M. (1994). Indonesian Medicinal Plants. VII. Seven New Clerodane-Type Diterpenoids, Peronemins A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, and D1, from the Leaves of Peronema canescens (Verbenaceae). Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 42(5), 1050–1055. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.42.1050
Laishram, S., Pragasam, A. K., Bakthavatchalam, Y. D., & Veeraraghavan, B. (2017). An Update on Technical, Interpretative and Clinical Relevance of Antimicrobial Synergy Testing Methodologies. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 35(4), 445–468. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_17_189
Lathifah, Q. A., Turista, D. D. R., & Puspitasari, E. (2021). Daya Antibakteri Ketepeng Cina (Cassia alata L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aerugenosa, dan Klebsiella pneumonia. Jurnal Analis Kesehatan, 10(1), 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26630/jak.v10i1.2718
Leite, J. J. G., Brito, É. H. S., Cordeiro, R. A., Brilhante, R. S. N., Sidrim, J. J. C., Bertini, L. M., De Morais, S. M., & Rocha, M. F. G. (2009). Chemical Composition, Toxicity and Larvicidal and Antifungal Activities of Persea americana (Avocado) Seed Extracts. Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 42(2), 110–113. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822009000200003
Meenupriya, J., Vinisha, A. S., & Priya, P. (2014). Cassia alata and Cassia auriculata – Review of Their Bioactive Potential. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(12), 1760–1769. http://www.academia.edu/download/35883193/021226-PS0387.pdf
Pradito, S. A., Muthmainah, N., & Biworo, A. (2022). Perbandingan Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Ekstrak Daun Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Homeostatis : Jurnal Mahasiswa Pendidikan Dokter, 5(1), 135–144. https://ppjp.ulm.ac.id/journals/index.php/hms/article/view/5212/3568
Sadeek, A. M., & Abdallah, E. M. (2019). Phytochemical Compounds as Antibacterial Agents: A Mini Review. Global Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(4), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.19080/GJPPS.2019.07.555720
Simanjuntak, P. (1996). Studi Kimia Senyawa Glikosida Tumbuhan Sungkei, Peronema canescens (Verbenaceae). Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 6(1–2), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.14203/jkti.v6i1-2.229
Sumayyah, S., & Salsabila, N. (2017). Obat Tradisional: Antara Khasiat dan Efek Sampingnya. Majalah Farmasetika, 2(5), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.24198/farmasetika.v2i5.16780
Taylor, T., & Unakal, C.G. (2021). StatPearls: Staphylococcus aureus. National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441868/
Yamani, H. A., Pang, E. C., Mantri, N., & Deighton, M. A. (2016). Antimicrobial Activity of Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) Essential Oil and Their Major Constituents against Three Species of Bacteria. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00681
Yang, S.-K., Yusoff, K., Mai, C.-W., Lim, W.-M., Yap, W.-S., Lim, S.-H. E., & Lai, K.-S. (2017). Additivity vs. Synergism: Investigation of the Additive Interaction of Cinnamon Bark Oil and Meropenem in Combinatory Therapy. Molecules, 22(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22111733
Published
2022-10-27
Section
Articles
