Etnozoologi Pada Masyarakat Sumba
Abstract
Ethnozoology is the study of the relationship between humans and animals. Ethnozoological studies are closely related to culture and local knowledge and their interactions with the surrounding environment. The Sumba people with the marapu belief are known to have close relationships with various types of animals. This study aims to identify the types of animals used by the people of three villages in Sumba. The results showed that 23 species of animals were identified as part of the ethnozoology of the three villages. Species of animals related to ethnozoology can refer to several species scientifically. The forms of utilization by the community are as part of traditional and religious rituals (five species), traditional medicine (five species), consumption (six species), artistic values ​​(seven species), and mystical values ​​and omens (seven species). Ethnozology in Sumba society is closely related to Marapu beliefs.
Keywords: Etnozoology, Marapu, traditional rituals, Sumba
References
Alves, R. R. N. (2012). Relationships between fauna and people and the role of ethnozoology in animal conservation. Ethnobiology and Conservation, 1(2012). https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2012-8-1.2-1-69
Alves, R. R. N., & Albuquerque, U. P. (2018). Introduction: Animals in Our Lives. In R. R. N. Alves & U. P. Albuquerque (Eds.), Ethnozoology Animals in our Lives (pp. 1–7). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809913-1.00001-6
Alves, R. R. N., & Souto, W. M. S. (2015). Ethnozoology: A brief introduction. Ethnobiology and Conservation, 4(2015), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2015-1-4.1-1-13
Atun, A., Komalasari, D. T., Noviasari, H., Nurkholifah, S., & Umami, M. (2020). Kajian etnozoologi Kecoa batu (Nauphoeta cinerea) dalam upaya konservasi hewan berkelanjutan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Biologi, 49–53.
Borah, M. P., & Prasad, S. B. (2017). Ethnozoological study of animals based medicine used by traditional healers and indigenous inhabitants in the adjoining areas of Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 13(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-017-0167-6
Djawa, A. R., & Suprijono, A. (2014). Ritual Marapu di Masyarakat Sumba Timur. AVATARA, 2(1), 71–85. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/avatara/article/view/6300
Forth, G. (2016). Eastern sumbanese bird classification and nomenclature: Additions and revisions. Ethnobiology Letters, 7(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.14237/ebl.7.1.2016.572
Guerrero-Gatica, M., Mujica, M. I., Barceló, M., Vio-Garay, M. F., Gelcich, S., & Armesto, J. J. (2020). Traditional and local knowledge in chile: Review of experiences and insights for management and sustainability. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(5), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051767
Hamidy, A., Witjaksono, & Sihotang, V. B. L. (2018). Ekspedisi Sumba. LIPI Press.
Hidayati, D. (2011). Gajah, interaksinya dengan pendukung tradisi Megalitik di Sumatera Utara. In Berkala Arkeologi Sangkhakala (Vol. 14, Issue 2, p. 112). https://doi.org/10.24832/bas.v14i2.146
Hunn, E. (2011). Ethnozoology. In E. Anderson, D. Pearsall, E. Hunn, & N. Turner (Eds.), Ethnobiology (pp. 83–96). John Willey & Sons Inc.
Hussain, J. F., & Tynsong, H. (2021). Review: Ethno-zoological study of animals-based medicine used by traditional healers of North-east India. Asian Journal of Ethnobiology, 4(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y040101
Jekti, D. S. D., Raskun, Sumarjan, Yulianti, E., Suryawati, H., Maswan, M., & Kastoro, W. (1993). Jenis-jenis Polychaeta di Pulau Lombok dan Peristiwa Baunyale. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan Dan Perikanan Indonesia, 1(1), 21–32.
Kleden, K. D., & Nusa, S. (2019). Paham dan upacara kematian dalam Agama Marapu sebagai wadah Evangelisasi Iman Kristiani di Sumba-Nusa Tenggara Timur. Jurnal Edukasi Sumba (JES), 3(2), 92–105. https://doi.org/10.53395/jes.v3i2.54
Kondi, B. R. P., Pilakoannu, R. T., & Lattu, I. Y. M. (2021). Ritual Wulla Poddu sebagai model resiliensi Masyarakat Marapu di Kampung Tarung dan Praiijing Sumba Barat. Antropos, 6(2), 172–180.
Marpaung, E. P., & Idris, M. (2022). Studi etnobotani tumbuhan yang digunakan dalam Upacara Kematian Saur Satua. BIOEDUSAINS, 5(2), 418–424.
Mbulur, F. N., & Hary, T. A. P. (2013). Sikap remaja terhadap Kepercayaan Marapu di Kabupaten Sumba Timur Nusa Tenggara Timur. Jurnal Spirits, 3(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2013-0137.1
Melinda, T., Rajab, B., & Raksanagara, A. S. (2020). Karodduka Tuba Marapu: Praktik Medis pada Masyarakat di Kampung Tarung, Sumba Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Al-Adabiya: Jurnal Kebudayaan Dan Keagamaan, 15(01), 25–46. https://doi.org/10.37680/adabiya.v15i01.235
Narchi, N. E., Cornier, S., Canu, D. M., Aguilar-Rosas, L. E., Bender, M. G., Jacquelin, C., Thiba, M., Moura, G. G. M., & de Wit, R. (2014). Marine ethnobiology a rather neglected area, which can provide an important contribution to ocean and coastal management. Ocean and Coastal Management, 89(October 2013), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.09.014
Novriyanti, N., & Iswandaru, D. (2019). Pemanfaatan satwaliar oleh masyarakat sekitar hutan Desa Beringin, Kabupaten Merangin, Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Silva Tropika, 3(2), 142–150.
Nukraheni, Y. N., Afriyansyah, B., & Ihsan, M. (2019). Ethnozoologi Masyarakat Suku Jerieng dalam memanfaatkan hewan sebagai obat tradisional yang halal. Journal of Halal Product and Research, 2(2), 60–67. https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JHPR/article/download/16924/9127
Pandango, D. U., & Ladamay, I. (2019). Nilai-nilai budaya ritual adat Marapu Wulla Poddu. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Bagi Guru Dan Dosen, 3, 376–381. https://conference.unikama.ac.id/artikel/index.php/fip/index
Partasasmita, R., Iskandar, J., & Malone, N. (2016). Karangwangi people’s (South Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia) local knowledge of species, forest utilization and wildlife conservation. Biodiversitas, 17(1), 154–161. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d170123
Priyansah, S., Syafutra, R., Fitriana, F., Apriyani, R., Mahatir, E. H., & Husin, T. D. (2021). Pemanfaatan satwa liar sebagai obat tradisional di Desa Air Mesu Timur dan Cambai Selatan , Kabupaten Bangka Tengah. Ekotonia, 06(2), 35–41.
Renata, R. S., & Lasman, D. K. (2021). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Ritual of Marapu in West Sumba : Funeral Ceremony. Proceedings of the International University Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2020, 593(Inusharts 2020), 236–241.
Rocha, R., López-Baucells, A., & Fernández-Llamazares, Ã. (2021). Ethnobiology of bats: Exploring human-bat inter relationships in a rapidly changing world. Journal of Ethnobiology, 41(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.2993/0278-0771-41.1.3
Rosandini, M., & Kireina, Y. (2020). Kajian bahasa rupa pada batik gendongan Lasem motif pohon hayat dan satwa. Gelar : Jurnal Seni Budaya, 18(1), 16–22. https://doi.org/10.33153/glr.v18i1.3022
Rusmiati, Anwari, M. S., & Tavta, G. E. (2018). Etnozoologi Masyarakat Dayak Bakati di Desa Seluas Kecamatan Seluas Kabupaten Bengkayang. Jurnal Hutan Lestari, 6(3), 594–604.
Saraswati, T., & Day, M. A. R. (2017). Kampung Adat Deri Kambajawa di Kabupaten Sumba Tengah Sebaga Living Museum. Seminar Nasional Arsitektur Dan Tata Ruang (SAMARTA), Bali-2017, 1–10.
Soeriadiredja, P. (2016). Tatanan Hidup Orang Sumba: Studi Etnografis Orang Sumba Timur. In Universitas Udayana. Universitas Udayana. https://docplayer.info/87674395-Tatanan-hidup-orang-sumba.html#download_tab_content
Solihin, L. (2013). Mengantar arwah jenazah ke Parai Marapu: Upacara Kubur Batu pada Masyarakat Umalulu, Sumba Timur. Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah Dan Budaya, 5(2), 232. https://doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v5i2.135
Yuniati, E., Indriyani, S., Batoro, J., & Purwanto, Y. (2020). Ethnozoology of the ritual and magic of the to Bada ethnic group in the Lore Lindu Biosphere Reserve, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21(6), 2645–2653. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210636
Alves, R. R. N., & Albuquerque, U. P. (2018). Introduction: Animals in Our Lives. In R. R. N. Alves & U. P. Albuquerque (Eds.), Ethnozoology Animals in our Lives (pp. 1–7). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809913-1.00001-6
Alves, R. R. N., & Souto, W. M. S. (2015). Ethnozoology: A brief introduction. Ethnobiology and Conservation, 4(2015), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2015-1-4.1-1-13
Atun, A., Komalasari, D. T., Noviasari, H., Nurkholifah, S., & Umami, M. (2020). Kajian etnozoologi Kecoa batu (Nauphoeta cinerea) dalam upaya konservasi hewan berkelanjutan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Biologi, 49–53.
Borah, M. P., & Prasad, S. B. (2017). Ethnozoological study of animals based medicine used by traditional healers and indigenous inhabitants in the adjoining areas of Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 13(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-017-0167-6
Djawa, A. R., & Suprijono, A. (2014). Ritual Marapu di Masyarakat Sumba Timur. AVATARA, 2(1), 71–85. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/avatara/article/view/6300
Forth, G. (2016). Eastern sumbanese bird classification and nomenclature: Additions and revisions. Ethnobiology Letters, 7(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.14237/ebl.7.1.2016.572
Guerrero-Gatica, M., Mujica, M. I., Barceló, M., Vio-Garay, M. F., Gelcich, S., & Armesto, J. J. (2020). Traditional and local knowledge in chile: Review of experiences and insights for management and sustainability. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(5), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051767
Hamidy, A., Witjaksono, & Sihotang, V. B. L. (2018). Ekspedisi Sumba. LIPI Press.
Hidayati, D. (2011). Gajah, interaksinya dengan pendukung tradisi Megalitik di Sumatera Utara. In Berkala Arkeologi Sangkhakala (Vol. 14, Issue 2, p. 112). https://doi.org/10.24832/bas.v14i2.146
Hunn, E. (2011). Ethnozoology. In E. Anderson, D. Pearsall, E. Hunn, & N. Turner (Eds.), Ethnobiology (pp. 83–96). John Willey & Sons Inc.
Hussain, J. F., & Tynsong, H. (2021). Review: Ethno-zoological study of animals-based medicine used by traditional healers of North-east India. Asian Journal of Ethnobiology, 4(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y040101
Jekti, D. S. D., Raskun, Sumarjan, Yulianti, E., Suryawati, H., Maswan, M., & Kastoro, W. (1993). Jenis-jenis Polychaeta di Pulau Lombok dan Peristiwa Baunyale. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan Dan Perikanan Indonesia, 1(1), 21–32.
Kleden, K. D., & Nusa, S. (2019). Paham dan upacara kematian dalam Agama Marapu sebagai wadah Evangelisasi Iman Kristiani di Sumba-Nusa Tenggara Timur. Jurnal Edukasi Sumba (JES), 3(2), 92–105. https://doi.org/10.53395/jes.v3i2.54
Kondi, B. R. P., Pilakoannu, R. T., & Lattu, I. Y. M. (2021). Ritual Wulla Poddu sebagai model resiliensi Masyarakat Marapu di Kampung Tarung dan Praiijing Sumba Barat. Antropos, 6(2), 172–180.
Marpaung, E. P., & Idris, M. (2022). Studi etnobotani tumbuhan yang digunakan dalam Upacara Kematian Saur Satua. BIOEDUSAINS, 5(2), 418–424.
Mbulur, F. N., & Hary, T. A. P. (2013). Sikap remaja terhadap Kepercayaan Marapu di Kabupaten Sumba Timur Nusa Tenggara Timur. Jurnal Spirits, 3(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2013-0137.1
Melinda, T., Rajab, B., & Raksanagara, A. S. (2020). Karodduka Tuba Marapu: Praktik Medis pada Masyarakat di Kampung Tarung, Sumba Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Al-Adabiya: Jurnal Kebudayaan Dan Keagamaan, 15(01), 25–46. https://doi.org/10.37680/adabiya.v15i01.235
Narchi, N. E., Cornier, S., Canu, D. M., Aguilar-Rosas, L. E., Bender, M. G., Jacquelin, C., Thiba, M., Moura, G. G. M., & de Wit, R. (2014). Marine ethnobiology a rather neglected area, which can provide an important contribution to ocean and coastal management. Ocean and Coastal Management, 89(October 2013), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.09.014
Novriyanti, N., & Iswandaru, D. (2019). Pemanfaatan satwaliar oleh masyarakat sekitar hutan Desa Beringin, Kabupaten Merangin, Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Silva Tropika, 3(2), 142–150.
Nukraheni, Y. N., Afriyansyah, B., & Ihsan, M. (2019). Ethnozoologi Masyarakat Suku Jerieng dalam memanfaatkan hewan sebagai obat tradisional yang halal. Journal of Halal Product and Research, 2(2), 60–67. https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JHPR/article/download/16924/9127
Pandango, D. U., & Ladamay, I. (2019). Nilai-nilai budaya ritual adat Marapu Wulla Poddu. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Bagi Guru Dan Dosen, 3, 376–381. https://conference.unikama.ac.id/artikel/index.php/fip/index
Partasasmita, R., Iskandar, J., & Malone, N. (2016). Karangwangi people’s (South Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia) local knowledge of species, forest utilization and wildlife conservation. Biodiversitas, 17(1), 154–161. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d170123
Priyansah, S., Syafutra, R., Fitriana, F., Apriyani, R., Mahatir, E. H., & Husin, T. D. (2021). Pemanfaatan satwa liar sebagai obat tradisional di Desa Air Mesu Timur dan Cambai Selatan , Kabupaten Bangka Tengah. Ekotonia, 06(2), 35–41.
Renata, R. S., & Lasman, D. K. (2021). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Ritual of Marapu in West Sumba : Funeral Ceremony. Proceedings of the International University Symposium on Humanities and Arts 2020, 593(Inusharts 2020), 236–241.
Rocha, R., López-Baucells, A., & Fernández-Llamazares, Ã. (2021). Ethnobiology of bats: Exploring human-bat inter relationships in a rapidly changing world. Journal of Ethnobiology, 41(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.2993/0278-0771-41.1.3
Rosandini, M., & Kireina, Y. (2020). Kajian bahasa rupa pada batik gendongan Lasem motif pohon hayat dan satwa. Gelar : Jurnal Seni Budaya, 18(1), 16–22. https://doi.org/10.33153/glr.v18i1.3022
Rusmiati, Anwari, M. S., & Tavta, G. E. (2018). Etnozoologi Masyarakat Dayak Bakati di Desa Seluas Kecamatan Seluas Kabupaten Bengkayang. Jurnal Hutan Lestari, 6(3), 594–604.
Saraswati, T., & Day, M. A. R. (2017). Kampung Adat Deri Kambajawa di Kabupaten Sumba Tengah Sebaga Living Museum. Seminar Nasional Arsitektur Dan Tata Ruang (SAMARTA), Bali-2017, 1–10.
Soeriadiredja, P. (2016). Tatanan Hidup Orang Sumba: Studi Etnografis Orang Sumba Timur. In Universitas Udayana. Universitas Udayana. https://docplayer.info/87674395-Tatanan-hidup-orang-sumba.html#download_tab_content
Solihin, L. (2013). Mengantar arwah jenazah ke Parai Marapu: Upacara Kubur Batu pada Masyarakat Umalulu, Sumba Timur. Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah Dan Budaya, 5(2), 232. https://doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v5i2.135
Yuniati, E., Indriyani, S., Batoro, J., & Purwanto, Y. (2020). Ethnozoology of the ritual and magic of the to Bada ethnic group in the Lore Lindu Biosphere Reserve, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21(6), 2645–2653. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210636
Published
2023-06-29
Section
Articles
